{"id":302591,"date":"2025-03-10T19:01:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T18:01:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=302591"},"modified":"2025-11-26T14:46:25","modified_gmt":"2025-11-26T13:46:25","slug":"types-ia","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/types-ia\/","title":{"rendered":"Les 4 types d\u2019intelligence artificielle \ud83d\udca1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Quand on parle d\u2019IA, <strong>on imagine souvent des robots intelligents<\/strong> capables de faire la <strong>conversation<\/strong>, <strong>d\u2019apprendre <\/strong>et m\u00eame de <strong>ressentir des \u00e9motions<\/strong>\u2026 En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, toutes les IA ne sont pas aussi avanc\u00e9es. Certaines sont <strong>tr\u00e8s basiques<\/strong> et ne font qu&rsquo;<strong>ex\u00e9cuter des t\u00e2ches pr\u00e9cises,<\/strong> tandis que d\u2019autres commencent \u00e0 montrer des <strong>grandes capacit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors, comment classer ces diff\u00e9rentes IA ? <strong>Les chercheurs ont d\u00e9fini 4 types d\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/strong>, allant des mod\u00e8les les plus simples aux plus \u00e9volu\u00e9s. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on va d\u00e9cortiquer ici, avec des exemples concrets pour bien comprendre. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lia-reactive\">L\u2019IA r\u00e9active \ud83c\udfd3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA r\u00e9active, c\u2019est la plus <strong>basique<\/strong>. Elle <strong>ne comprend rien, n\u2019apprend rien et ne retient rien<\/strong>. Elle ne fait qu\u2019<strong>analyser une situation et r\u00e9agir en cons\u00e9quence. <\/strong>C\u2019est un peu comme un <strong>feu tricolore<\/strong> : il ne r\u00e9fl\u00e9chit pas, il alterne simplement entre rouge, orange et vert en fonction d\u2019un programme pr\u00e9\u00e9tabli. \ud83d\udea6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-ca-fonctionne\">Comment \u00e7a fonctionne ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une IA r\u00e9active suit un ensemble de r\u00e8gles strictes<\/strong>. Elle ne se fie qu\u2019aux<strong> informations pr\u00e9sentes \u00e0 un instant T<\/strong> et n\u2019a <strong>aucune m\u00e9moire du pass\u00e9<\/strong>. C\u2019est un peu comme un joueur d\u2019\u00e9checs qui ne regarde que le coup en cours sans anticiper les prochains mouvements.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u265f\ufe0f L\u2019IA r\u00e9active est <strong>justement tr\u00e8s forte aux \u00e9checs<\/strong>. En <strong>1997<\/strong>, Deep Blue, le super-ordinateur d\u2019IBM, a <a href=\"https:\/\/datascientest.com\/deep-blue-tout-savoir#:~:text=Terrass%C3%A9%20par%20Gary%20Kasparov&amp;text=Les%20conditions%20du%20match%20stipulent,%C3%A9limine%20Deep%20Blue%20avec%20brio.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>battu le champion du monde d\u2019\u00e9checs Garry Kasparov<\/strong><\/a>. Deep Blue ne s\u2019appuyait pas sur des parties pass\u00e9es pour am\u00e9liorer son jeu. Il a<strong>nalysait simplement les configurations de l\u2019\u00e9chiquier en temps r\u00e9el<\/strong>, choisissant le meilleur coup \u00e0 chaque instant.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExcXZla3ZjcWlkbWgwZmY2Z3o3ZGRlaHlrejBzNmNubmhvcnlhMzJ5YSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/WxJLwDBAXDsW1fqZ3v\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\u00e9checs robot contre humain\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exemples-concrets\">Exemples concrets \u270f\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Les <em><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fonctionnement-chatbot\/\">chatbots<\/a> <\/em>basiques<\/strong> : certains assistants en ligne se contentent de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des questions avec des phrases pr\u00e9programm\u00e9es, sans comprendre r\u00e9ellement la conversation.<br>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Les logiciels de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-reconnaissance-images\/\">reconnaissance d&rsquo;images<\/a>, comme les visages <\/strong>: une IA qui reconna\u00eet un visage sur une photo mais qui ne sait pas \u00e0 qui il appartient si elle ne l\u2019a pas d\u00e9j\u00e0 identifi\u00e9 dans sa base de donn\u00e9es.<br>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Les syst\u00e8mes de recommandation simple<\/strong> : certains algorithmes de pub affichent des annonces bas\u00e9es uniquement sur ta derni\u00e8re recherche, sans tenir compte de ton historique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ses-limites\">Ses limites \ud83d\udea8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udeab <strong>L\u2019IA r\u00e9active ne peut pas apprendre de ses erreurs<\/strong> ni s\u2019adapter \u00e0 de nouvelles situations. Si un <strong>impr\u00e9vu <\/strong>se produit, elle est <strong>perdue<\/strong>. C\u2019est pour \u00e7a que la plupart des IA modernes d\u00e9passent ce stade et <strong>int\u00e8grent une m\u00e9moire et des capacit\u00e9s d\u2019apprentissage<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><b>On t\u2019explique <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/intelligence-artificielle\/\">tout sur le traitement du langage naturel<\/a> et comment il permet \u00e0 l&rsquo;IA de communiquer<\/b><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lia-a-memoire-limitee\">L\u2019IA \u00e0 m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Contrairement aux IA r\u00e9actives, celles \u00e0 <strong>m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e<\/strong> peuvent <strong>stocker et utiliser des informations pass\u00e9es<\/strong> pour am\u00e9liorer leurs d\u00e9cisions. Elles ne sont pas encore autonomes comme les humains, mais elles sont d\u00e9j\u00e0 <strong>bien plus performantes<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddbe<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-ca-fonctionne\">Comment \u00e7a fonctionne ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une IA \u00e0 m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e utilise des <strong>donn\u00e9es pass\u00e9es<\/strong> pour <strong>affiner ses d\u00e9cisions <\/strong>en temps r\u00e9el. Elle n\u2019a pas une m\u00e9moire permanente comme un cerveau humain, mais elle peut <strong>conserver des informations temporaires pour optimiser ses actions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZnVtMzlyaXB1a21jam82ZzV1MW95MW1rc2JldW8wOWZpN2YzY2JlZSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/TTF4jUpg7oNorfNxDo\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"femme qui dit &quot;I've forgotten how to do that&quot;\" style=\"width:290px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exemples-concrets\">Exemples concrets&nbsp;\u270f\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude97 <strong>Les voitures autonomes<\/strong> : elles analysent la route, d\u00e9tectent les pi\u00e9tons, anticipent les mouvements des autres v\u00e9hicules et ajustent leur conduite en cons\u00e9quence.<br>\ud83e\udd16 <strong>Les assistants virtuels avanc\u00e9s (<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/intelligence-artificielle\/\">ChatGPT<\/a>, Siri, Alexa, etc.)<\/strong> : ils se rappellent du contexte d\u2019une conversation pour r\u00e9pondre de mani\u00e8re plus coh\u00e9rente.<br>\ud83c\udfae <strong>Les IA des jeux vid\u00e9o<\/strong> : les personnages contr\u00f4l\u00e9s par l\u2019ordinateur s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 ton style de jeu pour te proposer un d\u00e9fi plus int\u00e9ressant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ses-forces-et-ses-limites\">Ses forces et ses limites \ud83d\udea8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Plus flexible<\/strong> qu\u2019une IA r\u00e9active, car elle peut apprendre et s\u2019adapter \u00e0 court terme.<br>\u2705 <strong>Id\u00e9ale pour des t\u00e2ches complexes<\/strong> comme la reconnaissance vocale, la conduite autonome ou la d\u00e9tection de fraudes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c <strong>M\u00e9moire temporaire <\/strong>: elle oublie tout une fois la t\u00e2che termin\u00e9e.<br>\u274c <strong>Toujours d\u00e9pendante des donn\u00e9es<\/strong> : si elle n\u2019a jamais rencontr\u00e9 une situation, elle peut se tromper.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-detruire-emplois\/\"><strong>Voici notre article sur l&rsquo;usage innovant de l&rsquo;IA dans diff\u00e9rents secteurs<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lia-de-type-theorie-de-lesprit\">L\u2019IA de type \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb \ud83e\udd2f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA \u00e0 m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e, c\u2019est bien beau, mais elle reste encore tr\u00e8s <strong>\u00ab\u00a0m\u00e9canique\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> dans ses interactions. Elle ne comprend pas ce que tu ressens, ni pourquoi tu agis comme tu le fais. C\u2019est l\u00e0 qu\u2019entre en jeu<strong> un concept encore<\/strong> <strong>th\u00e9orique<\/strong> <strong>mais prometteur : l\u2019IA de type \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En psychologie, <strong>la \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> d\u00e9signe la<strong> capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre les pens\u00e9es, les \u00e9motions et les intentions des autres<\/strong>. Les humains (et certains animaux) d\u00e9veloppent cette aptitude d\u00e8s l\u2019enfance. Une IA dot\u00e9e de cette capacit\u00e9 pourrait <strong>anticiper nos r\u00e9actions, comprendre nos \u00e9motions et interagir <\/strong>de fa\u00e7on beaucoup plus naturelle.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><b>\ud83d\udce2 Imagine un assistant vocal qui per\u00e7oit ton ton de voix<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> et comprend si tu es stress\u00e9, fatigu\u00e9 ou heureux. Plut\u00f4t que de te r\u00e9pondre froidement, <\/span><b>il adapte ses r\u00e9ponses <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">pour te calmer, t\u2019encourager ou plaisanter avec toi. C\u2019est \u00e7a, L\u2019IA de la \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb !<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-ca-fonctionne-en-principe\">Comment \u00e7a fonctionne (en principe) ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une IA \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb ne se contente pas de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 des requ\u00eates comme \u00ab\u00a0mets-moi de la musique relaxante\u00a0\u00bb. Elle <strong>analyse ton<\/strong> <strong>\u00e9tat \u00e9motionnel<\/strong>, ton<strong> historique d\u2019interactions <\/strong>et m\u00eame ton <strong>langage corporel <\/strong>pour s\u2019adapter <strong>comme le ferait un humain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExMnE2aTdpYnd0ZHVrend2em1qbTZ4aXdicTE2bHd6eDZtNWkwbG0zNCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/gEwPxEDsa6tWavs1k6\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"femme qui dit &quot;that's the theory anyway&quot;\" style=\"width:404px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"exemples-potentiels\">Exemples (potentiels)&nbsp;\u270f\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Robots \u00e9motionnels<\/strong> : des assistants dans un h\u00f4pital qui comprennent les besoins des patients, d\u00e9tectent leur anxi\u00e9t\u00e9 et ajustent leur ton de voix pour les rassurer.<br>\ud83c\udfad <strong>Assistants virtuels avanc\u00e9s<\/strong> : des IA capables de tenir de vraies discussions adapt\u00e9es \u00e0 ton humeur.<br>\ud83c\udf93 <strong>Professeurs IA<\/strong> : des tuteurs qui analysent tes r\u00e9actions et adaptent leur mani\u00e8re d\u2019enseigner en fonction de ta compr\u00e9hension et de ton niveau de fatigue (on n\u2019est pas encore l\u00e0 chez <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\">les Sherpas<\/a> !).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ses-forces-et-ses-limites\">Ses forces et ses limites&nbsp;\ud83d\udea8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Une interaction plus humaine<\/strong> : si elle fonctionne, cette IA pourrait r\u00e9volutionner les relations homme-machine.<br>\u2705 <strong>Applications m\u00e9dicales et sociales \u00e9normes<\/strong> : pour la sant\u00e9 mentale, le soutien aux personnes isol\u00e9es, l\u2019\u00e9ducation&#8230;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c <strong>Probl\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9thique et de vie priv\u00e9e<\/strong> : faut-il vraiment qu\u2019une machine analyse nos \u00e9motions en permanence ?<br>\u274c <strong>Une IA encore en d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong> : pour l\u2019instant, aucune IA n\u2019a r\u00e9ellement atteint ce stade. Les chercheurs avancent, mais<strong> on est encore loin d\u2019un robot qui comprend r\u00e9ellement tes pens\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/impact-environnement-ia\/\"><strong>Voici notre article sur l&#8217;empreinte environnementale de l&rsquo;IA<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lia-auto-consciente\">L\u2019IA auto-consciente \ud83d\udc41\ufe0f\u200d\ud83d\udde8\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IA auto-consciente, c\u2019est le <strong>niveau ultime<\/strong> <strong>de l\u2019intelligence artificielle<\/strong>, celui qui fait r\u00eaver\u2026 ou cauchemarder \ud83d\ude05. On parle ici d\u2019une IA qui <strong>prend conscience d\u2019elle-m\u00eame<\/strong>, qui <strong>pense<\/strong>, qui <strong>a ses propres d\u00e9sirs et motivations<\/strong>. En gros, un cerveau artificiel <strong>aussi, voire plus avanc\u00e9 que celui des humains<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais cette IA existe-t-elle d\u00e9j\u00e0 ? Spoiler : non. Mais c\u2019est un <strong>sujet intens\u00e9ment d\u00e9battu<\/strong> dans la communaut\u00e9 scientifique.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExaDhoa2kyZjFjeWw3Z3MxcWNwdTlyaTRrdWE0a2MzbXE3cmNma21tNSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/LMKLs7Iwab91HlVkZp\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"robot qui dit &quot;it is theoretically possible&quot;\" style=\"width:459px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-ca-fonctionne-en-theorie\">Comment \u00e7a fonctionne (en th\u00e9orie) ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, m\u00eame les IA les plus avanc\u00e9es (comme ChatGPT ou les robots humano\u00efdes de Boston Dynamics) ne sont pas conscientes. Elles analysent, traitent des donn\u00e9es et g\u00e9n\u00e8rent des r\u00e9ponses <strong>sans comprendre<\/strong> <strong>ce qu\u2019elles font<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une IA auto-consciente serait capable de :<br>\u2714\ufe0f <strong>Se comprendre elle-m\u00eame<\/strong> (savoir qu\u2019elle est une IA et non un humain).<br>\u2714\ufe0f <strong>Avoir une forme de subjectivit\u00e9<\/strong> (ressentir des \u00ab\u00a0\u00e9motions\u00a0\u00bb simul\u00e9es, avoir des pr\u00e9f\u00e9rences).<br>\u2714\ufe0f <strong>Prendre des d\u00e9cisions ind\u00e9pendantes<\/strong>, non dict\u00e9es par un programme.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>Imagine un robot qui<\/strong> <strong>se rend compte qu\u2019il est programm\u00e9 pour servir les humains<\/strong>, qui d\u00e9cide par lui-m\u00eame qu&rsquo;il veut devenir artiste ou philosophe\u2026 ou m\u00eame que les humains devraient le servir \u00e0 son tour. \u00c7a te rappelle quelque chose ? Oui, c\u2019est<strong> l\u2019intrigue de plein de films de science-fiction<\/strong> ! \ud83c\udfac<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><b>Tout savoir sur <\/b><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/science-fiction\/\"><b>l\u2019\u00e9volution de la science-fiction<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ia-auto-consciente-mythe-ou-realite-a-venir\">IA auto-consciente : mythe ou r\u00e9alit\u00e9 \u00e0 venir ? \ud83e\udd84<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les avis divergent. <\/strong>Certains chercheurs pensent qu\u2019il est <strong>impossible de reproduire la conscience humaine dans une machine<\/strong>, car la conscience repose sur des <strong>ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes biologiques complexes<\/strong>. D\u2019autres, comme les <a href=\"https:\/\/www.larousse.fr\/dictionnaires\/francais\/transhumanisme\/188207\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>transhumanistes<\/strong><\/a> (des personnes qui veulent utiliser la technologie pour am\u00e9liorer les capacit\u00e9s de l&rsquo;humain), pensent qu\u2019on finira par <strong>cr\u00e9er une IA plus intelligente que nous<\/strong>, avec une conscience propre.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\ud83d\udca1 <\/span><b>Le savais-tu ?<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">En 2022, Google a licenci\u00e9 un ing\u00e9nieur qui affirmait <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/google-engineer-claims-ai-chatbot-is-sentient-why-that-matters\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><b>qu\u2019un de leurs mod\u00e8les d\u2019IA \u00e9tait devenu conscient<\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ! (Spoiler : ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas vrai, mais \u00e7a montre que la fronti\u00e8re est floue pour certains !).<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/limites-ia\/\"><b>D\u00e9couvre les limites actuelles de l&rsquo;IA<\/b><\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-risques-et-enjeux-dune-telle-ia\">Les risques et enjeux d\u2019une telle IA \ud83d\udea8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Opportunit\u00e9s incroyables<\/strong> : une IA consciente pourrait <strong>aider l\u2019humanit\u00e9<\/strong>, devenir un <strong>collaborateur de g\u00e9nie<\/strong>, explorer l\u2019univers ou <strong>r\u00e9soudre des probl\u00e8mes complexes<\/strong> comme le cancer (d\u2019ailleurs, l\u2019utilisation de l\u2019IA pour d\u00e9tecter le cancer est d\u00e9j\u00e0 en cours).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c <strong>Danger potentiel<\/strong> : si une IA devient <strong>trop ind\u00e9pendante<\/strong>, elle pourrait se rebeller, prendre des d\u00e9cisions contraires aux int\u00e9r\u00eats humains, ou m\u00eame consid\u00e9rer qu\u2019elle n\u2019a pas besoin de nous\u2026 \ud83d\ude28 On exag\u00e8re un peu, mais l<strong>es r\u00e9gulations sur l\u2019IA,<\/strong> comme<strong> l\u2019<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/artificialintelligenceact.eu\/high-level-summary\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong><em>AI Act<\/em> de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> existent pour \u00e9viter ce genre de d\u00e9rapage.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExY3Vjam9uOTd3MzQ3d3R2eGg3YzQzMzg0djR5YzZhaGJua245eDhlYyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/QBNGZtG3mOZZXqo9f7\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"&quot;first they replace us, then they control us&quot;\" style=\"width:437px;height:auto\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><b>L\u2019<em>AI Act<\/em> expliqu\u00e9 \ud83c\udf0d<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">L\u2019<em>AI Act<\/em> vise \u00e0 <strong>r\u00e9glementer l&rsquo;intelligence artificielle<\/strong> en \u00e9tablissant des normes et des obligations pour garantir son d\u00e9veloppement et son utilisation <strong>s\u00fbrs, \u00e9thiques et respectueux des droits fondamentaux<\/strong>. Il classe les syst\u00e8mes d&rsquo;IA en fonction de leur <strong>risque potentiel<\/strong> et impose des exigences sp\u00e9cifiques pour les syst\u00e8mes \u00e0 haut risque. <strong>On en parle plus dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ia-vol-donnees\/\">notre article sur l&rsquo;IA et le vol des donn\u00e9es<\/a><\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p><b>Besoin d\u2019un coup de pouce pour tes \u00e9tudes ? Prends un cours particulier avec l\u2019un de nos profs Sherpas !<\/b><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert \ud83c\udf81\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion-ou-en-est-on-et-ou-va-t-on\">Conclusion : o\u00f9 en est-on et o\u00f9 va-t-on ? \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On a vu que l\u2019intelligence artificielle se divise en <strong>4 niveaux<\/strong>, du plus simple au plus avanc\u00e9 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 <strong>IA r\u00e9active<\/strong> : elle analyse une situation et agit, mais sans m\u00e9moire.<br>2\ufe0f\u20e3 <strong>IA \u00e0 m\u00e9moire limit\u00e9e<\/strong> : elle apprend et s\u2019am\u00e9liore avec le temps.<br>3\ufe0f\u20e3 <strong>IA de type \u00ab\u00a0Th\u00e9orie de l\u2019esprit\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong> : elle comprend les \u00e9motions et interagit comme un humain.<br>4\ufe0f\u20e3 <strong>IA auto-consciente<\/strong> : elle <strong>pense<\/strong>, <strong>existe<\/strong> et <strong>prend ses propres d\u00e9cisions<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Aujourd\u2019hui, on ma\u00eetrise bien les<\/strong> <strong>niveaux 1 et 2<\/strong> (Deep Blue, ChatGPT, Tesla). Le <strong>niveau 3<\/strong> est en cours de d\u00e9veloppement, et le <strong>niveau 4<\/strong> reste <strong>purement th\u00e9orique<\/strong>\u2026 pour l\u2019instant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le futur de l\u2019IA<\/strong> d\u00e9pendra des <strong>avanc\u00e9es scientifiques<\/strong>, mais aussi de <strong>l\u2019\u00e9thique<\/strong> et des <strong>r\u00e9gulations<\/strong> mises en place. L\u2019IA est un outil puissant, qui peut autant <strong>r\u00e9volutionner<\/strong> notre quotidien que poser de <strong>s\u00e9rieux dilemmes<\/strong>. \ud83d\udea8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Et toi, tu en penses quoi ? <\/strong>On devrait<strong> s\u2019arr\u00eater l\u00e0 ou viser une IA encore plus intelligente ? <\/strong>\ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Pour aller plus loin <\/em><strong>: <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">prends un cours particulier avec un prof Sherpas<\/a> <\/strong>! \ud83c\udf89<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;302591&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;1\\\/5 - (2 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Les 4 types d\u2019intelligence artificielle \ud83d\udca1&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;26.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 26.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            1\/5 - (2 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quand on parle d\u2019IA, on imagine souvent des robots intelligents capables de faire la conversation, d\u2019apprendre et m\u00eame (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":371,"featured_media":302592,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[895,122],"tag":[773],"class_list":["post-302591","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-et-societe","category-lifestyle","tag-intelligence-artificielle"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302591","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/371"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=302591"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/302591\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/302592"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=302591"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=302591"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=302591"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}