{"id":288575,"date":"2024-12-06T10:36:23","date_gmt":"2024-12-06T09:36:23","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=288575"},"modified":"2025-05-13T16:02:15","modified_gmt":"2025-05-13T14:02:15","slug":"departements-francais","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/departements-francais\/","title":{"rendered":"La v\u00e9ritable histoire des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Que tu habites dans les montagnes en Savoie, \u00e0 la campagne dans les Yvelines pr\u00e8s de Paris, ou du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la Charente-Maritime, tu ne connais peut-\u00eatre pas <strong>l\u2019histoire des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>. La carte du territoire fran\u00e7ais est divis\u00e9e en 101 d\u00e9partements, dont cinq sont des d\u00e9partements d\u2019outre-mer. Mais <strong>d\u2019o\u00f9 provient ce d\u00e9coupage <\/strong>? Quels <strong>\u00e9v\u00e9nements historiques<\/strong> <strong>ont influenc\u00e9 la cr\u00e9ation des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> ? Si tu es curieux d\u2019en savoir plus sur ce sujet, tu es sur la bonne page ! Pr\u00eat ? Let\u2019s go ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Prends un cours particulier d&#8217;histoire avec l&#8217;un de nos profs Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le premier d\u00e9coupage du territoire \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise \ud83c\udf43<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une r\u00e9forme avant tout politique \u270a&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc51 Sous l\u2019ancien r\u00e9gime, le d\u00e9coupage du royaume donne lieu \u00e0 <strong>des provinces tr\u00e8s in\u00e9galitaires<\/strong>, qui ne re\u00e7oivent pas toutes le m\u00eame traitement par le pouvoir royal. <strong>Au lendemain de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/dates-revolution-francaise\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"220845\">R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/a> et de l\u2019abolition des privil\u00e8ges<\/strong>, les d\u00e9put\u00e9s cherchent \u00e0 <strong>d\u00e9couper le pays en d\u00e9partements \u00e9gaux,<\/strong> afin de permettre<strong> une meilleure r\u00e9partition des services publics<\/strong> et une repr\u00e9sentation des citoyens plus \u00e9galitaire. L\u2019id\u00e9e est de <strong>donner le m\u00eame poids politique \u00e0 tout le territoire fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>, pour appliquer <strong>la souverainet\u00e9 populaire<\/strong> issue de la r\u00e9volution. Sous la R\u00e9publique, le d\u00e9partement devient alors<strong> la base de la vie politique et de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/histoire-de-la-democratie\/\">exercice de la d\u00e9mocratie locale<\/a> <\/strong>dans le pays.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">Rapprocher <\/span>l&#8217;administration <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">des hommes<\/span> et y admettre <span style=\"color: #ff00ff;\">un plus grand concours de citoyens.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Mirabeau<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">d\u00e9put\u00e9 \u00e0 l&#8217;Assembl\u00e9e nationale<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le 7 novembre 1793, <strong>les Montagnards font passer une loi<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale qui<strong> renomme le d\u00e9partement Vend\u00e9e par \u201cVeng\u00e9\u201d<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quels sont les crit\u00e8res de d\u00e9coupage des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais ? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Plusieurs cartes propos\u00e9es par des d\u00e9put\u00e9s et g\u00e9ographes fran\u00e7ais sont soumises \u00e0 Paris \u00e0 <strong>une commission compos\u00e9e de Talleyrand, Siey\u00e8s et Le Chapelier<\/strong>. Cette commission de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale <strong>s\u2019inspire de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-independance-usa\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"263041\">la cr\u00e9ation des \u00c9tats-Unis d\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/a><\/strong> pour organiser le pays. L\u2019id\u00e9e est que <strong>chaque citoyen puisse faire l\u2019aller-retour \u00e0 cheval jusqu\u2019au chef-lieu <\/strong>dans la journ\u00e9e. Mais il faut \u00e9galement que l\u2019organisation territoriale prenne en compte<strong> les donn\u00e9es physiques du terrain <\/strong>! La carte est alors adapt\u00e9e et sa version finale est atteinte en 1790, avec <strong>la cr\u00e9ation des 83 d\u00e9partements originaux<\/strong>. Districts, cantons, et communes : on dessine aussi <strong>des subdivisions au sein des d\u00e9partements.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1399\" height=\"1400\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/carte-de-france-1789.jpg\" alt=\"C\u00e9cile SOUCHON et Marie-\u00c9lisabeth ANTOINE, \u00ab La formation des d\u00e9partements \u00bb, Histoire par l'image [en ligne], consult\u00e9 le 15\/01\/2025. URL : https:\/\/histoire-image.org\/etudes\/formation-departements\" class=\"wp-image-300041\" style=\"aspect-ratio:1;width:354px;height:auto\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>C\u00e9cile SOUCHON et Marie-\u00c9lisabeth ANTOINE, \u00ab La formation des d\u00e9partements \u00bb, Histoire par l&#8217;image [en ligne], consult\u00e9 le 15\/01\/2025. URL : https:\/\/histoire-image.org\/etudes\/formation-departements<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Par la suite, quelques petits changements sous la premi\u00e8re R\u00e9publique conduisent \u00e0 <strong>la cr\u00e9ation de nouveaux d\u00e9partements<\/strong>, dont le nombre passe \u00e0 86, avec notamment <strong>l\u2019annexion du comtat Venaissin<\/strong>, ainsi que <strong>la division du Rh\u00f4ne et Loire<\/strong> en deux, formant les d\u00e9partements\u2026 <em>suspens<\/em>\u2026 du Rh\u00f4ne et de la Loire ! \ud83d\ude43<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle est l&#8217;origine de la cr\u00e9ation des noms des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019administration des noms des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais a pour but de <strong>supprimer l\u2019h\u00e9ritage royal<\/strong>. Les d\u00e9put\u00e9s de la premi\u00e8re R\u00e9publique choisissent donc <strong>des lieux neutres auxquels n\u2019importe quel citoyen peut s\u2019identifier<\/strong>, en s\u2019inspirant des <strong>donn\u00e9es g\u00e9ographiques<\/strong> de chaque d\u00e9partement. L\u2019Ari\u00e8ge prend le nom de la rivi\u00e8re, les Vosges celui du massif de montagnes, la Loire et la Seine ceux des fleuves, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 D\u2019ailleurs, plusieurs d\u00e9partements portent <strong>les adjectifs \u201cbas\u201d ou \u201cinf\u00e9rieur\u201d<\/strong> dans leur nom, comme par exemple la Charente-Inf\u00e9rieure. Plus tard, <strong>ces attributs sont remplac\u00e9s par d\u2019autres termes<\/strong> car on consid\u00e8re que c\u2019est un peu rabaissant (se faire traiter de Basses-Alpes, c\u2019est pas le top). \u00c0 noter que <strong>le seul d\u00e9partement qui conserve l\u2019adjectif est le Bas-Rhin.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>C\u2019est en 1920 que l\u2019on adopte d\u00e9finitivement <strong>le classement par ordre alphab\u00e9tique des d\u00e9partements<\/strong>. Par exemple, c\u2019est l\u2019Yonne qui prend <strong>la derni\u00e8re place avec le num\u00e9ro 89<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83c\udf05 L\u2019Empire : une nouvelle administration sous Napol\u00e9on&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les conqu\u00eates napol\u00e9oniennes \ud83d\udc0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est <strong>\u00e0 la suite des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-guerres-napoleoniennes\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"242296\">conqu\u00eates de l\u2019Empire<\/a> sous <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/portrait-de-napoleon\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"243697\">Napol\u00e9on<\/a><\/strong> que la carte des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais se redessine. Cette parenth\u00e8se pousse <strong>le nombre de d\u00e9partements \u00e0 134 en 1812<\/strong>, parmi lesquels 47 sont \u00e9trangers ! N\u00e9anmoins, <strong>\u00e0 la chute de l\u2019Empire<\/strong>, on revient \u00e0 l\u2019organisation du territoire de 1790 avec 86 d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cr\u00e9ation des pr\u00e9fets par Napol\u00e9on\u265f\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans l\u2019organisation pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente du royaume fran\u00e7ais en provinces, ce sont<strong> les intendants qui repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/strong> et qui font la loi dans les territoires. <strong>Tr\u00e8s impopulaires<\/strong>, ils disparaissent \u00e0 la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. Toutefois, Napol\u00e9on s\u2019en inspire et nomme <strong>le premier pr\u00e9fet en 1800<\/strong>. V\u00e9ritables<strong> reflets de l\u2019\u00c9tat \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle territoriale<\/strong>, ils jouent <strong>un r\u00f4le cl\u00e9 pour l\u2019Empire<\/strong> car ils veillent au <strong>respect de la loi dans tout le pays<\/strong>. Leurs comp\u00e9tences incluent \u00e9galement <strong>le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique et social des d\u00e9partements.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Ce n\u2019est seulement en 1974 que <strong>la premi\u00e8re sous-pr\u00e9f\u00e8te de France<\/strong> est nomm\u00e9e, Florence Hugodot, suivie en 1981 par<strong> la toute premi\u00e8re pr\u00e9f\u00e8te<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les changements au XIXe et XXe si\u00e8cles : l\u2019annexion de territoires \ud83d\udc4b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les gains territoriaux&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddff <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-d-algerie\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"245014\">L\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/a>, colonis\u00e9e en 1830<\/strong>, est divis\u00e9e en trois d\u00e9partements : Oran, Alger et Constantine. Plus tard, cette organisation est modifi\u00e9e mais <strong>ces territoires ne sont jamais compt\u00e9s dans les 86 d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> et disposent d\u2019un statut sp\u00e9cial jusqu\u2019en 1962.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddf9 En 1860, \u00e0 la suite du trait\u00e9 de Turin, la France annexe les territoires de la Savoie et de la Haute-Savoie, ainsi que le comt\u00e9 de Nice, qui devient le d\u00e9partement des Alpes-Maritimes (avec une partie du Var). Ces territoires faisaient alors partie du Royaume de Sardaigne, un \u00c9tat cl\u00e9 dans le processus d\u2019unification italienne qui aboutira en 1861. Avec ces annexions, la France passe \u00e0 89 d\u00e9partements.alors \u00e0 89 d\u00e9partements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La parenth\u00e8se de la guerre franco-prussienne \ud83e\ude96<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Alsace-Lorraine, r\u00e9gion o\u00f9 l\u2019on parle le lorrain, est <strong>annex\u00e9e par l\u2019Allemagne<\/strong> apr\u00e8s la guerre franco-prussienne. Le pays <strong>perd le d\u00e9partement du Bas-Rhin ainsi que des morceaux d\u2019autres d\u00e9partements voisins<\/strong>, conduisant \u00e0 un retour aux 86 d\u00e9partements. En 1919, le pays r\u00e9cup\u00e8re l&#8217;Alsace-Lorraine, mais l\u2019organisation de ce bout du territoire est modifi\u00e9e. \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le territoire de Belfort : le 90\u1d49 d\u00e9partement \ud83c\udff0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Ce territoire na\u00eet officiellement du <strong>trait\u00e9 qui met fin \u00e0 la guerre franco-prussienne<\/strong> en 1871, mais il fait <strong>partie du Haut-Rhin<\/strong> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la loi de 1922, qui lui accorde <strong>le statut de\u00a0 d\u00e9partement \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les d\u00e9partements d\u2019outre-mer \ud83c\udfdd\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1946, la Guadeloupe, la Martinique, la Guyane et La R\u00e9union deviennent<strong> officiellement des d\u00e9partements du territoire fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>, avec la cr\u00e9ation du num\u00e9ro 97, suivi d\u2019un suffixe diff\u00e9rent pour chaque territoire. Par exemple, la Martinique porte le num\u00e9ro 97-2. \ud83c\udf0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cr\u00e9ation des derniers d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais : les 101 \u2705<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd50 En 1964, la ville de Paris d\u00e9cide d\u2019<strong>une nouvelle organisation des d\u00e9partements de la r\u00e9gion \u00cele-de-France<\/strong>, caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par <strong>une forte densit\u00e9 de population<\/strong>. Ce d\u00e9coupage permet<strong> la cr\u00e9ation de cinq nouveaux d\u00e9partements <\/strong>qui portent les num\u00e9ros de 91 \u00e0 95 (qui avant \u00e9taient ceux des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/empire-colonial-francais\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"243874\">colonies d\u2019Afrique du Nord<\/a>). Les cinq num\u00e9ros sont <strong>attribu\u00e9s par ordre alphab\u00e9tique<\/strong> : l\u2019Essonne porte le num\u00e9ro 91 tandis que le Val d&#8217;oise adopte le 95. La Seine-Saint-Denis quant \u00e0 elle porte le 93.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83c\udf1e La barre des 100 d\u00e9partements <\/strong>est atteinte en 1976 avec<strong> la division de la Corse en deux d\u00e9partements<\/strong>. Attention, les num\u00e9ros sont 20A et 20B, il n\u2019y a pas de 96 ! Enfin, <strong>le 101\u1d49 d\u00e9partement voit le jour en 2011 avec la Mayotte<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fin-de-la-colonisation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"247821\">ancienne colonie fran\u00e7aise<\/a>, qui prend le num\u00e9ro 97-6, suivant le mod\u00e8le des d\u00e9partements d\u2019outre-mer d\u00e9j\u00e0 existants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/histoire-langue-francaise\/\">la v\u00e9ritable histoire de la langue fran\u00e7aise<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1980 : un mouvement de d\u00e9centralisation \u2728<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 80, on constate que <strong>les collectivit\u00e9s locales se d\u00e9tachent de la tutelle administrative de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/strong>. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle la territorialisation :<strong> un processus de d\u00e9finition locale des probl\u00e8mes publics.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 De 1982 \u00e0 1986, sous l\u2019impulsion du ministre de l&#8217;Int\u00e9rieur, Gaston Deferre, <strong>plusieurs textes l\u00e9gislatifs sont alors adopt\u00e9s<\/strong> afin de r\u00e9aliser <strong>un transfert de comp\u00e9tences <\/strong>depuis l\u2019\u00c9tat (l\u2019administration centrale) vers les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales, le conseil r\u00e9gional et le conseil d\u00e9partemental (l\u2019administration d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e). On peut noter par exemple<strong> la cr\u00e9ation d\u2019une loi qui restreint le pouvoir du pr\u00e9fet<\/strong>. Puis, en 2003, Paris accorde <strong>plus de comp\u00e9tences au conseil d\u00e9partemental <\/strong>en mati\u00e8re <strong>de tourisme, de formation professionnelle ou encore de logement social.<\/strong> Ce mouvement de d\u00e9centralisation se perp\u00e9tue jusqu\u2019\u00e0 aujourd\u2019hui, avec <strong>une demande d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de plus en plus forte<\/strong> de la part du territoire fran\u00e7ais.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>La collectivit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne d\u2019Alsace (CeA) \ud83e\udd68<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2021, cette organisation r\u00e9unit <strong>les d\u00e9partements alsaciens du Haut-Rhin et du Bas-Rhin<\/strong>. L\u2019objectif est de transf\u00e9rer <strong>les comp\u00e9tences importantes d\u2019un conseil d\u00e9partemental<\/strong> \u00e0 la collectivit\u00e9 europ\u00e9enne, afin qu\u2019elle puisse g\u00e9rer<strong> les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de l\u2019Alsace<\/strong>. Par exemple, la CeA a des comp\u00e9tences en<strong> politique touristique<\/strong>, en <strong>promotion du bilinguisme<\/strong>, ou encore dans <strong>la coop\u00e9ration transfrontali\u00e8re avec l\u2019Allemagne et la Suisse.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/arrondissements-paris\/\">La v\u00e9ritable histoire des arrondissements de Paris<\/a> pour tout comprendre !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\ud83d\udcc6 Les r\u00e9formes et enjeux actuels&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais sont-ils en voie de disparition ? \ud83d\udc40<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Outre la r\u00e9forme territoriale de 2019 qui a redessin\u00e9 la carte des r\u00e9gions fran\u00e7aises, <strong>la question de la fusion ou de la suppression de certains d\u00e9partements <\/strong>se pose actuellement. Ces d\u00e9bats se situent dans le contexte de critiques du mouvement de d\u00e9centralisation : cela rajoute <strong>de la complexit\u00e9 administrative<\/strong> et l\u2019\u00e9chelle d\u00e9partementale n\u2019est pas adapt\u00e9e notamment, car elle <strong>manque de moyens financiers<\/strong>. De r\u00e9centes r\u00e9formes impos\u00e9es par Paris essayent alors de donner <strong>plus de comp\u00e9tences aux r\u00e9gions et communes<\/strong>. Malgr\u00e9 tout, on constate bien que <strong>les d\u00e9partements existent toujours<\/strong>, et c\u2019est beaucoup li\u00e9 \u00e0<strong> l\u2019aspect identitaire qu\u2019ils repr\u00e9sentent pour les Fran\u00e7ais <\/strong>! \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le changement de nom : une question d\u2019identit\u00e9 \ud83d\ude0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Revendiquer le num\u00e9ro du d\u00e9partement dans lequel on habite comme <strong>symbole identitaire <\/strong>est <strong>une tradition dans certains territoires<\/strong>, comme par exemple en Ile-de-France, ou encore dans le 64 (Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Atlantique). C\u2019est pourquoi <strong>les habitants des Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Orientales<\/strong> plaident actuellement pour <strong>modifier le nom de leur d\u00e9partement<\/strong> et le remplacer par <strong>un terme plus identitaire<\/strong>, comme Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e ou encore Pyr\u00e9n\u00e9es-Catalanes. \ud83c\udfd4\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Et voil\u00e0, tu en sais maintenant plus sur <strong>l\u2019histoire passionnante des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais <\/strong>! On esp\u00e8re que cet article t\u2019a permis de <strong>satisfaire ta curiosit\u00e9<\/strong>. Si tu as <strong>besoin d\u2019un conseil ou d\u2019un coup de pouce pour r\u00e9viser<\/strong>, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">prendre un cours particulier d\u2019histoire en ligne<\/a> avec l\u2019un de nos profs Sherpas !&nbsp;\u26a1<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;288575&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La v\u00e9ritable histoire des d\u00e9partements fran\u00e7ais \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Que tu habites dans les montagnes en Savoie, \u00e0 la campagne dans les Yvelines pr\u00e8s de Paris, ou (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":369,"featured_media":288577,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[358,746],"class_list":["post-288575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-france","tag-la-veritable-histoire"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288575","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=288575"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/288575\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/288577"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=288575"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=288575"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=288575"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}