{"id":290403,"date":"2024-07-26T16:05:15","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T14:05:15","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=290403"},"modified":"2024-07-26T16:05:21","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T14:05:21","slug":"guerre-secession","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-secession\/","title":{"rendered":"La Guerre de S\u00e9cession (1861-1865) : un conflit fratricide \ud83e\udd2f\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Connais-tu <strong>la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, cette guerre civile qui a d\u00e9chir\u00e9 les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/quiz-etats-usa\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"261260\">\u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/a> <\/strong>pendant quatre ans ? <strong>Ce conflit entre les \u00c9tats du Sud et ceux du Nord est le plus meurtrier de l\u2019histoire de la nation encore aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong>. Entre le r\u00f4le majeur du pr\u00e9sident Abraham Lincoln, et les revendications \u00e9conomiques et identitaires de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, on te propose de<strong> plonger au c\u0153ur de cette p\u00e9riode cl\u00e9 des \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong>. <em>Ready? Let\u2019s go! <\/em>\ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res \u00e0 r\u00e9viser ? Nos profs Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider. \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deux soci\u00e9t\u00e9s oppos\u00e9es : un conflit id\u00e9ologique et \u00e9conomique \ud83d\udca5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La cause profonde de <strong>la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, aussi appel\u00e9e <\/strong><strong><em>The civil war<\/em><\/strong><strong>, <\/strong>repose dans <strong>l\u2019opposition entre les \u00c9tats du Nord et les \u00c9tats du Sud concernant l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage. <\/strong>Le premier \u00c9tat \u00e0 adopter une loi en ce sens est le Massachusetts en 1783. La traite n\u00e9gri\u00e8re, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la vente et le transport des esclaves, est interdite au d\u00e9but du XIXe, mais<strong> seuls les nordistes ont aboli l\u2019esclavage.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c Ce mouvement port\u00e9 par les nordistes cr\u00e9e une v\u00e9ritable rupture avec les \u00c9tats du Sud, dont <strong>l\u2019\u00e9conomie repose sur les plantations de coton et les exportations vers l\u2019Europe, et la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre se compose principalement d\u2019esclaves noirs.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2522\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2522\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">\u00c9tats du Nord<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">\u00c9tats du Sud<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Industriels<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Agraires<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Urbanis\u00e9s<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ruraux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Protectionnistes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Pour le libre-\u00e9change<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Antiesclavagistes<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Esclavagistes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2522 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Ouest et la loi de 1854 \ud83d\udc0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <em>westerns<\/em> et le <em>Far West<\/em> ne sont pas les seuls r\u00e9sultats de la mythique conqu\u00eate de l\u2019Ouest par les Am\u00e9ricains. <strong>Le d\u00e9placement progressif de la fronti\u00e8re des \u00c9tats-Unis cristallise le conflit entre le Sud et le Nord sur l\u2019autorisation ou non de l\u2019esclavage dans les nouveaux territoires. <\/strong>En 1854, Abraham Lincoln, alors avocat et membre du Parti r\u00e9publicain, s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la loi \u201cKansas-Nebraska\u201d sur ce sujet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>De m\u00eame que <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">je refuse d&#8217;\u00eatre un esclave<\/span>, je refuse d&#8217;\u00eatre <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">un ma\u00eetre<\/span>. Telle est <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">mon id\u00e9e de la d\u00e9mocratie.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Abraham Lincoln<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Abraham Lincoln pr\u00e9sident en 1860 \ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pr\u00e9sident antiesclavagiste mod\u00e9r\u00e9 \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 6 novembre 1860, Abraham Lincoln est \u00e9lu pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis. <\/strong>Pourtant, \u00e0 cet instant, le pays est tout sauf une union. <strong>L\u2019\u00e9lu du Parti r\u00e9publicain<\/strong> tente de pr\u00e9server le peu d\u2019harmonie entre les \u00c9tats en n\u2019abolissant pas l\u2019esclavage. Mais<strong> les sudistes interpr\u00e8tent son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir comme une menace et une provocation directe envers eux.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExeTlraXQyYXJhdjJubXgwNmZpamF1b3MwNm14c2RmbjZhbWFyMDlzciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/wp0o7izPvhozgdm53d\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"homme qui regarde par la fen\u00eatre\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les \u00c9tats du Sud qui se pr\u00e9parent \u00e0 faire s\u00e9cession<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00c9tats du Sud font s\u00e9cession \ud83d\ude45\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration \ud83d\udcdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 20 d\u00e9cembre 1860, la Caroline du Sud est le premier \u00c9tat \u00e0 faire s\u00e9cession,<\/strong> c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 se d\u00e9clarer comme ind\u00e9pendante du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral. Le 8 f\u00e9vrier 1861, la G\u00e9orgie, l\u2019Alabama, la Floride, le Mississippi, la Louisiane et le Texas quittent l\u2019Union et forment, avec la Caroline du Sud, les \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s d\u2019Am\u00e9rique.<strong> Pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Jefferson Davis, la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration proclame une nouvelle Constitution \u00e0 Montgomery, en Alabama.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9clenchement du conflit arm\u00e9, la Virginie, l\u2019Arkansas, le Tennessee et la Caroline du Nord se joignent aux conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s (en rouge sur la carte ci-dessous). <strong>La capitale des \u00c9tats s\u00e9cessionnistes se d\u00e9place alors \u00e0 Richmond, en Virginie.<\/strong>\ud83d\udccd<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"950\" height=\"593\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png\" alt=\"Carte des \u00c9tats-Unis en 1864\" class=\"wp-image-290410\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=950 950w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=200 200w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=594 594w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/07\/image.png?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 950px) 100vw, 950px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Carte de la division des \u00c9tats-Unis en 1864 &#8211; Wikimedia Commons<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Quelle r\u00e9ponse de la part de l\u2019Union ? \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Abraham Lincoln entend <strong>pr\u00e9server l\u2019unit\u00e9 nationale<\/strong>. En cela, <strong>il ne reconna\u00eet pas l\u2019ind\u00e9pendance des sudistes<\/strong>. Le pr\u00e9sident am\u00e9ricain <strong>refuse de retirer les garnisons f\u00e9d\u00e9rales<\/strong> dans les \u00c9tats s\u00e9cessionnistes.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9but de l\u2019affrontement : l\u2019attaque de fort Sumter&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 12 avril 1861,<\/strong> alors que l\u2019Union tente de ravitailler par voie marine ses troupes f\u00e9d\u00e9rales sur la baie de Charleston, <strong>Jefferson Davis et le camp des esclavagistes attaquent le fort Sumter.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 C\u2019est <strong>le d\u00e9but de la Guerre de S\u00e9cession<\/strong>, la mobilisation est lanc\u00e9e dans les deux camps.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les capacit\u00e9s militaires \ud83c\udf96\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019Union poss\u00e8de un budget militaire deux fois plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que celui de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration.<\/strong> De plus, le Nord dispose de meilleurs \u00e9quipements en raison de son industrialisation, d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de transport d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 et d\u2019une puissante marine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2523\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2523\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Sudistes<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Nordistes<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">9 millions d\u2019habitants dont 3,7 millions d\u2019esclaves noirs <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">22 millions d'habitants <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ral en chef : Robert Edward Lee, dit Lee<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">G\u00e9n\u00e9ral en chef : Ulysse S. Grant, dit Grant <br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2523 from cache -->\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9roulement de la Guerre de S\u00e9cession \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des succ\u00e8s pour les sudistes \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but, le Nord tente de s\u2019emparer de Richmond, la capitale de la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration o\u00f9 si\u00e8ge Jefferson Davis. <strong>La premi\u00e8re bataille de Bull Run, le 21 juillet 1861, est une victoire pour les conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s malgr\u00e9 leur inf\u00e9riorit\u00e9 num\u00e9rique.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26f5Durant l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1862, le pr\u00e9sident Lincoln met en place <strong>un blocus des c\u00f4tes du Sud pour entraver leur ravitaillement, <\/strong>mais la flotte des nordistes se fait couler. Finalement, les sudistes parviennent \u00e0 r\u00e9sister aux troupes du Nord, jusqu\u2019au 17 septembre 1862, date de <strong>leur d\u00e9faite lors de la sanglante bataille d\u2019Antietam.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca3 <\/strong><strong>La derni\u00e8re victoire significative des sudistes se d\u00e9roule \u00e0 Chancellorsville,<\/strong> entre les deux capitales, <strong>du 1er au 4 mai 1863<\/strong>. Les hommes du camp sudiste s\u2019opposent \u00e0 l\u2019arm\u00e9e du Potomac, dirig\u00e9e par le g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Joe Hooker, dit <em>Fighting Joe.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019union domine : le tournant de Gettysburg \ud83d\udd1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le 1er juillet 1863, l\u2019arm\u00e9e des conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s, port\u00e9e par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Lee, affronte les hommes de l\u2019arm\u00e9e du Potomac en Pennsylvanie, au cours de la bataille de Gettysburg. <\/strong>Cet affrontement se termine par une victoire du Nord apr\u00e8s de massives pertes et marque un tournant dans la guerre. D\u00e9sormais, c\u2019est l\u2019Union qui a l\u2019avantage.\u265f\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>La bataille de Gettysburg est la plus meurtri\u00e8re<\/strong> de toute la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, faisant <strong>23 000 victimes<\/strong> au total. \ud83d\ude28<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Seulement trois jours apr\u00e8s ce succ\u00e8s militaire, <strong>les hommes de l\u2019Union, <\/strong>dirig\u00e9s par le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Grant, parviennent \u00e0 s\u2019emparer de <strong>Vicksburg, une forteresse strat\u00e9gique<\/strong> dans le Mississippi. <strong>Cette victoire leur permet de contr\u00f4ler la Vall\u00e9e du Mississippi et d\u2019affaiblir largement le camp sudiste qui se retrouve coup\u00e9 en deux. <\/strong><strong>\u26a1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 Notre article sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-guerre-du-vietnam\/\">guerre du Vietnam<\/a> pourrait te plaire.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9nouement : la victoire de Lincoln \ud83c\udf89<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir remport\u00e9 d\u2019autres points strat\u00e9giques, dont la ville d\u2019Atlanta le 2 septembre 1864, le G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Grant et ses hommes continuent de se diriger vers la Virginie. <strong>Ils p\u00e9n\u00e8trent dans la ville de Richmond, capitale des conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s, le 9 avril 1865, lors de la bataille d\u2019Appomattox Court House. <\/strong>Ce dernier affrontement met fin \u00e0 la guerre et se solde par la fuite d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9e de Jefferson Davis, pr\u00e9sident des sudistes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Chiffres cl\u00e9s : quel bilan ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 615 000 \u00e0 <strong>620 000 morts<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>4 millions<\/strong> de mobilis\u00e9s<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> 359 000 morts chez les nordistes<\/strong> contre <strong>258 000 chez les sudistes<\/strong> (le reste des victimes sont des civils)<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une possible r\u00e9conciliation ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude4f De retour \u00e0 la Maison-Blanche en tant que pr\u00e9sident des \u00c9tats-Unis,<strong> Abraham Lincoln tente de r\u00e9concilier les deux parties<\/strong>, entamant des d\u00e9marches de r\u00e9conciliation et de pardon alors qu\u2019il vient de recevoir la capitulation des esclavagistes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2764\ufe0f\u200d\ud83e\ude79 <strong>Les radicaux du Parti r\u00e9publicain entravent la r\u00e9conciliation en essayant d\u2019affaiblir les \u00e9lites politiques des \u00c9tats du Sud, <\/strong>dont les \u00e9conomies sont touch\u00e9es par l\u2019abolition de l&#8217;esclavage. <strong>La r\u00e9conciliation entre le Sud et le Nord ne se fait que dans les ann\u00e9es 1870<\/strong>, lorsque les R\u00e9publicains perdent la majorit\u00e9 au Congr\u00e8s am\u00e9ricain.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La lutte contre la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation continue \u270a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le vote du Congr\u00e8s abolit l\u2019esclavage \ud83e\udd73<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors que la nation am\u00e9ricaine se d\u00e9chire dans une guerre fratricide, <strong>Abraham Lincoln proclame l\u2019Acte d\u2019\u00e9mancipation des esclaves sur les territoires du sud en septembre 1862<\/strong>, prenant effet le 1er janvier suivant. Cette d\u00e9claration a <strong>une port\u00e9e surtout symbolique <\/strong>puisque les sudistes ne reconnaissent plus l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du gouvernement f\u00e9d\u00e9ral \u00e0 ce moment. Ainsi, <strong>l\u2019abolition de l\u2019esclavage est officiellement adopt\u00e9e par le Congr\u00e8s le 6 d\u00e9cembre 1865, dans le 13e amendement de la Constitution des \u00c9tats-Unis. <\/strong><strong>\ud83c\udf7e<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>Le pr\u00e9sident antiesclavagiste Abraham Lincoln<\/strong> ne voit pas l\u2019abolition officielle de ses propres yeux puisqu\u2019il <strong>est assassin\u00e9 le 14 avril 1865 !<\/strong> \u271d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les discriminations perdurent \ud83d\udc4e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Bien que les Noirs obtiennent le droit de vote d\u00e8s 1867, ils n\u2019ont pas les m\u00eames droits civiques <\/strong>et de fait, manquent de libert\u00e9 politique. Pendant plus d\u2019un si\u00e8cle, <strong>les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains subissent <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-segregation-raciale-aux-etats-unis\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"218530\">la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation<\/a>, notamment dans les \u00c9tats du Sud <\/strong>(pas \u00e9tonnant vu le contexte historique). Les mentalit\u00e9s esclavagistes persistent chez les sudistes, o\u00f9 l\u2019on observe <strong>la constitution de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes et de ligues supr\u00e9macistes blanches.<\/strong> \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>D\u2019ailleurs, <strong>si ce sujet t\u2019int\u00e9resse<\/strong>, tu peux regarder le film am\u00e9ricain <a href=\"https:\/\/www.allocine.fr\/film\/fichefilm_gen_cfilm=176673.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\"><em>La couleur des sentiments<\/em><\/a>. Sorti en 2011, il raconte <strong>l\u2019histoire de trois femmes au destin oppos\u00e9<\/strong> qui se lient d\u2019amiti\u00e9 dans <strong>le Mississippi des ann\u00e9es 60.<\/strong> On ne t\u2019en dit pas plus. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9cap\u2019 \u2705&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f Les \u00c9tats du Sud font s\u00e9cession, car leur \u00e9conomie repose sur les plantations et la main-d\u2019\u0153uvre issue de l\u2019esclavage.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La guerre oppose les \u00c9tats conf\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s dirig\u00e9s par Jefferson Davis \u00e0 l\u2019Union pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par Abraham Lincoln.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f Les violents combats font de la Guerre de S\u00e9cession la plus meurtri\u00e8re qu\u2019ont connu les \u00c9tats-Unis.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La victoire du Nord \u00e0 Gettysburg repr\u00e9sente un tournant majeur vers le d\u00e9nouement de la guerre civile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2714\ufe0f La guerre civile aboutit \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019esclavage, mais pas des discriminations envers les Afro-Am\u00e9ricains.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu sais maintenant <strong>tout sur la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, ce point crucial de l\u2019histoire am\u00e9ricaine ! <\/strong>Ce conflit qui a oppos\u00e9 l\u2019Union \u00e0 la Conf\u00e9d\u00e9ration a marqu\u00e9 les esprits durant des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations. <strong>Si tu gal\u00e8res dans tes r\u00e9visions, ou que tu es simplement curieux d\u2019en apprendre plus<\/strong>, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 prendre un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours particulier d\u2019histoire<\/a> avec l\u2019un de profs Sherpas. \u00c0 tr\u00e8s vite ! \ud83d\ude1a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExc3RpbXUwazF0Ymd4NWhsb3kwam1zdmljZnZtY21zZGhtenB5MnV4OSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/UrcXN0zTfzTPi\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Fille qui dit au revoir en anglais\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;290403&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La Guerre de S\u00e9cession (1861-1865) : un conflit fratricide \ud83e\udd2f\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Connais-tu la Guerre de S\u00e9cession, cette guerre civile qui a d\u00e9chir\u00e9 les \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique pendant quatre ans ? (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":369,"featured_media":290425,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[383],"class_list":["post-290403","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-etats-unis"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290403","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=290403"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/290403\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/290425"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=290403"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=290403"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=290403"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}