{"id":310714,"date":"2026-10-27T14:49:05","date_gmt":"2026-10-27T13:49:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=310714"},"modified":"2026-10-27T14:52:05","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T13:52:05","slug":"cout-total-moyen-marginal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/cout-total-moyen-marginal\/","title":{"rendered":"Co\u00fbt moyen, co\u00fbt total, co\u00fbt marginal : quelle diff\u00e9rence ?"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"you-know\"><div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83e\udde0 \u00c0 retenir :<\/p><\/div><div class=\"you-know__text\"><ul>\n<li>La <strong>diff\u00e9rence entre co\u00fbt total, co\u00fbt moyen et co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> r\u00e9side dans leur impact sur la gestion financi\u00e8re : le co\u00fbt total repr\u00e9sente toutes les d\u00e9penses de production, le co\u00fbt moyen indique le co\u00fbt par unit\u00e9 produite et le co\u00fbt marginal mesure le co\u00fbt d\u2019une unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire.<\/li>\n<li>Le co\u00fbt total se compose de co\u00fbts fixes (comme le loyer) et de co\u00fbts variables (tels que les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res), et leur somme d\u00e9termine le co\u00fbt total de production.<\/li>\n<li>Le calcul du co\u00fbt moyen se fait en divisant le co\u00fbt total par la quantit\u00e9 produite, ce qui permet de fixer des prix de vente sup\u00e9rieurs aux charges.<\/li>\n<li>Le co\u00fbt marginal aide \u00e0 d\u00e9cider de l\u2019augmentation de la production tant qu\u2019il reste inf\u00e9rieur au prix de vente ; inf\u00e9rieur au co\u00fbt moyen, il abaisse le co\u00fbt unitaire.<\/li>\n<\/ul><\/div><\/section>\n\n<p>Avez-vous d\u00e9j\u00e0 remarqu\u00e9 que le <strong>prix d\u2019un produit<\/strong> \u00e9volue selon la quantit\u00e9 command\u00e9e ou produite&nbsp;? Pourquoi une entreprise surveille-t-elle de pr\u00e8s \u00e0 quel moment chaque unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire fabriqu\u00e9e lui co\u00fbte plus cher&nbsp;? Ces interrogations vous plongent au c\u0153ur de l\u2019analyse des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/economie\">co\u00fbts en \u00e9conomie<\/a><\/strong>&nbsp;: <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong>, <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> et <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong>. Pour piloter efficacement une activit\u00e9, il est essentiel de bien distinguer ces trois notions fondamentales.<\/p>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udccc En bref<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>En \u00e9conomie, le co\u00fbt total additionne co\u00fbts fixes et variables : CT = CF + CV. Le co\u00fbt moyen (co\u00fbt unitaire) vaut CM = CT \/ Q. Le co\u00fbt marginal (une unit\u00e9 de plus) vaut Cm = \u0394CT \/ \u0394Q, soit la d\u00e9riv\u00e9e de CT. Sa courbe coupe celle du co\u00fbt moyen \u00e0 son minimum, qui marque le seuil de rentabilit\u00e9. En concurrence parfaite, le profit est maximal quand prix = co\u00fbt marginal.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"definir-le-cout-total-le-cout-moyen-et-le-cout-marginal\">D\u00e9finir le co\u00fbt total, le co\u00fbt moyen et le co\u00fbt marginal<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Qu\u2019il s\u2019agisse d\u2019une grande entreprise industrielle ou d\u2019un artisan local, tout producteur doit conna\u00eetre ses <strong>d\u00e9penses de production<\/strong>. Trois indicateurs structurent cette r\u00e9flexion&nbsp;: le <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> (somme de toutes les d\u00e9penses), le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> (co\u00fbt par unit\u00e9 produite) et le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> (co\u00fbt d\u2019une unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire). Chacun de ces concepts \u00e9claire diff\u00e9remment l\u2019impact financier d\u2019une d\u00e9cision de production. Exemples concrets \u00e0 l\u2019appui, vous verrez leur utilit\u00e9 dans la gestion quotidienne.<\/p>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Economie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS OFFERT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<p>Comprendre pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ces d\u00e9finitions permet de mieux anticiper l\u2019\u00e9volution des co\u00fbts et d\u2019optimiser la rentabilit\u00e9 d\u2019une activit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comprendre-le-cout-total-additionner-tous-les-frais\">Comprendre le co\u00fbt total : additionner tous les frais<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> d\u00e9signe l\u2019ensemble des <strong>d\u00e9penses n\u00e9cessaires<\/strong> pour fabriquer une certaine quantit\u00e9 de biens ou de services. On distingue deux grandes cat\u00e9gories :<\/p>\n\n<ul>\n  <li><strong>Co\u00fbts fixes<\/strong> : ils restent stables, quel que soit le volume produit (par exemple, un loyer mensuel ou des salaires permanents).<\/li>\n  <li><strong>Co\u00fbts variables<\/strong> : ils \u00e9voluent avec la quantit\u00e9 produite (achat de mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res, consommation d\u2019\u00e9nergie, etc.).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>On obtient donc la formule suivante\u00a0:<br \/>\n<strong>Co\u00fbt total = co\u00fbt fixe + co\u00fbt variable<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Illustrons par un cas concret&nbsp;: si un boulanger paie 1600&nbsp;euros de loyer mensuel (<strong>co\u00fbt fixe<\/strong>) et d\u00e9pense 400&nbsp;euros de farine et d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 pour produire 200 baguettes (<strong>co\u00fbt variable<\/strong>), son <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> atteint 2000&nbsp;euros.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"calculer-le-cout-moyen-ou-cout-unitaire-combien-revient-chaque-produit\">Calculer le co\u00fbt moyen ou co\u00fbt unitaire : combien revient chaque produit ?<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Pour d\u00e9terminer le <strong>co\u00fbt r\u00e9el par objet<\/strong> ou service fourni, on utilise le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong>, aussi appel\u00e9 <strong>co\u00fbt unitaire<\/strong> ou <strong>co\u00fbt total moyen<\/strong>. Il se calcule ainsi&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Co\u00fbt moyen = co\u00fbt total \/ quantit\u00e9 produite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Dans notre exemple, avec un <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> de 2000&nbsp;euros pour 200 baguettes, le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> par baguette s\u2019\u00e9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 10&nbsp;euros. Cette donn\u00e9e aide \u00e0 fixer un <strong>tarif de vente<\/strong> sup\u00e9rieur aux charges support\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n<p>L\u2019un des \u00e9l\u00e9ments essentiels du pilotage d\u2019activit\u00e9 consiste \u00e9galement \u00e0 s\u2019appuyer sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/marches-concurrence-prix\/\">l\u2019analyse des co\u00fbts de l\u2019entreprise<\/a> afin de d\u00e9gager une vision pr\u00e9cise de la structure globale des charges et des \u00e9conomies r\u00e9alisables \u00e0 chaque niveau de production.<\/p>\n\n<p>Le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> varie selon le niveau de production car les <strong>co\u00fbts fixes<\/strong> se r\u00e9partissent sur davantage d\u2019unit\u00e9s. Dans beaucoup d\u2019industries, le <strong>co\u00fbt unitaire<\/strong> diminue quand le volume produit augmente : ce sont les \u00e9conomies d\u2019\u00e9chelle.<\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"distinguer-le-cout-marginal-mesurer-leffet-dune-unite-produite-en-plus\">Distinguer le co\u00fbt marginal : mesurer l\u2019effet d\u2019une unit\u00e9 produite en plus<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> correspond au <strong>co\u00fbt d\u2019une unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire produite<\/strong>. Pour le calculer, on mesure la variation du <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> quand la production augmente d\u2019une unit\u00e9&nbsp;:<\/p>\n\n<p><strong>Co\u00fbt marginal = augmentation du co\u00fbt total \/ augmentation de la quantit\u00e9 produite<\/strong><\/p>\n\n<p>Si notre boulanger passe de 200 \u00e0 201 baguettes et que le <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> grimpe de 2000&nbsp;euros \u00e0 2012&nbsp;euros, alors le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> de la 201<sup>e<\/sup> baguette est de 12&nbsp;euros.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pourquoi s\u00e9parer <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> et <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong>&nbsp;? Parce qu\u2019une <strong>unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire<\/strong> peut mobiliser davantage de ressources (heures suppl\u00e9mentaires, achats en urgence\u2026), ce qui fait varier le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> ind\u00e9pendamment du <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong>. La forme de la <strong>courbe de co\u00fbt<\/strong> illustre ces diff\u00e9rences (Hal R. Varian, <em>Introduction \u00e0 la micro\u00e9conomie<\/em>, De Boeck).<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-calculer-le-cout-marginal-avec-la-derivee\">Comment calculer le co\u00fbt marginal avec la d\u00e9riv\u00e9e ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le co\u00fbt marginal se calcule en d\u00e9rivant le co\u00fbt total : Cm = CT\u2032(Q). Avec CT(Q) = Q\u00b2 + 10Q + 100, on obtient Cm = 2Q + 10 et CM = Q + 10 + 100 \/ Q. Pour Q = 10, les deux valent 30 euros, minimum du co\u00fbt moyen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comparer-les-couts-liens-evolution-et-utilite-dans-la-gestion\">Comparer les co\u00fbts : liens, \u00e9volution et utilit\u00e9 dans la gestion<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Lorsque la production augmente, le <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong> progresse forc\u00e9ment, mais le rythme d\u00e9pend de la r\u00e9partition entre <strong>co\u00fbts fixes<\/strong> et <strong>co\u00fbts variables<\/strong>. Le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> commence souvent \u00e9lev\u00e9, puis baisse gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la dilution des co\u00fbts fixes, avant de remonter si les co\u00fbts variables prennent le dessus. Le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> agit comme un rep\u00e8re cl\u00e9&nbsp;: tant qu\u2019il reste inf\u00e9rieur au <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong>, celui-ci continue de diminuer ; d\u00e8s qu\u2019il le d\u00e9passe, le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> repart \u00e0 la hausse.<\/p>\n\n<p>Ce m\u00e9canisme explique pourquoi les entreprises surveillent attentivement l\u2019\u00e9volution de ces diff\u00e9rents <strong>indicateurs de co\u00fbt<\/strong> pour ajuster leur strat\u00e9gie de production.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"tableau-comparatif-synthese-des-trois-concepts-cles\">Tableau comparatif&nbsp;: synth\u00e8se des trois concepts-cl\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n<table style=\"border:1px solid\">\n<thead>\n<tr style=\"border:1px solid\">\n  <th>Concept<\/th>\n  <th>D\u00e9finition<\/th>\n  <th>Formule<\/th>\n  <th>Exemple concret<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"border:1px solid\">\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt total<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Total des d\u00e9penses engag\u00e9es pour produire une quantit\u00e9<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt fixe + co\u00fbt variable<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">2000 \u20ac pour 200 baguettes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border:1px solid\">\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt moyen (unitaire)<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt par unit\u00e9 produite<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt total \/ Quantit\u00e9<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">10 \u20ac\/baguette<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"border:1px solid\">\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt marginal<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">Co\u00fbt d\u2019une unit\u00e9 produite en plus<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">(Co\u00fbt total n+1 &#8211; co\u00fbt total n)\/1<\/td>\n  <td style=\"border:1px solid\">12 \u20ac pour la 201e baguette<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"applications-concretes-et-erreurs-frequentes\">Applications concr\u00e8tes et erreurs fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>Piloter la production implique de suivre ces <strong>indicateurs de co\u00fbt<\/strong> de fa\u00e7on rigoureuse. Une entreprise ajuste ses choix selon que le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong> reste inf\u00e9rieur ou non au prix de vente. D\u00e8s que le co\u00fbt d\u2019une unit\u00e9 suppl\u00e9mentaire exc\u00e8de le gain attendu, elle pr\u00e9f\u00e8re stopper l\u2019augmentation de la production&nbsp;: c\u2019est la base pour \u00e9viter les pertes.<\/p>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Economie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/conditions-concurrence-pure-parfaite\/\">concurrence parfaite<\/a>, l\u2019entreprise produit jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que le prix \u00e9gale le co\u00fbt marginal. Avec le CT(Q) vu plus haut et un prix de 50 euros, 2Q + 10 = 50 donne Q = 20 et un profit de 300 euros. Le seuil de rentabilit\u00e9 est le minimum du co\u00fbt moyen (30 euros), le seuil de fermeture celui du co\u00fbt variable moyen.<\/p>\n\n\n<p>En pratique, les firmes adaptent leur niveau de production en se basant sur le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong>, un <strong>indicateur cl\u00e9<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"erreurs-frequentes-a-eviter\">Erreurs fr\u00e9quentes \u00e0 \u00e9viter<\/h3>\n\n\n<ul>\n  <li>Confondre <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> et <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong>&nbsp;; le second se calcule toujours \u00e0 la marge, jamais sur l\u2019ensemble.<\/li>\n  <li>Oublier d\u2019int\u00e9grer les <strong>co\u00fbts fixes<\/strong> lors du calcul du <strong>co\u00fbt total<\/strong>, ce qui fausse l\u2019\u00e9valuation r\u00e9elle des d\u00e9penses de production.<\/li>\n  <li>Penser que le <strong>co\u00fbt moyen<\/strong> demeure stable&nbsp;: il varie pourtant beaucoup selon le niveau de production et le poids des co\u00fbts fixes.<\/li>\n  <li>N\u00e9gliger l\u2019importance des <strong>co\u00fbts variables<\/strong> dans le <strong>co\u00fbt marginal<\/strong>, surtout lors d\u2019une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration rapide de la production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Comment pensez-vous que la structure des co\u00fbts pourrait \u00e9voluer dans une \u00e9conomie o\u00f9 les innovations technologiques r\u00e9duisent massivement les co\u00fbts fixes&nbsp;? Quelles cons\u00e9quences pour la strat\u00e9gie des entreprises et la fixation des prix&nbsp;?<\/p>\n\n<div style=\"line-height:1.7;margin-top:0.75rem;margin-bottom:0.25rem;letter-spacing:-0.01em\">Lire aussi \ud83d\udd0e :<br><ul><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/politique-concurrence-abus\/\" title=\"Comment la politique de la concurrence lutte-t-elle contre les ententes et les abus de position dominante ?\">Quel est le r\u00f4le de l\u2019Autorit\u00e9 de la concurrence en France ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/asymetries-information-defaillance-marche\/\" title=\"En quoi les asym\u00e9tries d\u2019information (s\u00e9lection adverse, al\u00e9a moral) sont-elles une d\u00e9faillance du march\u00e9 ?\">En quoi les asym\u00e9tries d\u2019information (s\u00e9lection adverse, al\u00e9a moral) sont-elles une d\u00e9faillance du march\u00e9 ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/monopole-position-dominante\/\" title=\"Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un monopole et comment abuse-t-il de sa position dominante ?\">Comment une entreprise peut-elle abuser de sa situation de seul vendeur sur un march\u00e9 ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fonctionnement-marche-concurrentiel\/\" title=\"Comment un march\u00e9 concurrentiel fonctionne-t-il et d\u00e9termine-t-il le prix et la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9quilibre ?\">Comment un march\u00e9 concurrentiel fonctionne-t-il et d\u00e9termine-t-il le prix et la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9quilibre ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/profit-cout-recette-marginale\/\" title=\"Comment le profit de l\u2019entreprise est-il d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le co\u00fbt marginal et la recette marginale ?\">Comment le profit de l\u2019entreprise est-il d\u00e9termin\u00e9 par le co\u00fbt marginal et la recette marginale ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courbe-offre-demande\/\" title=\"Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une courbe d\u2019offre et de demande et comment interpr\u00e9ter leurs pentes ?\">Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019une courbe d\u2019offre et de demande et comment interpr\u00e9ter leurs pentes ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/marches-imparfaitement-concurrentiels\/\" title=\"Comment les march\u00e9s imparfaitement concurrentiels (monopole, oligopole) fonctionnent-ils ?\">Comment les march\u00e9s imparfaitement concurrentiels (monopole, oligopole) fonctionnent-ils ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/defaillances-marche\/\" title=\"Quelles sont les principales d\u00e9faillances du march\u00e9 (externalit\u00e9s, biens communs, asym\u00e9tries d\u2019information) ?\">Quelles sont les principales d\u00e9faillances du march\u00e9 (externalit\u00e9s, biens communs, asym\u00e9tries d\u2019information) ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/biens-publics-communs-intervention-etat\/\" title=\"Pourquoi les biens publics et les biens communs n\u00e9cessitent-ils une intervention de l\u2019\u00c9tat ?\">Comment le comportement de passager clandestin explique-t-il la d\u00e9faillance du march\u00e9 pour les biens publics ?<\/a><\/li><li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/conditions-concurrence-pure-parfaite\/\" title=\"Quelles sont les conditions de la concurrence pure et parfaite (atomicit\u00e9, homog\u00e9n\u00e9it\u00e9, fluidit\u00e9) ?\">Que se passe-t-il si l\u2019une des conditions de la concurrence pure et parfaite n\u2019est pas respect\u00e9e ?<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"faq\">\n    <div class=\"container\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n        <div class=\"faq__title\">\n                        <h2 id=\"faq\">FAQ \u2705<\/h2>\n                    <\/div>\n         <div class=\"faq__questions\">\n                                                                             <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Qu\u2019est-ce que le co\u00fbt d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le co\u00fbt d\u2019opportunit\u00e9 est la valeur de la meilleure option abandonn\u00e9e lors d\u2019un choix, comme le salaire perdu pendant des \u00e9tudes.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Quelle diff\u00e9rence entre co\u00fbt moyen et prix moyen ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le co\u00fbt moyen est ce que co\u00fbte une unit\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019entreprise, le prix moyen ce que l\u2019acheteur paie par unit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;310714&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Co\u00fbt moyen, co\u00fbt total, co\u00fbt marginal : quelle diff\u00e9rence ?&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\ud83e\udde0 \u00c0 retenir : La diff\u00e9rence entre co\u00fbt total, co\u00fbt moyen et co\u00fbt marginal r\u00e9side dans leur impact (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":308585,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,826],"tag":[],"class_list":["post-310714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-ses-economie-esh"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=310714"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/310714\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/308585"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=310714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=310714"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=310714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}