{"id":302652,"date":"2025-03-11T22:52:43","date_gmt":"2025-03-11T21:52:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=302652"},"modified":"2025-04-02T11:10:02","modified_gmt":"2025-04-02T09:10:02","slug":"ia-reconnaissance-images","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-reconnaissance-images\/","title":{"rendered":"Comment fonctionne la reconnaissance d\u2019images par l\u2019IA ? \ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>As-tu d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 la<strong> reconnaissance faciale <\/strong>sur ton t\u00e9l\u00e9phone ou vu une IA<strong> identifier un animal <\/strong>sur une photo ? Derri\u00e8re ces petites prouesses technologiques se cache un domaine fascinant de l\u2019intelligence artificielle : la <strong>reconnaissance d\u2019images<\/strong>. Mais comment l\u2019IA arrive-t-elle \u00e0 <strong>interpr\u00e9ter une image <\/strong>et \u00e0 y voir ce que nous voyons nous-m\u00eames ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, on plonge dans les coulisses de cette technologie qui r\u00e9volutionne de nombreux domaines. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la reconnaissance d\u2019images ? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finition et principe de base<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La reconnaissance d\u2019images, c\u2019est tout simplement<strong> la capacit\u00e9 d\u2019une IA \u00e0 analyser et comprendre une image<\/strong>, un peu comme ton cerveau le fait sans m\u00eame que tu y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chisses. \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrairement \u00e0 nous, qui avons des yeux et une perception inn\u00e9e du monde, l\u2019IA repose sur des <strong>algorithmes<\/strong> et des <strong>mod\u00e8les d\u2019apprentissage automatique<\/strong> pour donner du sens aux <strong>pixels <\/strong>qui composent une image. Elle apprend \u00e0 <strong>reconna\u00eetre des formes<\/strong>, des couleurs, des motifs et m\u00eame des visages en s\u2019appuyant sur<strong> d\u2019\u00e9normes bases de donn\u00e9es d\u2019images annot\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pourquoi est-ce un d\u00e9fi pour une IA ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 premi\u00e8re vue, on pourrait se dire : <em>&#8220;Facile, il suffit de comparer l\u2019image \u00e0 une base de donn\u00e9es d\u2019images connues !&#8221; <\/em>Mais en r\u00e9alit\u00e9, la t\u00e2che est bien plus complexe. \ud83d\ude35<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Une m\u00eame chose peut appara\u00eetre sous des formes diff\u00e9rentes<\/strong> : une chaise vue de face n\u2019a pas du tout la m\u00eame silhouette qu\u2019une chaise vue de profil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les conditions de lumi\u00e8re influencent l\u2019image<\/strong> : un m\u00eame visage peut sembler tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent selon l\u2019\u00e9clairage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les angles et perspectives varient<\/strong> : un objet photographi\u00e9 sous un certain angle peut para\u00eetre totalement m\u00e9connaissable sous un autre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le bruit visuel peut perturber l\u2019IA<\/strong> : un flou, une ombre ou un fond trop charg\u00e9 peuvent compliquer la d\u00e9tection.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Bref, l\u2019IA doit apprendre \u00e0 <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9raliser ses connaissances<\/strong> et \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre un m\u00eame objet sous toutes ses formes possibles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les bases techniques de la reconnaissance d\u2019images \u2699\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour comprendre comment l\u2019IA reconna\u00eet une image, il faut <strong>conna\u00eetre les algorithmes qui la rendent possible<\/strong>. Les plus utilis\u00e9s sont ceux du <strong><em>machine learning<\/em><\/strong> et du <strong><em>deep learning<\/em><\/strong>, en particulier les<strong> r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutionnels (CNN)<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><b><i>Machine learning <\/i><\/b><b>vs <\/b><b><i>deep learning<\/i><\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le <\/span><b>machine learning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> permet aux algorithmes d\u2019apprendre \u00e0 partir de donn\u00e9es. <strong>Le<\/strong> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/deep-learning\/\"><b>deep learning<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, une des sous-cat\u00e9gories du <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">machine learning<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, utilise des r\u00e9seaux de neurones pour traiter des donn\u00e9es complexes.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les algorithmes d\u2019apprentissage automatique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour qu\u2019une IA reconnaisse une image, il lui faut <strong>apprendre<\/strong>. Mais contrairement \u00e0 toi qui peux reconna\u00eetre un chat sans jamais avoir \u00e9tudi\u00e9 la zoologie, une IA a <strong>besoin de voir des<\/strong> <strong>milliers, voire des millions d\u2019images<\/strong> pour devenir performante. Elle peut apprendre de trois fa\u00e7ons :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019apprentissage supervis\u00e9 : <\/strong>l\u2019IA apprend en analysant une base de donn\u00e9es d&#8217;images annot\u00e9es. Avec le temps, elle reconna\u00eet les caract\u00e9ristiques communes (forme des oreilles, couleur du pelage).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019apprentissage non supervis\u00e9 : <\/strong>sans \u00e9tiquette, l\u2019IA rep\u00e8re des motifs et regroupe les images similaires, mais sans savoir ce qu\u2019elles repr\u00e9sentent exactement.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019apprentissage par renforcement : <\/strong>l\u2019IA apprend par essais et erreurs, s\u2019ajustant pour am\u00e9liorer ses pr\u00e9dictions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExNjFub2RobXp2bjNtNTBkY3NldXpzbm9qa2NtdXB2ZGZuMDI5a2Q3aiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/vnDNkV31BWn0IL6izU\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"&quot;just unlearning and relearning&quot;\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L&#8217;IA en entra\u00eenement<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les r\u00e9seaux de neurones convolutionnels (CNN)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu entends parler de reconnaissance d\u2019images, tu vas forc\u00e9ment entendre parler de <strong>CNN (<\/strong><strong><em>Convolutional Neural Networks<\/em><\/strong><strong>)<\/strong>. Ce sont des <strong>r\u00e9seaux de neurones artificiels sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s dans l\u2019analyse d\u2019images<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais pourquoi sont-ils si efficaces ? Parce qu\u2019ils sont<strong> capables de traiter une image en plusieurs couches successives<\/strong>, un peu comme ton cerveau le ferait ! \ud83e\udd2f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les filtres<\/strong> \ud83d\udd0d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Un CNN commence par <strong>appliquer des<\/strong> <strong>filtres<\/strong> \u00e0 une image.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ces filtres permettent d\u2019extraire des caract\u00e9ristiques de base : bords, contrastes, textures\u2026<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Les couches de convolution<\/strong> \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Apr\u00e8s les filtres, l\u2019IA applique plusieurs <strong>couches de convolution<\/strong> qui analysent l\u2019image de mani\u00e8re hi\u00e9rarchique.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u2019abord, elle d\u00e9tecte des formes simples (lignes, courbes).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ensuite, elle rep\u00e8re des motifs plus complexes (oreilles d\u2019un chien, nez d\u2019un chat).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Enfin, elle rassemble toutes ces informations pour comprendre l\u2019image dans son ensemble.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La classification finale<\/strong> \ud83c\udfaf<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Une fois toutes les caract\u00e9ristiques extraites, l\u2019IA envoie les r\u00e9sultats dans une couche de <strong>classification<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ici, chaque image re\u00e7oit un <strong>score<\/strong> pour chaque cat\u00e9gorie possible.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019IA pr\u00e9dit alors la classe la plus probable : <em>\u201cchien\u201d \u00e0 95 %, \u201cchat\u201d \u00e0 4 %, \u201cautre\u201d \u00e0 1 %<\/em>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZ2xveXdkaDV1bXltejZqbDN1enRhazdjdTY1eHpwM2o3cDh5dXAwdyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/xTiTnJQStQJ95R5qq4\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Chien et chat\" style=\"width:359px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Et voil\u00e0, en quelques millisecondes,<strong> ton IA peut identifier si ce qu\u2019elle voit est un chat<\/strong>, un chien ou un simple coussin mal plac\u00e9 !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f C&#8217;est ce qui lui permet par la suite de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-generer-images\/\">g\u00e9n\u00e9rer des images<\/a><\/strong> ou de r\u00e9aliser des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-powerpoint\/\">designs sur Powerpoint<\/a><\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un exemple pratique : la reconnaissance faciale&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prenons un cas que tu connais bien : <strong>la reconnaissance faciale de ton smartphone<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcf1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>\u00c9tape 1<\/strong> : ton t\u00e9l\u00e9phone capture une image de ton visage.<br>\u2705 <strong>\u00c9tape 2<\/strong> : il d\u00e9tecte les points-cl\u00e9s (yeux, nez, bouche, contour du visage).<br>\u2705 <strong>\u00c9tape 3<\/strong> : il compare ces donn\u00e9es avec celles enregistr\u00e9es lors de la configuration.<br>\u2705 <strong>\u00c9tape 4<\/strong> : s\u2019il reconna\u00eet ton visage avec une forte probabilit\u00e9, il d\u00e9verrouille l\u2019\u00e9cran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette m\u00eame logique est utilis\u00e9e pour <strong>identifier des personnes dans une foule<\/strong>, <strong>d\u00e9tecter des visages suspects dans une cam\u00e9ra de surveillance<\/strong>, ou encore <strong>taguer tes amis sur Facebook automatiquement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeG9yNHJ6bmRiczhtc2JuM2tjcWs3NXBwcThzanYyeDZzejBibDJyMCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/nZ8JTwv6pSXwgTGwYA\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Homme qui essaie de d\u00e9v\u00e9rouiller le portable de quelqu'un d'autre avec la reconnaissance faciale\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les limites de la reconnaissance d\u2019images \ud83d\udea7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/limites-ia\/\">L&#8217;IA a encore des limites<\/a><\/strong>, et certaines d\u2019entre elles peuvent \u00eatre <strong>tr\u00e8s probl\u00e9matiques<\/strong> selon le contexte.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les biais et discriminations algorithmiques \u26a0\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019as peut-\u00eatre d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu : certaines IA de reconnaissance faciale sont <strong>moins pr\u00e9cises<\/strong> pour certaines populations. Mais pourquoi ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le probl\u00e8me vient souvent des donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement.<\/strong> Si une IA est entra\u00een\u00e9e principalement sur des visages d\u2019hommes blancs, elle aura plus de mal \u00e0 reconna\u00eetre des visages f\u00e9minins ou des personnes d\u2019autres origines. R\u00e9sultat ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udea8 Des erreurs plus fr\u00e9quentes sur certaines cat\u00e9gories de personnes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udea8 Des risques accrus de <strong>discrimination<\/strong> dans des applications comme la vid\u00e9osurveillance ou le recrutement automatis\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udce2 <\/span><b>Exemple r\u00e9el<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plusieurs \u00e9tudes ont montr\u00e9 que les IA de reconnaissance faciale utilis\u00e9es par la police am\u00e9ricaine avaient un<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu-mn.org\/en\/news\/biased-technology-automated-discrimination-facial-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>taux d\u2019erreur plus \u00e9lev\u00e9<\/b> <b>pour les personnes noires<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Solution ?<\/strong> Am\u00e9liorer la diversit\u00e9 raciale des bases de donn\u00e9es d\u2019entra\u00eenement et appliquer des filtres pour <strong>r\u00e9duire les biais <\/strong>dans les mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 aux attaques \ud83c\udfad\ud83d\udd13<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les IA de reconnaissance d\u2019images peuvent \u00eatre <strong>tromp\u00e9es<\/strong> tr\u00e8s facilement. Il existe des techniques qui exploitent des failles dans le mod\u00e8le pour lui faire voir quelque chose qui <strong>n\u2019existe pas r\u00e9ellement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Une image l\u00e9g\u00e8rement modifi\u00e9e peut \u00eatre totalement m\u00e9connaissable pour une IA.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Un simple <strong>bruit visuel<\/strong> ajout\u00e9 sur une image de chat peut le faire passer pour un chien aux yeux de l\u2019IA !<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Une personne peut <strong>modifier un accessoire<\/strong> (lunettes sp\u00e9ciales, maquillage) pour ne plus \u00eatre reconnue par une cam\u00e9ra de surveillance.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Solution ?<\/strong> D\u00e9velopper des mod\u00e8les plus robustes capables de d\u00e9tecter ce type de manipulation et renforcer la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des syst\u00e8mes d\u2019IA.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le probl\u00e8me de la surinterpr\u00e9tation et des illusions visuelles \ud83d\udc40<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA <strong>ne comprend pas r\u00e9ellement<\/strong> ce qu\u2019elle voit. Elle reconna\u00eet des motifs et des formes, mais <strong>sans v\u00e9ritable conscience du contexte<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Ce probl\u00e8me est<strong> particuli\u00e8rement dangereux<\/strong> dans des domaines comme la <strong>m\u00e9decine <\/strong>ou la<strong> conduite autonome<\/strong>, o\u00f9 une mauvaise interpr\u00e9tation peut avoir <strong>des cons\u00e9quences graves<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Solution ?<\/strong> Combiner plusieurs m\u00e9thodes d\u2019analyse pour am\u00e9liorer la compr\u00e9hension (par exemple, une IA multimodale qui utilise aussi du texte ou du son).<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong>On en parle dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/usages-innovants-ia-dans-differents-secteurs\/\">notre article sur les usages de l&#8217;IA dans diff\u00e9rents secteurs<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le manque de compr\u00e9hension du contexte \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA voit une image <strong>sans comprendre la situation autour<\/strong> : le contexte n\u2019existe pas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Si on lui montre <strong>une photo d\u2019une personne tenant un couteau<\/strong>, elle pourrait classer \u00e7a comme une \u201c<strong>menace<\/strong>\u201d alors que c\u2019est juste un cuisinier en train de pr\u00e9parer un plat. \ud83c\udf7d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExejV0bnhuemNueDFxd2xyandmMjRiOXBnbXF0NnNnMjV4aGM5czNlNCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/hWuvoKZTm0DZRE4IC8\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Andrew Garfield qui dit &quot;I don't understand&quot;\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L&#8217;IA devant une image \u00e0 contexte<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Cons\u00e9quence ?<\/strong> Des <strong>erreurs de classification <\/strong>qui rendent l\u2019IA inefficace ou qui peuvent causer des erreurs de jugement graves.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Solution ?<\/strong> Coupler la reconnaissance d\u2019images avec des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/traitement-langage-naturel-ia\/\">mod\u00e8les de traitement du langage naturel <\/a><\/strong>qui peuvent cerner le contexte<strong> <\/strong>et \u00e9viter ces erreurs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les probl\u00e8mes de vie priv\u00e9e et d\u2019\u00e9thique \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une autre <strong>question<\/strong> que pose la reconnaissance d\u2019images, c\u2019est <strong>la protection des donn\u00e9es personnelles<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd34 <strong>Qui collecte les images ?<\/strong> Certaines entreprises et gouvernements utilisent la reconnaissance faciale sans consentement des individus.<br>\ud83d\udd34 <strong>O\u00f9 vont ces donn\u00e9es ?<\/strong> Beaucoup d\u2019images sont stock\u00e9es sur des serveurs sans r\u00e9el contr\u00f4le des utilisateurs.<br>\ud83d\udd34 <strong>Comment \u00e9viter les abus ?<\/strong> Certaines entreprises utilisent la reconnaissance faciale pour <strong>surveiller<\/strong> leurs employ\u00e9s ou leurs clients sans transparence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Il existe <strong>plusieurs cas c\u00e9l\u00e8bres <\/strong>d&#8217;entreprises qui volent ainsi les donn\u00e9es des internautes. Par exemple,<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu-mn.org\/en\/news\/biased-technology-automated-discrimination-facial-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>Clearvi<\/strong><\/a><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu-mn.org\/en\/news\/biased-technology-automated-discrimination-facial-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">e<\/a><\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aclu-mn.org\/en\/news\/biased-technology-automated-discrimination-facial-recognition\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>w AI<\/strong><\/a>, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans la reconnaissance faciale, a collect\u00e9 <strong>des milliards d\u2019images<\/strong> <strong>sur internet<\/strong> pour entra\u00eener son IA\u2026 <strong>sans demander l\u2019autorisation des utilisateurs<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude21<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-vol-donnees\/\"><strong>On en parle dans notre article sur l&#8217;IA et le vol des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Solutions ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Encadrer l\u00e9galement<\/strong> l\u2019usage de la reconnaissance d\u2019images (par exemple, l\u2019<strong>IA Act<\/strong> en Union europ\u00e9enne).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Donner plus de contr\u00f4le aux utilisateurs<\/strong> sur leurs donn\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9bats sur la vie priv\u00e9e et l\u2019\u00e9thique sont plus que jamais d&#8217;actualit\u00e9. Une affaire \u00e0 suivre !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><strong>Et l&#8217;impact environnemental de l&#8217;IA, alors ?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83c\udf0d <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/impact-environnement-ia\/\"><b>Faire tourner une IA consomme \u00e9norm\u00e9ment d\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. Les data centers dont elle provient ont besoin de<\/span><b> beaucoup d&#8217;\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et d\u2019eau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, mais ce n\u2019est pas le seul probl\u00e8me. Tu savais qu\u2019<\/span><b>une simple requ\u00eate IA pompe plus qu\u2019une recherche Google<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ? \ud83d\ude28<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0Il faut donc faire attention \u00e0 ne pas utiliser l\u2019IA pour tout&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/professeurs\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p><b>Besoin d\u2019un coup de pouce pour tes \u00e9tudes ? Prends un cours particulier avec l\u2019un de nos profs Sherpas !<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert \ud83c\udf81\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion : une avanc\u00e9e majeure \u00e0 surveiller de pr\u00e8s \ud83d\udc40<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La reconnaissance d\u2019images par l\u2019IA est <strong>une technologie puissante<\/strong>, qui transforme notre quotidien dans des domaines vari\u00e9s. \ud83c\udf10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais cette puissance s\u2019accompagne de <strong>d\u00e9fis \u00e9thiques, techniques et soci\u00e9taux<\/strong>. Entre les biais algorithmiques, les attaques et les probl\u00e8mes de vie priv\u00e9e, il reste encore <strong>du chemin \u00e0 parcourir<\/strong> avant d\u2019avoir des syst\u00e8mes fiables et justes pour tout le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On esp\u00e8re que cet article t\u2019a plu. N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 prendre un<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/professeurs\"><strong>cours particulier chez les Sherpas<\/strong><\/a> pour aller plus loin dans ton apprentissage ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:21px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-16018d1d wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/professeurs\"><strong>Le premier cours est offert \ud83c\udf81<\/strong><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;302652&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Comment fonctionne la reconnaissance d\u2019images par l\u2019IA ? \ud83d\uddbc\ufe0f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>As-tu d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 la reconnaissance faciale sur ton t\u00e9l\u00e9phone ou vu une IA identifier un animal sur une (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":371,"featured_media":302653,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[895,122],"tag":[773],"class_list":["post-302652","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-et-societe","category-lifestyle","tag-intelligence-artificielle"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302652","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/371"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302652"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302652\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302653"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302652"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=302652"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=302652"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}