{"id":308306,"date":"2026-04-16T11:57:19","date_gmt":"2026-04-16T09:57:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=308306"},"modified":"2026-04-28T11:26:22","modified_gmt":"2026-04-28T09:26:22","slug":"ive-republique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ive-republique\/","title":{"rendered":"La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique (1946-1958)"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul class=\"ul1\">\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Dates<\/b> : 27 octobre 1946 (Constitution) \u2192 4 octobre 1958 (promulgation de la Constitution de la V\u1d49)<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Nature du r\u00e9gime<\/b> : r\u00e9publique parlementaire o\u00f9 l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale domine l&rsquo;ex\u00e9cutif<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Caract\u00e9ristique principale<\/b> : instabilit\u00e9 minist\u00e9rielle, avec 24 gouvernements en 12 ans<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>R\u00e9ussites majeures<\/b> : reconstruction \u00e9conomique, cr\u00e9ation de la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, naissance de la construction europ\u00e9enne (CECA, CEE)<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Ce qui la fait tomber<\/b> : l&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre la guerre d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie et la crise du 13 mai 1958, qui ram\u00e8ne de Gaulle au pouvoir<\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><b>Surnom<\/b> : \u00ab la mal-aim\u00e9e \u00bb (expression de l&rsquo;historien Maurice Agulhon)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique, c&rsquo;est un peu le parent pauvre des cours d&rsquo;histoire. Tout le monde conna\u00eet la R\u00e9volution, tout le monde conna\u00eet <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/charles-de-gaulle\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"261192\">de Gaulle<\/a> et la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/5-republique\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"261568\">V\u1d49 R\u00e9publique<\/a>. Mais ce qui se passe entre 1946 et 1958 ? C&rsquo;est souvent le flou. Et pourtant, c&rsquo;est un passage incontournable pour le bac. \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En seulement 12 ans, ce r\u00e9gime reconstruit un pays d\u00e9vast\u00e9 par la guerre, pose les bases de l&rsquo;Europe, cr\u00e9e des institutions qui existent encore aujourd&rsquo;hui (S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, EDF, CEE)\u2026 et finit par s&rsquo;effondrer sous le poids de l&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 politique et de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-d-algerie\/\">guerre d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cet article, on reprend tout depuis le d\u00e9but : comment elle na\u00eet, comment elle fonctionne, ce qu&rsquo;elle r\u00e9ussit, et pourquoi elle tombe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-nait-la-iv%e1%b5%89-republique\">Comment na\u00eet la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-liberation-et-le-gprf\">La Lib\u00e9ration et le GPRF<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la Lib\u00e9ration, la France est dans un \u00e9tat catastrophique : 50 % du potentiel industriel d\u00e9truit, des infrastructures en ruines, un pays \u00e0 reconstruire de fond en comble. Le Gouvernement provisoire de la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise (GPRF), dirig\u00e9 par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle, prend les choses en main.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9formes du GPRF sont massives et posent les bases de la France d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s-guerre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nationalisations<\/strong> des secteurs cl\u00e9s : \u00e9nergie (EDF, GDF, Charbonnages de France), transports (Air France, RATP), banques et assurances<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cr\u00e9ation de la <strong>S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale<\/strong> (1945)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Droit de vote des femmes<\/strong> : elles votent pour la premi\u00e8re fois aux \u00e9lections municipales d&rsquo;avril 1945 \ud83d\uddf3\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mise en place de la <strong>planification \u00e9conomique<\/strong> (Commissariat au Plan, confi\u00e9 \u00e0 Jean Monnet)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9puration l\u00e9gale<\/strong> : les collaborateurs sont jug\u00e9s. P\u00e9tain et Laval sont condamn\u00e9s \u00e0 mort<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"de-gaulle-vs-les-partis-le-divorce\">De Gaulle vs. les partis : le divorce<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De Gaulle veut un pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif fort. Les partis politiques, eux, veulent un r\u00e9gime parlementaire o\u00f9 l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e domine. Le d\u00e9saccord est total. De Gaulle d\u00e9missionne le 20 janvier 1946. Il ne reviendra au pouvoir que 12 ans plus tard, dans des circonstances pour le moins dramatiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deux-constitutions-un-accouchement-difficile\">Deux constitutions, un accouchement difficile<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un premier projet de Constitution, tr\u00e8s favorable \u00e0 l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e, est rejet\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum en mai 1946. Un second projet, l\u00e9g\u00e8rement amend\u00e9, est adopt\u00e9 en octobre 1946\u2026 mais vraiment sans enthousiasme.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><b>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum d&rsquo;octobre 1946 est adopt\u00e9 avec 9,3 millions de oui contre 8,1 millions de non\u2026 et 8,5 millions d&rsquo;abstentions. Autrement dit, la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique na\u00eet avec le soutien d&rsquo;\u00e0 peine un tiers des inscrits. Pas exactement un pl\u00e9biscite. Un d\u00e9part fragile qui annonce la suite. \ud83d\ude2c<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<style>@media screen and (max-width: 640px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}@media screen and (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 1024px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}@media screen and (min-width: 1025px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}<\/style><div id='og_iframe' style='-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; overflow: auto;'><iframe title=\"Quiz d\u2019histoire : la 4e R\u00e9publique en France \u2694\ufe0f\" src='https:\/\/lessherpas.outgrow.us\/66d982dc1d00b315fddd67b3?custom=1' style='border: none; overflow: hidden; width:100%; height: calc(100% - 31px);' scrolling='yes' allow=\"camera *;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-fonctionne-le-regime\">Comment fonctionne le r\u00e9gime ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique est un <strong>r\u00e9gime parlementaire<\/strong> dans lequel l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale concentre l&rsquo;essentiel du pouvoir. C&rsquo;est la source de sa force d\u00e9mocratique, mais aussi de son instabilit\u00e9 chronique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2674\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2674\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Institution<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">R\u00f4le<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Mode de d\u00e9signation<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">R\u00f4le essentiellement repr\u00e9sentatif. Nomme le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil. Peut dissoudre l'Assembl\u00e9e (conditions tr\u00e8s strictes).<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c9lu par le Parlement (les deux chambres r\u00e9unies) pour 7 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Chef du gouvernement. Conduit la politique du pays au quotidien.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Propos\u00e9 par le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique, doit obtenir l'investiture de l'Assembl\u00e9e \u00e0 la majorit\u00e9 absolue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Assembl\u00e9e nationale<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Chambre basse, d\u00e9tient l'essentiel du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif. Investit et peut renverser le gouvernement.<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c9lue au suffrage universel direct pour 5 ans (scrutin proportionnel)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Conseil de la R\u00e9publique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Chambre haute, r\u00f4le consultatif uniquement (beaucoup moins puissant que le S\u00e9nat actuel).<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c9lu au suffrage indirect pour 6 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2674 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linstabilite-ministerielle-le-vrai-probleme\">L&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 minist\u00e9rielle : le vrai probl\u00e8me<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le scrutin proportionnel multiplie les partis et emp\u00eache la constitution de majorit\u00e9s stables. R\u00e9sultat : les gouvernements se font et se d\u00e9font au rythme des alliances. Le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil doit en permanence n\u00e9gocier sa survie avec une Assembl\u00e9e fragment\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les coalitions se succ\u00e8dent \u00e0 un rythme effr\u00e9n\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1946-1947 : le tripartisme.<\/strong> PCF (communistes), SFIO (socialistes) et MRP (d\u00e9mocrates-chr\u00e9tiens) gouvernent ensemble. La coalition \u00e9clate en mai 1947 quand les ministres communistes sont renvoy\u00e9s du gouvernement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1947-1951 : la Troisi\u00e8me Force.<\/strong> SFIO, MRP, radicaux et mod\u00e9r\u00e9s s&rsquo;allient contre le PCF \u00e0 gauche et le RPF gaulliste \u00e0 droite. Coalition fragile, mais qui tient.<strong>1951-1958 : glissement \u00e0 droite.<\/strong> Les majorit\u00e9s se recomposent autour du centre-droit. Pinay, Mend\u00e8s France et Guy Mollet marquent la p\u00e9riode, mais aucun ne parvient \u00e0 stabiliser durablement le r\u00e9gime.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><b>\ud83d\udca1<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p class=\"p1\">Selon une \u00e9tude de la RAND Corporation (Constantin Melnik), la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique conna\u00eet en moyenne <b>un jour de crise minist\u00e9rielle sur neuf<\/b>. Et quand il faut \u00e9lire le pr\u00e9sident Ren\u00e9 Coty en 1953, il faut six jours et treize tours de scrutin pour y arriver. L&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 n&rsquo;est pas un mythe, c&rsquo;est un m\u00e9canisme structurel du r\u00e9gime. <span class=\"s1\">\ud83e\udd2f<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-reussites-de-la-mal-aimee\">Les r\u00e9ussites de la \u00ab mal-aim\u00e9e \u00bb<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique a mauvaise r\u00e9putation. Pourtant, c&rsquo;est sous ce r\u00e9gime que la France se transforme en profondeur. Et quand on regarde le bilan, c&rsquo;est loin d&rsquo;\u00eatre honteux.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/concours-prepa.png\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/concours-prepa.png\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/concours-prepa.png\"\n                                    alt=\"Concours pr\u00e9pa\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d&rsquo;aide pour pr\u00e9parer tes contr\u00f4les d&rsquo;Histoire ? Fais appel \u00e0 l&rsquo;un de nos Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-reconstruction-economique\">La reconstruction \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce au plan Marshall (aide am\u00e9ricaine) et \u00e0 la planification de Jean Monnet, la France se reconstruit \u00e0 un rythme spectaculaire. La production industrielle retrouve son niveau d&rsquo;avant-guerre d\u00e8s 1947, puis le d\u00e9passe largement. C&rsquo;est le d\u00e9but des <strong>Trente Glorieuses<\/strong>, une p\u00e9riode de croissance \u00e9conomique forte et continue qui durera jusqu&rsquo;en 1973. \ud83d\udcc8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;emprunt Pinay de 1952, index\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;or et d\u00e9fiscalis\u00e9, r\u00e9tablit la confiance des \u00e9pargnants et freine l&rsquo;inflation. Un coup de ma\u00eetre qui fait date.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-construction-europeenne\">La construction europ\u00e9enne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;une des grandes r\u00e9ussites de la p\u00e9riode, et on l&rsquo;oublie souvent. La France est \u00e0 l&rsquo;initiative de deux projets fondateurs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>CECA<\/strong> (Communaut\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne du charbon et de l&rsquo;acier) en 1951, imagin\u00e9e par Jean Monnet et Robert Schuman<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>CEE<\/strong> (Communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique europ\u00e9enne), cr\u00e9\u00e9e par le <strong>trait\u00e9 de Rome<\/strong> le 25 mars 1957, qui r\u00e9unit six pays et pose les bases de l&rsquo;actuelle Union europ\u00e9enne \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-modernisation-sociale\">La modernisation sociale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9formes sociales de la Lib\u00e9ration, confirm\u00e9es par la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique, transforment la vie quotidienne des Fran\u00e7ais : S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, allocations familiales, extension du droit du travail.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>L&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 qui favorise la modernisation<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, EDF, GDF, la RATP, Air France, le Commissariat au Plan et la CEE : toutes ces institutions naissent sous le GPRF ou la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique. Certaines existent encore aujourd&rsquo;hui. L&rsquo;historien Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Revel a m\u00eame sugg\u00e9r\u00e9 que l&rsquo;instabilit\u00e9 gouvernementale avait paradoxalement favoris\u00e9 la modernisation : les hauts fonctionnaires (Monnet, Schuman) pouvaient travailler dans la dur\u00e9e, m\u00eame quand les gouvernements tombaient. Pas b\u00eate comme analyse.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ce-qui-fait-tomber-la-iv%e1%b5%89-republique\">Ce qui fait tomber la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-guerre-dindochine-1946-1954\">La guerre d&rsquo;Indochine (1946-1954)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s d\u00e9cembre 1946, le Vi\u00eat-minh de H\u00f4 Chi Minh se soul\u00e8ve contre la pr\u00e9sence fran\u00e7aise. La guerre dure huit ans et se termine par la d\u00e9faite de <strong>Di\u00ean Bi\u00ean Phu<\/strong> (7 mai 1954), un v\u00e9ritable choc national. Pierre Mend\u00e8s France, nomm\u00e9 pr\u00e9sident du Conseil en juin 1954, n\u00e9gocie les accords de Gen\u00e8ve et met fin au conflit. Mais le traumatisme colonial est profond.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-guerre-dalgerie-1954-1962-lengrenage-fatal\">La guerre d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie (1954-1962) : l&rsquo;engrenage fatal<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 1\u1d49\u02b3 novembre 1954, le FLN (Front de lib\u00e9ration nationale) lance une s\u00e9rie d&rsquo;attentats en Alg\u00e9rie. C&rsquo;est la \u00ab Toussaint rouge \u00bb. La France s&rsquo;enlise dans un conflit qui divise profond\u00e9ment le pays : partisans de l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie fran\u00e7aise contre partisans de la n\u00e9gociation, arm\u00e9e contre pouvoir civil, opinion m\u00e9tropolitaine contre colons.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les gouvernements successifs sont incapables de trancher. Guy Mollet, pr\u00e9sident du Conseil de janvier 1956 \u00e0 mai 1957 (le gouvernement le plus long de la IV\u1d49), donne les pleins pouvoirs au g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Massu pour mener la \u00ab bataille d&rsquo;Alger \u00bb. Mais les r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur la torture discr\u00e9ditent le pouvoir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-13-mai-1958-la-chute\">Le 13 mai 1958 : la chute<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 13 mai 1958, des partisans de l&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie fran\u00e7aise prennent d&rsquo;assaut le b\u00e2timent du gouvernement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00e0 Alger. Un comit\u00e9 de salut public est cr\u00e9\u00e9. La France est au bord de la guerre civile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 15 mai, de Gaulle fait savoir qu&rsquo;il est \u00ab pr\u00eat \u00e0 assumer les pouvoirs de la R\u00e9publique \u00bb. Le 1\u1d49\u02b3 juin, il est investi pr\u00e9sident du Conseil par l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale. Le 28 septembre, les Fran\u00e7ais approuvent par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum (\u00e0 pr\u00e8s de 80 %) une nouvelle Constitution. Le 4 octobre 1958, la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique prend officiellement fin. Rideau. \ud83c\udfad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2675\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2675\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Date<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">\u00c9v\u00e9nement<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ao\u00fbt 1944<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lib\u00e9ration de Paris, installation du GPRF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Octobre 1945<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Rejet de la III\u1d49 R\u00e9publique par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum, premier vote des femmes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Janvier 1946<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">D\u00e9mission de de Gaulle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Octobre 1946<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Adoption de la Constitution de la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Janvier 1947<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00c9lection de Vincent Auriol, premier pr\u00e9sident de la IV\u1d49<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mai 1947<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Renvoi des ministres communistes \u2192 fin du tripartisme<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1948<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">La France b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie du plan Marshall<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1951<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Cr\u00e9ation de la CECA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mars 1952<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Antoine Pinay pr\u00e9sident du Conseil \u2192 r\u00e9tablit la confiance \u00e9conomique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mai 1954<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">D\u00e9faite de Di\u00ean Bi\u00ean Phu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Juin 1954<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Mend\u00e8s France pr\u00e9sident du Conseil \u2192 accords de Gen\u00e8ve<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-13\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Novembre 1954<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00ab Toussaint rouge \u00bb \u2192 d\u00e9but de la guerre d'Alg\u00e9rie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-14\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mars 1957<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Trait\u00e9 de Rome \u2192 cr\u00e9ation de la CEE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-15\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">13 mai 1958<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Insurrection d'Alger<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-16\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1\u1d49\u02b3 juin 1958<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">De Gaulle investi pr\u00e9sident du Conseil<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-17\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">28 septembre 1958<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum \u2192 adoption de la Constitution de la V\u1d49 R\u00e9publique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-18\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">4 octobre 1958<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fin officielle de la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2675 from cache -->\n\n\n<section class=\"faq\">\n    <div class=\"container\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n        <div class=\"faq__title\">\n                        <h2 id=\"faq\">FAQ<\/h2>\n                    <\/div>\n         <div class=\"faq__questions\">\n                                                                             <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Pourquoi la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique est-elle instable ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Le scrutin proportionnel multiplie les partis \u00e0 l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale, ce qui emp\u00eache la constitution de majorit\u00e9s stables. Le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil doit en permanence n\u00e9gocier sa survie avec des coalitions fragiles. Le droit de dissolution existe mais ses conditions sont si restrictives qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est utilis\u00e9 qu&rsquo;une seule fois (en 1955). R\u00e9sultat : 24 gouvernements en 12 ans.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Quelles sont les r\u00e9ussites de la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Malgr\u00e9 son instabilit\u00e9, la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique reconstruit l&rsquo;\u00e9conomie fran\u00e7aise (d\u00e9but des Trente Glorieuses), cr\u00e9e la S\u00e9curit\u00e9 sociale, nationalise les secteurs strat\u00e9giques, et lance la construction europ\u00e9enne avec la CECA (1951) et la CEE (trait\u00e9 de Rome, 1957). C&rsquo;est aussi sous ce r\u00e9gime que les femmes votent pour la premi\u00e8re fois.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Qui sont les pr\u00e9sidents de la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Deux pr\u00e9sidents se succ\u00e8dent : Vincent Auriol (1947-1954) et Ren\u00e9 Coty (1954-1958). Leur r\u00f4le est essentiellement repr\u00e9sentatif. Le vrai pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif est entre les mains du pr\u00e9sident du Conseil.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Quel est le r\u00f4le de la guerre d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie dans la chute du r\u00e9gime ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>La guerre d&rsquo;Alg\u00e9rie (1954-1962) est la cause directe de l&rsquo;effondrement de la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique. L&rsquo;incapacit\u00e9 des gouvernements successifs \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre le conflit provoque la crise du 13 mai 1958 \u00e0 Alger, qui ram\u00e8ne de Gaulle au pouvoir et conduit \u00e0 l&rsquo;adoption d&rsquo;une nouvelle Constitution fondant la V\u1d49 R\u00e9publique.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Pourquoi la IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique est-elle surnomm\u00e9e \u00ab la mal-aim\u00e9e \u00bb ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>L&rsquo;expression vient de l&rsquo;historien Maurice Agulhon. La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique souffre d&rsquo;une image n\u00e9gative li\u00e9e \u00e0 son instabilit\u00e9 minist\u00e9rielle et \u00e0 son \u00e9chec colonial. Pourtant, son bilan \u00e9conomique et social est consid\u00e9rable : c&rsquo;est sous ce r\u00e9gime que la France entre dans la modernit\u00e9 d&rsquo;apr\u00e8s-guerre.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;308306&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique (1946-1958)&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La IV\u1d49 R\u00e9publique, c\u2019est un peu le parent pauvre des cours d\u2019histoire. Tout le monde conna\u00eet la R\u00e9volution, (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":308309,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[],"class_list":["post-308306","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308306","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=308306"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/308306\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/308309"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=308306"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=308306"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=308306"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}