{"id":290403,"date":"2026-10-22T17:41:23","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:41:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=290403"},"modified":"2026-10-22T17:44:24","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:44:24","slug":"guerre-secession","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-secession\/","title":{"rendered":"La Guerre de S\u00e9cession (1861-1865) : un conflit fratricide \ud83e\udd2f\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Connais-tu <strong>la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, cette guerre civile qui a d\u00e9chir\u00e9 les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/geographie\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"261260\">\u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/a> <\/strong>de 1861 \u00e0 1865 ? Cette guerre entre le Nord et le Sud des \u00c9tats-Unis reste le conflit le plus meurtrier de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">histoire<\/a> du pays. Dans cet article, tu trouveras ses dates cl\u00e9s, ses causes, qui l\u2019a gagn\u00e9e, son bilan et les trois cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 retenir, avec une carte et un r\u00e9sum\u00e9. C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res \u00e0 r\u00e9viser ? Nos profs Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t\u2019aider. \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-causes-de-la-guerre-de-secession\">Les causes de la guerre de S\u00e9cession \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deux-societes-opposees-un-conflit-ideologique-et-economique\">Deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s oppos\u00e9es : un conflit id\u00e9ologique et \u00e9conomique \ud83d\udca5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La cause profonde de la guerre de S\u00e9cession, aussi appel\u00e9e The Civil War (\u00ab la guerre civile \u00bb), est l\u2019esclavage. Les nordistes veulent emp\u00eacher son extension vers les territoires de l\u2019Ouest, alors que l\u2019\u00e9conomie des sudistes en d\u00e9pend. S\u2019y ajoutent des int\u00e9r\u00eats \u00e9conomiques oppos\u00e9s et un d\u00e9saccord sur le pouvoir des \u00c9tats face au gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au Nord, l\u2019esclavage recule d\u00e8s la fin du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle : la Pennsylvanie vote une loi d\u2019abolition progressive en 1780 et, en 1783, la justice du Massachusetts le d\u00e9clare contraire \u00e0 la Constitution de cet \u00c9tat. La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019importation d\u2019esclaves venus d\u2019Afrique, est interdite \u00e0 partir de 1808, mais seuls les \u00c9tats du Nord ont aboli l\u2019esclavage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c Ce mouvement port\u00e9 par les nordistes, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les habitants des \u00c9tats du Nord, cr\u00e9e une profonde rupture avec les sudistes, ceux des \u00c9tats du Sud, dont <strong>l\u2019\u00e9conomie repose sur les plantations de coton et les exportations vers l\u2019Europe, et la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre se compose principalement d\u2019esclaves noirs.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2522\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2522\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">\u00c9tats du Nord<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">\u00c9tats du Sud<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Industriels<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Agraires<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Urbanis\u00e9s<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ruraux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Protectionnistes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pour le libre-\u00e9change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Antiesclavagistes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Esclavagistes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2522 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-conquete-de-louest-et-la-loi-de-1854\">La conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Ouest et la loi de 1854 \ud83d\udc0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <em>westerns<\/em> et le <em>Far West<\/em> ne sont pas les seuls r\u00e9sultats de la mythique conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Ouest par les Am\u00e9ricains. <strong>Le d\u00e9placement progressif de la fronti\u00e8re des \u00c9tats-Unis cristallise le conflit entre le Sud et le Nord sur l\u2019autorisation ou non de l\u2019esclavage dans les nouveaux territoires. <\/strong>En 1854, Abraham Lincoln, alors avocat et membre du parti whig, s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la loi \u00ab Kansas-Nebraska \u00bb, qui laisse les habitants de chaque nouveau territoire choisir d\u2019autoriser ou non l\u2019esclavage. Deux ans plus tard, il rejoint le jeune Parti r\u00e9publicain, oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019extension de l\u2019esclavage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>De m\u00eame que <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">je refuse d&rsquo;\u00eatre un esclave<\/span>, je refuse d&rsquo;\u00eatre <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">un ma\u00eetre<\/span>. Telle est <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">mon id\u00e9e de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Abraham Lincoln<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"abraham-lincoln-president-en-1860\">Abraham Lincoln pr\u00e9sident en 1860 \ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"un-president-antiesclavagiste-modere\">Un pr\u00e9sident antiesclavagiste mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 6 novembre 1860, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/abraham-lincoln\/\">Abraham Lincoln est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>. <\/strong>Pourtant, \u00e0 cet instant, le pays est tout sauf une union. <strong>L\u2019\u00e9lu du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/strong> tente de pr\u00e9server le peu d\u2019harmonie entre les \u00c9tats en n\u2019abolissant pas l\u2019esclavage. Mais<strong> les sudistes interpr\u00e8tent son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir comme une menace et une provocation directe envers eux.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeTlraXQyYXJhdjJubXgwNmZpamF1b3MwNm14c2RmbjZhbWFyMDlzciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/wp0o7izPvhozgdm53d\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"homme qui regarde par la fen\u00eatre\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les \u00c9tats du Sud qui se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 faire s\u00e9cession<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-etats-du-sud-font-secession\">Les \u00c9tats du Sud font s\u00e9cession \ud83d\ude45\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-confederation\">La Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration \ud83d\udcdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 20 d\u00e9cembre 1860, la Caroline du Sud est le premier \u00c9tat \u00e0 faire s\u00e9cession,<\/strong> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 se d\u00e9clarer comme ind\u00e9pendante du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Entre le 9 janvier et le 1er f\u00e9vrier 1861, le Mississippi, la Floride, l\u2019Alabama, la G\u00e9orgie, la Louisiane et le Texas quittent \u00e0 leur tour l\u2019Union. R\u00e9unis \u00e0 Montgomery, en Alabama, les premiers \u00c9tats s\u00e9cessionnistes adoptent le 8 f\u00e9vrier 1861 une Constitution provisoire et forment les \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s d\u2019Am\u00e9rique,<strong> avec Jefferson Davis pour pr\u00e9sident.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9clenchement du conflit arm\u00e9, la Virginie, l\u2019Arkansas, le Tennessee et la Caroline du Nord se joignent aux conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s : la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration compte d\u00e9sormais 11 \u00c9tats (en rouge sur la carte de la guerre de S\u00e9cession ci-dessous). <strong>La capitale des \u00c9tats s\u00e9cessionnistes se d\u00e9place alors \u00e0 Richmond, en Virginie, \u00e0 environ 160 km au sud de Washington, la capitale de l\u2019Union.<\/strong>\ud83d\udccd<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png\" alt=\"Carte des \u00c9tats-Unis en 1864\" class=\"wp-image-290410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=950 950w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=200 200w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=594 594w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Carte de la division des \u00c9tats-Unis en 1864 &#8211; Wikimedia Commons<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Quelle r\u00e9ponse de la part de l\u2019Union ? \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Abraham Lincoln entend <strong>pr\u00e9server l\u2019unit\u00e9 nationale<\/strong>. En cela, <strong>il ne reconna\u00eet pas l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des sudistes<\/strong>. Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain <strong>refuse de retirer les garnisons f\u00e9d\u00e9rales<\/strong> dans les \u00c9tats s\u00e9cessionnistes.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-dates-de-la-guerre-de-secession-de-fort-sumter-a-appomattox\">Les dates de la guerre de S\u00e9cession : de Fort Sumter \u00e0 Appomattox \ud83d\udcc5&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La guerre de S\u00e9cession dure quatre ans, de 1861 \u00e0 1865. Elle commence le 12 avril 1861,<\/strong> quand les conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s bombardent Fort Sumter, dans la baie de Charleston, <strong>et s\u2019ach\u00e8ve le 9 avril 1865, avec la reddition du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Lee \u00e0 Appomattox, en Virginie. Les derniers soldats sudistes d\u00e9posent les armes en juin 1865.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au moment de l\u2019attaque, l\u2019Union tente de ravitailler par la mer la garnison f\u00e9d\u00e9rale du fort, et Jefferson Davis donne l\u2019ordre d\u2019ouvrir le feu. Le fort capitule d\u00e8s le lendemain et, le 15 avril, Lincoln appelle 75 000 volontaires.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 C\u2019est <strong>le d\u00e9but de la Guerre de S\u00e9cession<\/strong>, la mobilisation est lanc\u00e9e dans les deux camps.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-capacites-militaires\">Les capacit\u00e9s militaires \ud83c\udf96\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019Union poss\u00e8de un budget militaire deux fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration.<\/strong> De plus, le Nord dispose de meilleurs \u00e9quipements en raison de son industrialisation, d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de chemin de fer bien plus dense (environ 35 000 des 49 000 km de voies ferr\u00e9es du pays) et d\u2019une puissante marine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2523\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2523\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Sudistes<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Nordistes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9 millions d\u2019habitants, dont environ 3,5 millions d\u2019esclaves noirs <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">22 millions d\u2019habitants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ral en chef (en 1865) : Robert Edward Lee, dit Lee<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ral en chef (\u00e0 partir de 1864) : Ulysses S. Grant, dit Grant <br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2523 from cache -->\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"deroulement-de-la-guerre-de-secession\">D\u00e9roulement de la Guerre de S\u00e9cession \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"des-succes-pour-les-sudistes\">Des succ\u00e8s pour les sudistes \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but, le Nord tente de s\u2019emparer de Richmond, la capitale de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration o\u00f9 si\u00e8ge Jefferson Davis. <strong>La premi\u00e8re bataille de Bull Run, le 21 juillet 1861, est une victoire pour les conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 leur inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26f5D\u00e8s le 19 avril 1861, le pr\u00e9sident Lincoln d\u00e9cr\u00e8te <strong>un blocus des c\u00f4tes du Sud pour couper son commerce de coton avec l\u2019Europe<\/strong>, notamment avec le Royaume-Uni et la France. D\u2019abord facile \u00e0 contourner, ce blocus se resserre d\u2019ann\u00e9e en ann\u00e9e. Finalement, les sudistes parviennent \u00e0 r\u00e9sister aux troupes du Nord, jusqu\u2019au 17 septembre 1862, date de <strong>leur d\u00e9faite lors de la sanglante bataille d\u2019Antietam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca3 <\/strong><strong>La derni\u00e8re victoire significative des sudistes se d\u00e9roule \u00e0 Chancellorsville,<\/strong> entre les deux capitales, <strong>du 1er au 4 mai 1863<\/strong>. Les hommes du camp sudiste s\u2019opposent \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e du Potomac, dirig\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Joe Hooker, dit <em>Fighting Joe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lunion-domine-le-tournant-de-gettysburg\">L\u2019union domine : le tournant de Gettysburg \ud83d\udd1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Du 1er au 3 juillet 1863, l\u2019arm\u00e9e des conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s, men\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Lee, affronte l\u2019arm\u00e9e du Potomac du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral George G. Meade en Pennsylvanie, lors de la bataille de Gettysburg. <\/strong>Cet affrontement se termine par une victoire du Nord apr\u00e8s de massives pertes et marque un tournant dans la guerre. D\u00e9sormais, c\u2019est l\u2019Union qui a l\u2019avantage.\u265f\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>La bataille de Gettysburg est la plus meurtri\u00e8re<\/strong> de toute la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, avec environ <strong>51 000 victimes<\/strong> au total (tu\u00e9s, bless\u00e9s, disparus et prisonniers), dont plus de 7 000 morts au combat. \ud83d\ude28<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 4 juillet 1863, au lendemain de ce succ\u00e8s militaire, <strong>les hommes de l\u2019Union, <\/strong>dirig\u00e9s par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Grant, parviennent \u00e0 s\u2019emparer de <strong>Vicksburg, une forteresse strat\u00e9gique<\/strong> dans le Mississippi. <strong>Cette victoire leur permet de contr\u00f4ler la Vall\u00e9e du Mississippi et d\u2019affaiblir largement le camp sudiste qui se retrouve coup\u00e9 en deux. <\/strong><strong>\u26a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 Notre article sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-guerre-du-vietnam\/\">guerre du Vietnam<\/a> pourrait te plaire.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qui-a-gagne-la-guerre-de-secession\">Qui a gagn\u00e9 la guerre de S\u00e9cession ? \ud83c\udf89<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Nord, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l\u2019Union pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Abraham Lincoln, a gagn\u00e9 la guerre de S\u00e9cession. Le 9 avril 1865, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sudiste Robert E. Lee capitule devant Ulysses S. Grant \u00e0 Appomattox Court House, en Virginie. Les autres arm\u00e9es conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9es se rendent dans les semaines suivantes et la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration dispara\u00eet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant ce d\u00e9nouement, le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral William T. Sherman s\u2019empare d\u2019Atlanta le 2 septembre 1864, puis traverse la G\u00e9orgie jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mer. Pendant ce temps, Grant assi\u00e8ge Petersburg et Richmond durant plus de neuf mois. Le 2 avril 1865, Jefferson Davis et son gouvernement fuient la capitale conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9e, et le pr\u00e9sident sudiste est captur\u00e9 en G\u00e9orgie le 10 mai.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Chiffres cl\u00e9s : quel bilan ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 environ <strong>620 000 morts<\/strong> selon l\u2019estimation traditionnelle, et environ 750 000 selon l\u2019historien J. David Hacker (2011)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>pr\u00e8s de 3 millions<\/strong> de soldats mobilis\u00e9s (estimation)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> environ 360 000 morts chez les nordistes<\/strong> contre <strong>260 000 chez les sudistes<\/strong> (soldats uniquement, les victimes civiles ne sont pas compt\u00e9es)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-possible-reconciliation\">Une possible r\u00e9conciliation ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude4f De retour \u00e0 la Maison-Blanche en tant que pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis,<strong> Abraham Lincoln tente de r\u00e9concilier les deux parties<\/strong>, entamant des d\u00e9marches de r\u00e9conciliation et de pardon alors qu\u2019il vient de recevoir la capitulation des esclavagistes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2764\ufe0f\u200d\ud83e\ude79 <strong>Les radicaux du Parti r\u00e9publicain entravent la r\u00e9conciliation en essayant d\u2019affaiblir les \u00e9lites politiques des \u00c9tats du Sud, <\/strong>dont les \u00e9conomies sont touch\u00e9es par l\u2019abolition de l&rsquo;esclavage. <strong>La r\u00e9conciliation entre le Sud et le Nord ne se fait que dans les ann\u00e9es 1870<\/strong>, lorsque les R\u00e9publicains perdent la majorit\u00e9 au Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quelles-sont-les-trois-consequences-de-la-guerre-de-secession\">Quelles sont les trois cons\u00e9quences de la guerre de S\u00e9cession ? \ud83d\udccc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Trois cons\u00e9quences de la guerre de S\u00e9cession sont \u00e0 retenir. La premi\u00e8re est l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage, inscrite dans la Constitution par le 13e amendement en 1865. La deuxi\u00e8me est l\u2019unit\u00e9 de la nation, confirm\u00e9e par la d\u00e9faite du Sud : le gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral en sort renforc\u00e9. La troisi\u00e8me est un Sud ruin\u00e9, o\u00f9 les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains lib\u00e9r\u00e9s restent victimes de lourdes discriminations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur le plan militaire, la guerre de S\u00e9cession est souvent pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme la premi\u00e8re guerre de l\u2019\u00e8re industrielle : chemins de fer, t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe et navires cuirass\u00e9s y sont utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle. Elle annonce ainsi les guerres de l\u2019\u00e9poque contemporaine. Dans le Sud, la p\u00e9riode de la Reconstruction prend fin avec le compromis de 1877, qui met fin \u00e0 l\u2019occupation militaire des anciens \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-lutte-contre-la-segregation-continue\">La lutte contre la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation continue \u270a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-vote-du-congres-abolit-lesclavage\">Le vote du Congr\u00e8s abolit l\u2019esclavage \ud83e\udd73<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors que la nation am\u00e9ricaine se d\u00e9chire dans une guerre fratricide, Abraham Lincoln annonce en septembre 1862 la proclamation d\u2019\u00e9mancipation des esclaves des \u00c9tats rebelles du Sud, qui entre en vigueur le 1er janvier 1863. Cette d\u00e9claration a <strong>une port\u00e9e surtout symbolique <\/strong>puisque les sudistes ne reconnaissent plus l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral \u00e0 ce moment. <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/abolition-esclavage-luttes-droits-humains\/\">L\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage<\/a> est ensuite vot\u00e9e par le Congr\u00e8s le 31 janvier 1865, sous la forme du 13e amendement de la Constitution des \u00c9tats-Unis, qui entre en vigueur le 6 d\u00e9cembre 1865, une fois ratifi\u00e9 par les trois quarts des \u00c9tats. <strong>\ud83c\udf7e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>Le pr\u00e9sident antiesclavagiste Abraham Lincoln<\/strong> ne voit pas l\u2019abolition officielle de ses propres yeux puisqu\u2019il <strong>est bless\u00e9 par balle le 14 avril 1865 au th\u00e9\u00e2tre Ford, \u00e0 Washington, par John Wilkes Booth, et meurt le lendemain matin !<\/strong> \u271d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-discriminations-perdurent\">Les discriminations perdurent \ud83d\udc4e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bien que les Noirs obtiennent le droit de vote d\u00e8s 1867, ils n\u2019ont pas les m\u00eames droits civiques <\/strong>et de fait, manquent de libert\u00e9 politique. Pendant plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle, <strong>les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains subissent <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-segregation-raciale-aux-etats-unis\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"218530\">la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation<\/a>, notamment dans les \u00c9tats du Sud <\/strong>(pas \u00e9tonnant vu le contexte historique). Les mentalit\u00e9s esclavagistes persistent chez les sudistes, o\u00f9 l\u2019on observe <strong>la constitution de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes et de ligues supr\u00e9macistes blanches.<\/strong> \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>D\u2019ailleurs, <strong>si ce sujet t\u2019int\u00e9resse<\/strong>, tu peux regarder le film am\u00e9ricain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allocine.fr\/film\/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=176673.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>La couleur des sentiments<\/em><\/a>. Sorti en 2011, il raconte <strong>l\u2019histoire de trois femmes au destin oppos\u00e9<\/strong> qui se lient d\u2019amiti\u00e9 dans <strong>le Mississippi des ann\u00e9es 60.<\/strong> On ne t\u2019en dit pas plus. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recap\">R\u00e9cap\u2019 \u2705&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f Les \u00c9tats du Sud font s\u00e9cession, car leur \u00e9conomie repose sur les plantations et la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre issue de l\u2019esclavage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La guerre oppose les \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s dirig\u00e9s par Jefferson Davis \u00e0 l\u2019Union pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Abraham Lincoln.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f Les violents combats font de la guerre de S\u00e9cession la guerre la plus meurtri\u00e8re qu\u2019aient connue les \u00c9tats-Unis.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La victoire du Nord \u00e0 Gettysburg repr\u00e9sente un tournant majeur vers le d\u00e9nouement de la guerre civile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La guerre civile aboutit \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019esclavage, mais pas des discriminations envers les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu sais maintenant <strong>tout sur la guerre de S\u00e9cession, ce tournant majeur de l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine ! <\/strong>Ce conflit qui a oppos\u00e9 l\u2019Union \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration a marqu\u00e9 les esprits durant des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. <strong>Si tu gal\u00e8res dans tes r\u00e9visions, ou si tu es simplement curieux d\u2019en apprendre plus<\/strong>, tu peux prendre un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours particulier d\u2019histoire<\/a> avec l\u2019un de nos profs Sherpas. \u00c0 tr\u00e8s vite ! \ud83d\ude1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExc3RpbXUwazF0Ymd4NWhsb3kwam1zdmljZnZtY21zZGhtenB5MnV4OSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/UrcXN0zTfzTPi\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Fille qui dit au revoir en anglais\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;290403&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (2 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La Guerre de S\u00e9cession (1861-1865) : un conflit fratricide \ud83e\udd2f\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (2 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Connais-tu la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, cette guerre civile qui a d\u00e9chir\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique de 1861 \u00e0 1865 (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":369,"featured_media":290425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[383],"class_list":["post-290403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-etats-unis"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=290403"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290403\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=290403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=290403"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=290403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}