{"id":302685,"date":"2025-02-06T13:03:00","date_gmt":"2025-02-06T12:03:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=302685"},"modified":"2025-11-26T18:12:20","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T17:12:20","slug":"impact-environnement-ia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/impact-environnement-ia\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019empreinte cach\u00e9e de l\u2019IA : pourquoi ces mod\u00e8les polluent la plan\u00e8te ? \ud83c\udf0d"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tu as s\u00fbrement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu que l\u2019IA consomme beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Derri\u00e8re chaque requ\u00eate ChatGPT ou chaque image g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e, il y a <strong>des data centers \u00e9nergivores, des entra\u00eenements de mod\u00e8les polluants et l\u2019extraction de m\u00e9taux rares<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet article va t\u2019explique<strong>r l\u2019impact environnemental de l\u2019IA<\/strong>,et explorer les <strong>solutions possibles.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi l\u2019IA consomme-t-elle autant d\u2019\u00e9nergie ? \ud83d\udd0b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA repose sur <strong>d\u2019immenses centres de donn\u00e9es (data centers)<\/strong>, qui tournent en continu pour effectuer des <strong>calculs hyper complexes<\/strong>. Le souci, c\u2019est que ces infrastructures sont <strong>extr\u00eamement gourmandes en \u00e9nergie<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pour te donner une id\u00e9e, <\/span><b>un data center de 10 000 m\u00b2<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> consomme <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opera-energie.com\/consommation-energie-datacenter\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>autant d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 qu\u2019une ville de 50 000 habitants<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Cette demande \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique massive pose de <\/span><b>grands d\u00e9fis environnementaux<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et soul\u00e8ve la question de la durabilit\u00e9 des technologies d\u2019IA.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce qui explique cela ? \ud83d\udccc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Des <strong>serveurs qui tournent 24h\/24<\/strong> pour traiter d\u2019\u00e9normes quantit\u00e9s de donn\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les <strong>calculs complexes<\/strong> des IA n\u00e9cessitent une puissance colossale.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Des <strong>syst\u00e8mes de secours<\/strong> (batteries, g\u00e9n\u00e9rateurs) assurent une alimentation constante.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media1.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExbzRrbDhjc2xvazZ1ZmQ3am4xeDExd3I4MmxtZ21kNmd1dzJjNHAxcyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/l1J9KmWn8C0yei5fW\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"gif de data center\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca7 L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 n\u2019est pas le seul probl\u00e8me : ces infrastructures <strong>d\u00e9gagent<\/strong> <strong>beaucoup de chaleur<\/strong> et n\u00e9cessitent un<strong> refroidissement intensif (donc beaucoup d\u2019eau)<\/strong>. Certains centres utilisent <strong>jusqu&#8217;\u00e0 600 000 m\u00e8tres cubes d\u2019eau par an<\/strong>, soit environ <a href=\"https:\/\/greenly.earth\/blog\/secteurs\/quelle-est-l-empreinte-carbone-d-un-data-center\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>6,5 piscines olympiques chaque jour<\/strong><\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Plus l\u2019IA devient performante, plus elle demande d\u2019\u00e9nergie et de ressources<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/big-data-ia\/\"><b>Le Big Data et son rapport \u00e0 l\u2019IA<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un impact environnemental alarmant \ud83d\udea8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019empreinte \u00e9cologique de l\u2019IA ne se limite pas \u00e0 sa consommation d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcca Des chiffres qui font froid dans le dos<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA, loin d\u2019\u00eatre immat\u00e9rielle, g\u00e9n\u00e8re une <strong>empreinte carbone consid\u00e9rable<\/strong>. Quelques faits marquants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Chaque mois, une IA comme ChatGPT g\u00e9n\u00e8re plus de <strong>260 930 kilogrammes de CO\u2082<\/strong>, soit l\u2019\u00e9quivalent des \u00e9missions carbone de <a href=\"https:\/\/www.emergingtechbrew.com\/stories\/2025\/01\/16\/chatgpt-co2-knownhost-study\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>260 vols entre New York et Londres<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les data centers repr\u00e9sentent environ <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iea.org\/energy-system\/buildings\/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>1,3 % de la consommation mondiale d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9<\/strong><\/a><strong>, et ce chiffre ne fait que monter. <\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019industrie de l\u2019IA est responsable d\u2019une <a href=\"https:\/\/reporterre.net\/Data-centers-leur-consommation-d-eau-va-exploser\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>hausse exponentielle de la demande en eau<\/strong><\/a> pour refroidir les serveurs.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Avec la hausse d\u2019utilisation des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-generative-creation-contenu\/\">IA g\u00e9n\u00e9ratives<\/a><\/strong> comme ChatGPT ou Gemini, <strong>cette empreinte carbone devient de plus en plus grande.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcf1 L\u2019impact environnemental personnel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu pourrais croire que poser une question \u00e0 une IA est un geste anodin, mais chaque interaction a un <strong>vrai co\u00fbt \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les chiffres : \ud83d\udd22<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Une requ\u00eate de 400 tokens (300-400 mots) sur ChatGPT consomme environ <strong>2 Wh <\/strong>(watt-heure) d&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 , soit 2 g de CO2. <strong>Cette consommation est plus de six fois sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 celle d&#8217;une recherche Google classique<\/strong>, estim\u00e9e \u00e0 0,3 Wh.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G\u00e9n\u00e9rer une image ou une vid\u00e9o<\/strong> avec l\u2019IA consomme encore plus : <strong>une<\/strong> <strong>image <\/strong>en haute d\u00e9finition consomme autant que<strong> la recharge compl\u00e8te d\u2019un portable.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 \u00c0 grande \u00e9chelle, ces chiffres deviennent vertigineux. Si demain tout le monde rempla\u00e7ait Google par ChatGPT,<strong> l\u2019empreinte carbone d\u2019Internet exploserait<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udfed La fabrication des puces<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Derri\u00e8re chaque mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA, il y a du <strong>mat\u00e9riel physique<\/strong>, comme les <strong>puces informatiques (GPU)<\/strong>. Elles sont tr\u00e8s utilis\u00e9es dans les data centers, mais aussi dans les applications, les ordis, les portables\u2026 <strong>Elles sont fabriqu\u00e9es avec des<\/strong> <strong>m\u00e9taux rares<\/strong> comme le <strong>lithium <\/strong>ou le <strong>cobalt<\/strong>, tr\u00e8s demand\u00e9s par le secteur technologique, mais aussi par les technologies d\u2019\u00e9nergie propre (<em>clean energy<\/em>).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les probl\u00e8mes : \u274c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019extraction des min\u00e9raux peut entra\u00eener des <a href=\"https:\/\/www.wri.org\/insights\/how-mining-impacts-forests\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>cons\u00e9quences environnementales graves<\/strong><\/a>, telles que <strong>la d\u00e9forestation, la destruction des habitats, la d\u00e9gradation des sols et la pollution de l&#8217;eau.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La production de GPU requiert une <strong>grande quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau<\/strong> et g\u00e9n\u00e8re une <a href=\"https:\/\/ecotopie.fr\/numerique-responsable\/pollution-dun-ordinateur-anatomie-dun-desastre-ecologique-et-social\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>pollution chimique<\/strong><\/a><strong> consid\u00e9rable<\/strong>. Cela est \u00e9galement li\u00e9 \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique des d\u00e9chets \u00e9lectroniques (<em>e-waste<\/em>), un autre d\u00e9fi environnemental majeur.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><b>Cette extraction a aussi des cons\u00e9quences humaines<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : les travailleurs des mines sont expos\u00e9s \u00e0 des<\/span><b> conditions dangereuses<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, respirant des<\/span><b> poussi\u00e8res toxique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">s qui peuvent affecter leur sant\u00e9 \u00e0 long terme.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Loin d\u2019\u00eatre &#8220;virtuelle&#8221;, l\u2019IA a donc un <strong>co\u00fbt \u00e9cologique bien r\u00e9el<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/deep-learning\/\"><b>Le Deep Learning : le moteur de l\u2019IA<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment rendre l\u2019IA plus verte ? \ud83c\udf31<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Face aux enjeux environnementaux, plusieurs solutions \u00e9mergent pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019empreinte carbone de l\u2019IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\udeb6 All\u00e9ger les algorithmes sans perdre en performance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019un des principaux leviers pour r\u00e9duire l\u2019impact \u00e9cologique de l\u2019IA est d\u2019<strong>optimiser les mod\u00e8les eux-m\u00eames<\/strong>. Plusieurs strat\u00e9gies sont possibles :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Quantification<\/strong> : une technique qui r\u00e9duit la pr\u00e9cision des calculs sans perte significative de qualit\u00e9, ce qui diminue la charge de calcul.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong><em>Pruning<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>(\u00e9lagage) : supprimer les connexions inutiles dans un r\u00e9seau neuronal, et les comprimer pour le rendre plus rapide et moins gourmand en \u00e9nergie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Distillation de mod\u00e8les<\/strong> : entra\u00eener un petit mod\u00e8le \u00e0 partir d\u2019un grand pour <strong>obtenir une IA plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re<\/strong> tout en conservant ses capacit\u00e9s essentielles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media4.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdnk1aHVueWZ3MXN1ajZzbzM0ZHJkb2hwOHBwN3Uwa2dsM2V1aGpraCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/26hkhHMHwnnUqL8TC\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Will Ferrell qui dit &quot;strategy&quot;\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u26a1 R\u00e9volutionner l\u2019infrastructure&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comment limiter l&#8217;\u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e par les data centers ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c9nergies renouvelables et data centers<em> <\/em>\u00e9cologiques \ud83c\udf1e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Certaines entreprises, comme Google ou Microsoft, investissent massivement dans des <strong>centres de donn\u00e9es aliment\u00e9s par des \u00e9nergies renouvelables<\/strong> (solaire, \u00e9olien, hydraulique).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Google<\/strong> annonce que ses centres fonctionneront \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/datacenters.google\/operating-sustainably\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>100 % en \u00e9nergies renouvelables d\u2019ici 2030<\/strong><\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Microsoft<\/strong> exp\u00e9rimente avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/news.microsoft.com\/features\/under-the-sea-microsoft-tests-a-datacenter-thats-quick-to-deploy-could-provide-internet-connectivity-for-years\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>data center sous-marin<\/strong><\/a> pour <strong>r\u00e9duire les besoins en climatisation<\/strong> et \u00e9conomiser de l\u2019eau.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><b>La limite<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">M\u00eame avec ces avanc\u00e9es, les besoins en \u00e9nergie continuent d\u2019augmenter. Ces solutions doivent \u00eatre combin\u00e9es avec une r\u00e9elle r\u00e9duction de la consommation des mod\u00e8les eux-m\u00eames.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/histoire-ia\/\"><b>L\u2019histoire de l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udca7 Refroidissement et \u00e9conomie d\u2019eau&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>L\u2019enjeu ?<\/strong> Trouver des alternatives aux <strong>millions de litres d\u2019eau<\/strong> utilis\u00e9s pour refroidir les serveurs, surtout dans les r\u00e9gions arides.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les solutions en cours :&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.gigabyte.com\/Solutions\/immersion-cooling\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Refroidissement par immersion<\/strong><\/a> : certaines entreprises immergent leurs serveurs dans des liquides sp\u00e9ciaux qui dissipent la chaleur <strong>sans n\u00e9cessiter d\u2019eau<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.telehouse.fr\/blog-fr\/le-free-cooling-en-data-center\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Refroidissement par air ext\u00e9rieur<\/strong><\/a> : certains data centers exploitent le<strong> froid naturel pour se passer de climatisation artificielle<\/strong>. (Il faut \u00eatre dans une zone g\u00e9ographique froide !)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr\/pays-de-la-loire\/loire-atlantique\/nantes\/la-difficulte-c-est-de-faire-changer-les-mentalites-ils-ont-mis-au-point-un-data-center-flottant-qui-ne-consomme-pas-d-eau-pour-son-refroidissement-3121114.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Data center flottant<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>: une entreprise fran\u00e7aise propose un data center qui flotte, et qui ne d\u00e9pense pas d\u2019eau pour son refroidissement.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83e\udde0 Les IA \u00e0 faible consommation ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 la surconsommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des mod\u00e8les g\u00e9ants comme GPT-4, certaines entreprises d\u00e9veloppent des <strong>IA plus l\u00e9g\u00e8res et \u00e9conomes en \u00e9nergie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.roboto.fr\/blog\/centre-de-donn-es-vert-de-mistral-ai-en-france-vers-une-ia-cologiquement-responsable\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Mistral AI<\/strong><\/a>, une start-up fran\u00e7aise, mise sur des mod\u00e8les plus compacts et optimis\u00e9s, capables de rivaliser avec les g\u00e9ants de l\u2019IA tout en r\u00e9duisant leur empreinte carbone.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Des technologies comme TinyML et IA embarqu\u00e9e<\/strong> permettent d&#8217;ex\u00e9cuter des mod\u00e8les d&#8217;IA directement sur des appareils (smartphones, microcontr\u00f4leurs) sans passer par des data centers. Cela r\u00e9duit la consommation d&#8217;\u00e9nergie, acc\u00e9l\u00e8re les r\u00e9ponses et am\u00e9liore la confidentialit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es en \u00e9vitant un traitement \u00e0 distance (qui g\u00e9n\u00e8re plus d&#8217;\u00e9nergie).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExd202ZGd4OXUxczk5dzFpeG84YXhkOTJ0YzV3ZWJxMWx3bWdrZGZidyZlcD12MV9naWZzX3NlYXJjaCZjdD1n\/Kthj74Ji9JaZ2Wwkei\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"&quot;welcome to the future&quot;\" style=\"width:407px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/limites-ia\/\"><b>Tout sur les limites actuelles de l\u2019IA<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcdc R\u00e9gulation et responsabilit\u00e9 des entreprises<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9gulation gouvernementale <\/strong>est n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9viter une<strong> explosion incontr\u00f4l\u00e9e de la consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des IA <\/strong>et garantir un usage responsable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcca Des normes environnementales pour encadrer l\u2019IA<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne pr\u00e9pare des obligations de transparence<\/strong> via l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu\/en\/policies\/regulatory-framework-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>AI Act<\/strong><\/a>, imposant aux entreprises de publier des donn\u00e9es sur :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La consommation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique et les \u00e9missions carbone des mod\u00e8les.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019impact sur la consommation d\u2019eau des data centers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>L\u2019objectif ?<\/strong> Forcer les entreprises \u00e0 optimiser leurs mod\u00e8les plut\u00f4t que de chercher la puissance \u00e0 tout prix. <strong>Une r\u00e9glementation europ\u00e9enne <\/strong>\u00e9viterait aussi que les entreprises <strong>ne d\u00e9localisent leurs data centers <\/strong>vers des pays moins stricts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf0d <strong>Et au niveau international ?<\/strong> Pour l\u2019instant, la r\u00e9gulation mondiale reste <strong>timide et in\u00e9gale<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZXRhdmY3aHZuOWhvd2czZ3praDI3dGhwNm1ncTNmeHRrdG5wYTFucCZlcD12MV9naWZzX3NlYXJjaCZjdD1n\/20JH4xNpPU4pirvMW9\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Soldat qui dit &quot;how wonderfully bureaucratic&quot;\" style=\"width:453px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udce2 Exiger plus de transparence sur l\u2019empreinte des mod\u00e8les<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, <strong>peu d\u2019entreprises communiquent sur la pollution g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e par leurs IA, <\/strong>rendant leur impact difficile \u00e0 mesurer. La solution serait de les obliger \u00e0 publier un <strong>bilan carbone de leurs IA<\/strong>, comme dans l\u2019industrie automobile ou chimique, en instaurant :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Un bilan carbone obligatoire<\/strong> pour chaque mod\u00e8le d\u2019IA mis sur le march\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Un <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lecho.be\/entreprises\/technologie\/creer-un-label-energetique-pour-l-intelligence-artificielle\/10292029.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>label &#8220;IA verte&#8221;<\/strong><\/a>, classant les mod\u00e8les <strong>en fonction de leur efficacit\u00e9 \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/strong>, \u00e0 l\u2019image des \u00e9tiquettes sur les appareils \u00e9lectrom\u00e9nagers.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-vol-donnees\/\"><b>L\u2019IA et le vol de donn\u00e9es<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcb0 Taxer les IA polluantes ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une autre solution de r\u00e9gulation serait de proposer une <strong>taxe carbone num\u00e9rique<\/strong>, qui p\u00e9naliserait les mod\u00e8les les plus \u00e9nergivores.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Avantages<\/strong> : r\u00e9duction de la pollution num\u00e9rique et incitation \u00e0 l\u2019optimisation.<br>\u274c <strong>Risques<\/strong> : frein \u00e0 l\u2019innovation pour les petites entreprises, et d\u00e9localisation des entra\u00eenements des grandes entreprises vers des pays moins r\u00e9gul\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p><b>Besoin d\u2019un coup de pouce pour tes \u00e9tudes ? Prends un cours particulier avec l\u2019un de nos profs Sherpas !<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert \ud83c\udf81\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf3f Conclusion : l\u2019IA peut-elle vraiment \u00eatre \u00e9coresponsable ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019intelligence artificielle est une avanc\u00e9e majeure, mais <strong>son impact \u00e9cologique ne peut plus \u00eatre ignor\u00e9<\/strong>. Si des solutions \u00e9mergent (IA plus l\u00e9g\u00e8re, infrastructures optimis\u00e9es, r\u00e9gulation) elles resteront insuffisantes sans un <strong>changement profond des pratiques<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd2e L\u2019avenir de l\u2019IA d\u00e9pend des <strong>choix faits aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong> par les chercheurs, les entreprises et les gouvernements\u2026 mais aussi <strong>par chacun de nous<\/strong> ! Si chaque requ\u00eate sur ChatGPT consomme plus d\u2019\u00e9nergie que sur Google, il faut faire attention \u00e0 notre impact individuel. <strong>Adopter une utilisation plus raisonn\u00e9e des outils num\u00e9riques fait aussi partie de la solution !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Envie de<strong> mieux comprendre ces enjeux<\/strong> et d\u2019explorer d\u2019autres sujets passionnants ? <strong>Chez les Sherpas, <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\"><strong>nos profs particuliers<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>sont l\u00e0 pour t\u2019accompagner dans toutes tes \u00e9tudes ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"faq\">\n    <div class=\"container\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n        <div class=\"faq__title\">\n                        <h2>\u2705 Les questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n                    <\/div>\n         <div class=\"faq__questions\">\n                                                                             <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Est-ce que l\u2019IA peut aussi faire partie des solutions pour aider l\u2019environnement ? <\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019IA pourrait agir de mani\u00e8re positive de plusieurs mani\u00e8res :\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Optimisation \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : am\u00e9lioration de la gestion de la consommation \u00e9lectrique.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>R\u00e9duction des d\u00e9chets<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : limitation du gaspillage alimentaire et optimisation logistique.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Lutte contre les catastrophes naturelles<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> : anticipation plus pr\u00e9cise des crises climatiques.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><b>Mais pour que l\u2019IA contribue r\u00e9ellement \u00e0 la transition \u00e9cologique, elle doit \u00eatre con\u00e7ue et utilis\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re responsable.<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;302685&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019empreinte cach\u00e9e de l\u2019IA : pourquoi ces mod\u00e8les polluent la plan\u00e8te ? \ud83c\udf0d&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tu as s\u00fbrement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu que l\u2019IA consomme beaucoup d\u2019\u00e9nergie. Derri\u00e8re chaque requ\u00eate ChatGPT ou chaque image g\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9e, (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":371,"featured_media":302686,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[895,122],"tag":[773],"class_list":["post-302685","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-et-societe","category-lifestyle","tag-intelligence-artificielle"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302685","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/371"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302685"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302685\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302686"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302685"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=302685"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=302685"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}