{"id":283740,"date":"2024-04-15T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-15T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=283740"},"modified":"2024-04-12T13:40:07","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T11:40:07","slug":"malcolm-x","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/malcolm-x\/","title":{"rendered":"Malcolm X, porte-\u00e9tendard des droits des noirs\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Si les militants pacifistes ont eu pour repr\u00e9sentant <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/martin-luther-king-junior\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"253270\">Martin Luther King<\/a>, les militants un peu plus hargneux, ont eu comme chef de fil <strong>le tr\u00e8s charismatique Malcolm X<\/strong>. Grande figure du combat des droits pour les noirs aux \u00c9tats-Unis, le natif du Nebraska a jou\u00e9 toute sa vie avec le feu pour que les personnes de couleur <strong>ne soient pas plus pers\u00e9cut\u00e9es.<\/strong> Jetons un coup d\u2019oeil sur cet homme qui a marqu\u00e9 de son empreinte le militantisme. \u270a\ud83c\udfff<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdW9vMjA2dnVzajIwOGVob3k3YmFmZ3d0dWtyZTM4bWVjYTZ5M3ViYyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/l0MYCihCFQacWJv5m\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Trois hommes qui manifestent \" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2431\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2431\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Nom<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Malcolm Little ou El-H\u00e2jj M\u00e2lik al-Shabazz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Date de naissance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">19 mai 1925 \u00e0 Omaha, Nebraska, USA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Mort<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">21 f\u00e9vrier 1965, Harlem, New York<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Profession<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Orateur, militant<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d&rsquo;aide dans une mati\u00e8re ? Prends un cours de soutien scolaire avec le Sherpa de ton choix !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert ! \n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-jeunesse-de-malcolm-x-entre-segregation-et-delinquance\">La jeunesse de Malcolm X, entre s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation et d\u00e9linquance \ud83d\udd25<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9 en 1925 dans le Nebraska, un \u00c9tat situ\u00e9 en plein centre des \u00c9tats-Unis, Malcolm Little est <strong>le quatri\u00e8me enfant d\u2019une fratrie de sept.<\/strong> Enfant afro-am\u00e9ricain, le jeune Malcolm connait une enfance compliqu\u00e9e : \u00e0 quatre ans, il voit sa maison dans le Michigan partir dans <strong>un incendie \u00e0 cause du Ku Klux Klan. \ud83d\udd6f\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deux ans plus tard, son p\u00e8re, pr\u00eacher baptiste et soutien du nationaliste noir, Marcus Garvey, est mort renvers\u00e9 par un train en \u00e9tant attach\u00e9 aux rails. Toute sa vie, Malcolm a suspect\u00e9 les membres de <em>Black Legion<\/em>, <strong>un groupe supr\u00e9maciste blanc reli\u00e9 au Klan<\/strong>, d\u2019avoir tu\u00e9 son p\u00e8re. \ud83d\udd2a<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) est <strong>une des figures les plus importantes du nationalisme noir<\/strong> et du panafricanisme de la premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle. Il a fond\u00e9 une des plus grandes organisations noires de l\u2019histoire, <strong>la Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Sa m\u00e8re, d\u00e9boussol\u00e9e, finit en h\u00f4pital psychiatrique et en 1939, il se retrouve s\u00e9par\u00e9 de ses fr\u00e8res et s\u0153urs, <strong>tous envoy\u00e9s en pension ou en maison d\u2019accueil.<\/strong> Jeune ado rebelle, il quitte l\u2019\u00e9cole \u00e0 14 ans et va vivre chez une demi-s\u0153ur pr\u00e8s de Boston o\u00f9 il va enchainer les d\u00e9lits en <strong>vendant de la drogue et montant un gang de voleurs <\/strong>sur New-York.&nbsp; \ud83d\uddfd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourtant, bon \u00e9l\u00e8ve, il a v\u00e9cu de plein fouet la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation quand ses professeurs lui ont rappel\u00e9 qu\u2019il \u00e9tait impossible qu\u2019il devienne avocat \u00e0 cause de sa peau noire. \ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udfff<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                  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                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-renaissance-au-sein-de-la-nation-of-islam\">Une renaissance au sein de la Nation of Islam \ud83e\udd32\ud83c\udffe<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"de-malcolm-little-a-malcolm-x\">De Malcolm Little \u00e0 Malcolm X \ud83e\udd35\ud83c\udfff\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1946, Malcolm Little est emprisonn\u00e9 <strong>pour 10 ans pour ses divers d\u00e9lits. <\/strong>C\u2019est \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode qu\u2019il va d\u2019abord <strong>se tourner vers la lecture pour am\u00e9liorer son \u00e9ducation.<\/strong> Il d\u00e9vore les livres de la biblioth\u00e8que de la prison et d\u00e9cide <strong>de changer son nom en Malcolm X.<\/strong> Little \u00e9tant le nom blanc de son anc\u00eatre esclave, Malcolm refuse de poss\u00e9der ce nom et choisi X comme nouveau nom (en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence bien s\u00fbr \u00e0 l\u2019inconnu math\u00e9matique). \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce choix est reli\u00e9 au fait que Malcolm X a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de rejoindre Nation of Islam. Son fr\u00e8re Reginald, faisant d\u00e9j\u00e0 partie de l\u2019organisation religieuse, va lui faire conna\u00eetre les coutumes et <strong>l\u2019id\u00e9ologie de ce mouvement qu\u2019il rejoint \u00e0 sa sortie de prison en 1952.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExOGthb2Y5MXA3cnhodWJobzU4aXFrM3U4Y3VpeDg1YXJvc2VpcnZ2ciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/6901DbEbbm4o0\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mel Gibson sur un cheval \" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-rencontre-marquante-avec-elijah-muhammad\">Une rencontre marquante avec Elijah Muhammad \ud83e\udd1d\ud83c\udfff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors de son int\u00e9gration \u00e0 Nation of Islam, Malcolm X va rencontrer<strong> le leader de l\u2019organisation politico-religieuse.<\/strong> En l\u2019int\u00e9grant, il devient d\u00e9sormais un <em>black muslim<\/em>, un homme noir qui a <strong>rejet\u00e9 le christianisme et un nom d\u2019origine europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> (donc blanche). Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9chang\u00e9 \u00e0 plusieurs reprises avec Elijah Muhammad par lettre depuis 1948, <strong>Malcolm le rencontre enfin et devient un porte-parole du groupe. \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour faire passer le message de la Nation of Islam, il n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 utiliser tous les canaux de diffusion possibles dans les m\u00e9dias : <strong>radio, journaux, t\u00e9l\u00e9vision.<\/strong> Son charisme naturel et son talent d\u2019orateur font de lui un homme appr\u00e9ci\u00e9 au sein de l\u2019organisation.<strong> Cette derni\u00e8re passe de 500 membres \u00e0 30 000 entre 1952 et 1963. \ud83d\udcc8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><em>Fun fact<\/em> \ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Parmi ces nouveaux adh\u00e9rents, on retrouve un certain Cassius Clay. Convaincu par Malcolm X pour int\u00e9grer l\u2019organisation, il va changer son nom en\u2026 <strong>Mohammed Ali ! \ud83e\udd4a<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le discours de Malcolm X porte plusieurs id\u00e9es :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Un nationalisme noir ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p>le rejet de l&rsquo;homme blanc, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme exploiteur, esclavagiste et capitaliste ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p>le s\u00e9paratisme noir et l&rsquo;id\u00e9e de la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;une r\u00e9publique noire ind\u00e9pendante au sein des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-divergence-didee-et-de-statut-qui-mene-au-divorce\">Une divergence d\u2019id\u00e9e et de statut qui m\u00e8ne au divorce \ud83d\udc94&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019influence toujours plus importante de Malcolm X<\/strong> au sein de Nation of Islam lui attire les foudres d\u2019Elijah Muhammad. <strong>Devenu plus populaire que son leader<\/strong>, le natif d\u2019Omaha est en contradiction avec Muhammad qui ne souhaite pas s\u2019impliquer politiquement au contraire de son disciple. \u274c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il repr\u00e9sente <strong>une branche plus offensive de la communaut\u00e9 afro-am\u00e9ricaine<\/strong> en pr\u00f4nant le supr\u00e9macisme noir, au contraire de son homologue, Martin Luther King. <strong>La marche de ce dernier \u00e0 Washington en 1963<\/strong> \u00ab men\u00e9 par des blancs \u00bb le laisse de marbre, notamment avec le discours devant la statue de Lincoln qui \u00ab n\u2019avait pas d\u2019amour particulier pour les noirs \u00bb.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9couverte de plusieurs adult\u00e8res d\u2019Elijah Muhammad, <strong>des d\u00e9clarations incendiaires apr\u00e8s l\u2019assassinat de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/john-fitzgerald-kennedy\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"262643\">Kennedy<\/a><\/strong> et sa col\u00e8re persistante contre les blancs vont le faire basculer dans le radicalisme. Il est d\u2019abord suspendu de son poste <strong>avant de quitter d\u00e9finitivement Nation of Islam en mars 1964. <\/strong>\ud83d\udd1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec une histoire aussi grande que son pays, les \u00c9tats-Unis regorgent de sujets de cours passionnant que tu peux \u00e9tudier avec un professeur Sherpas lors <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">d&rsquo;un cours particulier d&rsquo;histoire. <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-vie-dediee-a-lactivisme-menant-a-un-enorme-heritage\">Une vie d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019activisme menant \u00e0 un \u00e9norme h\u00e9ritage \ud83d\udce2<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"dissociation-avec-nation-of-islam\">Dissociation avec Nation of Islam \ud83d\ude35\u200d\ud83d\udcab<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Son r\u00f4le dans la communaut\u00e9 afro-am\u00e9ricaine \u00e9tant devenu trop grand pour Nation of Islam, <strong>Malcolm X s\u2019\u00e9carte du groupe d\u2019Elijah Muhammad avec perte et fracas. <\/strong>Un mois apr\u00e8s son renvoi, il se convertit \u00e0 l&rsquo;islam sunnite orthodoxe et fonde sa propre organisation religieuse, <strong>The Muslim Mosque, Inc.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il va aussi effectuer <strong>un p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 la Mecque<\/strong> o\u00f9 il va prendre le nom <strong>El-Hajj Malek El-Shabazz. <\/strong>Ce p\u00e8lerinage va lui faire ouvrir les yeux sur sa vision des blancs, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ceux qu\u2019il a rencontr\u00e9s \u00e0 la Mecque. <strong>Il va par la suite entreprendre des voyages en Afrique (Nigeria, Ghana, Liberia, S\u00e9n\u00e9gal, Maroc et Alg\u00e9rie) <\/strong>pour prononcer des discours et rencontrer des ambassadeurs. \ud83d\udd4b<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><em>Fun fact<\/em> \ud83d\udc69\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Sa femme Betty, avec qu\u2019il s\u2019est mari\u00e9 en 1958, ainsi que le reste de sa famille, vont prendre le nom Shabazz.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, il va proc\u00e9der \u00e0 l\u2019acte final de sa s\u00e9paration avec Nation of Islam en <strong>r\u00e9futant le racisme anti-blanc de l\u2019organisation<\/strong> et approuve <strong>la violence du peuple noir qui se bat pour obtenir ses droits. \ud83d\udca5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"un-combat-a-la-vie-et-a-la-mort\">Un combat \u00e0 la vie et \u00e0 la mort \ud83c\udfb2<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Au vu du combat de Malcolm X pour la reconnaissance des droits des noirs et des r\u00e9actions qu\u2019il suscite, il \u00e9tait \u00e9vident qu\u2019il allait \u00eatre observ\u00e9 par le FBI. L\u2019organisation \u00e9tatique am\u00e9ricaine avait infiltr\u00e9 \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode Nation of Islam, le bruit qui courait<strong> laissait entendre \u00e0 une volont\u00e9 d\u2019assassiner Malcolm X. \u2620\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1965, il fonde <strong>l&rsquo;Organisation de l&rsquo;unit\u00e9 afro-am\u00e9ricaine (OUAA)<\/strong>, organisme la\u00efc visant \u00e0 internationaliser la lutte des noirs am\u00e9ricains. Les voyages dans les pays d\u2019Afrique de Malcolm X avait pour but de faire cause commune avec les peuples des pays en d\u00e9veloppement pour \u00e9largir<strong> la question des droits civiques \u00e0 la lutte pour les droits de l&rsquo;homme. \u2696<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sauf que Malcolm X est observ\u00e9 de partout et qu\u2019il s\u2019est fait beaucoup d\u2019ennemis. <strong>Sa maison est incendi\u00e9e, il est menac\u00e9 de mort par Nation of Islam<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExNHFjY2J2dmJ0aml6YmlvZjJyNGk2dGZiMWt0bHFqcHA5cDMwMXdjNCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/1twe5rP3LazzZjImUe\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Malcolm X en interview \" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Son heure arrive le 21 f\u00e9vrier 1965, alors qu\u2019il est sur le point de prononcer un discours <strong>dans la salle des f\u00eates d\u2019Audubon, \u00e0 Harlem (New-York).<\/strong> Il re\u00e7oit <strong>15 balles<\/strong> tir\u00e9es par trois hommes \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 de l\u2019estrade, ne laissant <strong>aucune chance \u00e0 l\u2019activiste<\/strong> de survivre. Longtemps soup\u00e7onn\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre commis par des membres de Nation of Islam, le meurtre de Malcolm X va <strong>le propulser au statut de martyr<\/strong> de la cause noire aux \u00c9tats-Unis. La communaut\u00e9 noire perd un de ses fervents repr\u00e9sentants, quatre ans avant le d\u00e9c\u00e8s <strong>par assassinat de Martin Luther King. \u26b0\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-trace-indelebile-dans-lactivisme-afro-americain\">Une trace ind\u00e9l\u00e9bile dans l\u2019activisme afro-am\u00e9ricain \ud83d\ude4f\ud83c\udffd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Malcolm X est devenu, via son combat, une v\u00e9ritable ic\u00f4ne du combat des noirs pour des droits \u00e9gaux. Il va marquer toute <strong>une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration d\u2019artistes afro-am\u00e9ricains, qu\u2019ils soient chanteurs, acteurs, cin\u00e9astes. \u270d\ud83c\udffe<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019Ice Cube \u00e0 Kendrick Lamar, de nombreux rappeurs ont cit\u00e9 les paroles de l\u2019activiste du XXe si\u00e8cle. En 1992, <strong>Spike Lee r\u00e9alise le biopic <\/strong><strong><em>Malcolm X<\/em><\/strong>, jou\u00e9 par Denzel Washington et qui sera nomm\u00e9 aux Golden Globes et aux Oscars. \ud83c\udfac<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les mouvements populaires comme <strong><em>Black Power movement<\/em> ou <em>Black Lives Matter<\/em><\/strong>, la hargne et les id\u00e9es de Malcolm X font partie int\u00e9grante<strong> des mouvements pour les droits civils<\/strong>, et cela, depuis plus de 50 ans. \u270c\ud83c\udfff<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"articles articles--vertical articles--3\">\n    <div  class=\"container\" >\n        <div class=\"articles__top\">\n            <p class=\"t-05\">Pour conna\u00eetre un peu plus l&rsquo;Oncle Sam \ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf8<\/p>\n                    <\/div>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n                                                <div class=\"col-12\n                                                    col-xl-4\n                                            \">\n                        <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-segregation-raciale-aux-etats-unis\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"396\" height=\"222\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pexels-kelly-l-4642503-scaled.jpg\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale aux etats unis\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pexels-kelly-l-4642503-scaled.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=2560 2560w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pexels-kelly-l-4642503-scaled.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=340 340w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" ci-src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/pexels-kelly-l-4642503-scaled.jpg?q=85\" \/>\n                \n                    \n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n     \n  \n    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-segregation-raciale-aux-etats-unis\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\" id=\"8-moments-qui-ont-marque-la-lutte-contre-la-segregation-raciale-aux-etats-unis\">\n                8 moments qui ont marqu\u00e9 la lutte contre la s\u00e9gr\u00e9gation raciale aux \u00c9tats-Unis&nbsp;\u270a\ud83c\udffe\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Alors que sonne la fin de la guerre de S\u00e9cession en 1865 : l\u2019esclavage est aboli. Mais pr\u00e8s (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>   \n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/etats-unis\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">\u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"col-12\n                                                    col-xl-4\n                                            \">\n                        <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/katherine-johnson\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"396\" height=\"253\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"katherine johnson\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=196 196w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=582 582w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1024 1024w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" ci-src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/katherine-johnson2-396x253.jpg?q=85\" \/>\n                \n                    \n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n     \n  \n    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/katherine-johnson\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\" id=\"katherine-johnson-la-scientifique-sortie-de-lombre\">\n                Katherine Johnson, la scientifique sortie de l\u2019ombre&nbsp;\ud83d\ude80\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu adores les maths ? Bienvenue au club ! \u00c0 sa mort en 2020, Katherine Johnson a laiss\u00e9 (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>   \n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/etats-unis\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">\u00c9tats-Unis<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/portraits\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Portraits<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"col-12\n                                                    col-xl-4\n                                            \">\n                        <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n\n            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/reve-americain\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <img decoding=\"async\" width=\"396\" height=\"264\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image wp-post-image\" alt=\"le r\u00eave am\u00e9ricain\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=188 188w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=378 378w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=512 512w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 396px) 100vw, 396px\" ci-src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/le-reve-americain-396x264.png?q=85\" \/>\n                \n                    \n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n     \n  \n    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/reve-americain\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\" id=\"le-reve-americain-mythe-ou-realite\">\n                Le r\u00eave am\u00e9ricain : mythe ou r\u00e9alit\u00e9 ?&nbsp;\u2728\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu as s\u00fbrement d\u00fb en entendre parler, le r\u00eave am\u00e9ricain ou American Dream est un concept inscrit dans (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>   \n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/etats-unis\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">\u00c9tats-Unis<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, maintenant, tu sais tout sur Malcolm X ! Ce portrait t&rsquo;a plu ? Tu veux en savoir plus sur les grands personnages du XXe si\u00e8cle aux \u00c9tats-Unis ? Alors prends rendez-vous avec un professeur Sherpas pour <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">un cours particulier d\u2019histoire en ligne.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283740&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Malcolm X, porte-\u00e9tendard des droits des noirs\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si les militants pacifistes ont eu pour repr\u00e9sentant Martin Luther King, les militants un peu plus hargneux, ont (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":351,"featured_media":283742,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[781],"class_list":["post-283740","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283740","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/351"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283740"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283740\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/283742"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283740"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=283740"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=283740"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}