{"id":283728,"date":"2024-04-16T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-16T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=283728"},"modified":"2024-04-12T13:40:26","modified_gmt":"2024-04-12T11:40:26","slug":"guerre-irlande","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-irlande\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019histoire du conflit irlandais (1968-1998)\u00a0\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Nos voisins anglo-saxons ont connu, <strong>entre les ann\u00e9es 60 et les ann\u00e9es 90<\/strong>, un conflit sous haute-tension entre l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Irlande du Nord. On va te raconter comment ces territoires en sont venus aux armes, <strong>l\u2019implication de la couronne britannique<\/strong> et les cons\u00e9quences du conflit pour les deux pays. \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdTAxazl2Y2RzYWd5cnBkN2h3ZTNpN3FvYnZudzd1aTk5ems4cTYzdCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/UGMGNcMnyUl0I\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Paysage dans les montagnes irlandaises \" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-6.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d&#8217;aide dans une mati\u00e8re ? Prends un cours de soutien scolaire avec le Sherpa de ton choix et d\u00e9croche les notes de tes r\u00eaves !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert ! \n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique du conflit irlandais \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cr\u00e9ation de l\u2019\u00c9tat libre d\u2019Irlande \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour comprendre le conflit, il faut remonter en 1921, <strong>date du trait\u00e9 anglo-irlandais<\/strong> qui a mis fin \u00e0 deux ans de guerre, mais qui a surtout donn\u00e9 un territoire \u00e0 l\u2019Irlande. En 1919, le Parlement irlandais a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 et adopt\u00e9 <strong>une d\u00e9claration d\u2019Ind\u00e9pendance<\/strong>, qui a amen\u00e9 la guerre sur l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019\u00eele. \ud83c\udfde\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s deux ans de guerre sanglante, le premier ministre britannique, <strong>David Lloyd George<\/strong>, d\u00e9cide de brandir le drapeau blanc pour qu\u2019un accord soit sign\u00e9. Cela va avoir lieu <strong>le 6 d\u00e9cembre 1921<\/strong> sous plusieurs conditions :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udccc\">\n            <span>\n            <p>L\u2019\u00c9tat libre d\u2019Irlande sera compos\u00e9 <strong>de 26 sur 32 comt\u00e9s,<\/strong> les six restants resteront sous contr\u00f4le de la couronne.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udccc\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Si l&#8217;Irlande du Nord choisit de rester au sein du Royaume-Uni, une commission de modification du trac\u00e9 de la fronti\u00e8re sera d\u00e9sign\u00e9e <strong>afin de permettre aux r\u00e9gions catholiques d\u2019Irlande du Nord d\u2019\u00eatre rattach\u00e9s \u00e0 l&#8217;Irlande.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udccc\">\n            <span>\n            <p>L\u2019\u00c9tat Libre d\u2019Irlande se doit obligatoirement de pr\u00eater <strong>all\u00e9geance \u00e0 la couronne britannique<\/strong> et obtient le statut de <strong>dominion<\/strong> (\u00e9tat autonome de l\u2019Empire Britannique ou du Commonwealth).<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udccc\">\n            <span>\n            <p>L\u2019\u00c9tat Libre d\u2019Irlande se doit de r\u00e9gler une partie de la dette du Royaume-Uni (<strong>la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale a largement endett\u00e9 la Grande-Bretagne).<\/strong><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Connais-tu les provinces irlandaises ? \ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>L\u2019Irlande est compos\u00e9e de quatre provinces : <strong>le Munster, le Connacht, le Leinster et l\u2019Ulster,<\/strong> qui repr\u00e9sentent l\u2019enti\u00e8ret\u00e9 du territoire de l\u2019Irlande du Nord et une parcelle de l\u2019Irlande. \ud83c\udf40<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"490\" height=\"600\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg\" alt=\"Carte de l\u2019\u00eele regroupant les deux irlandes ainsi que les quatre provinces. La d\u00e9limitation en rouge vif \u00e9tant celle entre l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Irlande du Nord. \n\" class=\"wp-image-283733\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=490 490w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=245 245w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=102 102w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=222 222w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=303 303w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/carte-irelande.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=49 49w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 490px) 100vw, 490px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Carte de l\u2019\u00eele regroupant les deux irlandes ainsi que les quatre provinces. La d\u00e9limitation en rouge vif \u00e9tant celle entre l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Irlande du Nord.&nbsp;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Suite \u00e0 ce trait\u00e9 qui prend effet un an apr\u00e8s sa ratification, l\u2019Irlande va conna\u00eetre <strong>deux ann\u00e9es de guerre civile sanglante<\/strong> entre pro et anti-trait\u00e9 qui va provoquer <strong>la mort de 4 000 Irlandais.<\/strong> Il faut attendre <strong>le 11 d\u00e9cembre 1931<\/strong> pour que le gouvernement britannique revienne sur plusieurs conditions du trait\u00e9 via <strong>le statut de Westminster <\/strong>et que l\u2019Irlande devienne ind\u00e9pendante. \ud83d\udcdd<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExM3puZHh6M2dxeHl6Z2U5dGVwNnp1M3o3YjNrNnNmY2hucmNmZGd2eCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/H22R4SWhjfEQCnueDI\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Rosa Diaz contente \" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des id\u00e9ologies plus qu\u2019\u00e9loign\u00e9es \u2694\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Suite au trait\u00e9 de 1931,<strong> l\u2019Irlande du Nord <\/strong>reste un dominion tandis que l\u2019Irlande prend son ind\u00e9pendance. Maintenant, tu dois s\u00fbrement te demander, quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre les deux pays ? <strong>Pourquoi ne peuvent-ils pas \u00eatre unis\u202f?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La naissance de ce conflit date du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle avec les dissensions religieuses que l\u2019on conna\u00eet encore aujourd\u2019hui <strong>entre les protestants et les catholiques.<\/strong> La domination anglaise qui a dur\u00e9 jusqu\u2019en 1922 et <strong>le patriotisme irlandais<\/strong> naissant ont fait que le territoire a \u00e9t\u00e9 scind\u00e9 en deux. \u2702\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus des gouvernements britanniques et irlandais, <strong>des groupes paramilitaires<\/strong>, que nous allons voir par la suite, se sont immisc\u00e9s dans ce conflit qui va conna\u00eetre <strong>son paroxysme entre 1968 et 1998. \ud83d\udca5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                     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         <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" 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class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                        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class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1968-1972 : le d\u00e9but des \u00ab Troubles \u00bb \ud83e\ude96<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Deux \u00e9v\u00e9nements fondateurs \ud83d\udcc6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 5 octobre 1968, des manifestants catholiques non-violents, qui sont <strong>en minorit\u00e9s en Irlande du Nord<\/strong>, d\u00e9ambulent dans les rues de <strong>Londonderry ou Derry<\/strong>, deuxi\u00e8me ville du pays. Dans cette protestation pour <strong>la reconnaissance des droits \u00e9gaux<\/strong> <strong>pour catholiques et protestants<\/strong>, ces militants vont \u00eatre attaqu\u00e9s par la police.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut dire que la diff\u00e9rence de traitement entre<strong> les deux communaut\u00e9s religieuses<\/strong> est si \u00e9norme qu\u2019il a fallu que la situation s\u2019envenime pour voir une intervention du Premier ministre nord-irlandais, <strong>Terrence O\u2019Neill.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La situation va encore plus se d\u00e9t\u00e9riorer entre 1969 et 1972 avec deux \u00e9v\u00e8nements : <\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49 \">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les \u00e9meutes de Bogside en 1969<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49 \">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>Le Bloody Sunday<\/strong> (ou dimanche sanglant) de 1972<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le basculement dans la guerre civile en 1969 \ud83d\udca3<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors du premier \u00e9v\u00e8nement cit\u00e9, <strong>15 000 protestants<\/strong> ont d\u00e9fil\u00e9 dans <strong>le quartier catholique de Bogside \u00e0 Derry.<\/strong>&nbsp; La division en trois circonscriptions in\u00e9gales assurait la majorit\u00e9 aux protestants, pourtant minoritaires en nombre de voix. Cette ville a \u00e9t\u00e9 le symbole de la discrimination religieuse, situ\u00e9e <strong>sur la fronti\u00e8re entre l\u2019Irlande du Nord et la R\u00e9publique d\u2019Irlande. \ud83d\udec3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La police de l\u2019Ulster, proche des catholiques, ont gaz\u00e9 tout le quartier qui a renvoy\u00e9 la pareille avec des cocktails Molotov. Selon les sources officielles, <strong>le bilan fut de neuf morts<\/strong> (huit catholiques et un protestant), de 750 bless\u00e9s (dont 150 par balles), et <strong>d\u2019environ 500 maisons d\u00e9truites. \u26d3<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces affrontements vont pousser la cr\u00e9ation de <strong>l&#8217;Irish Republican Army (IRA)<\/strong> qui va s\u2019impliquer via des attentats, ce qui va plonger<strong> l\u2019Irlande du Nord dans une guerre civile.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1972, un dimanche rouge \ud83d\udd34<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e8s de quatre ans apr\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la guerre civile, les affrontements entre les groupes catholiques et protestants n\u2019ont fait qu\u2019aggraver la situation. Si l\u2019IRA d\u00e9fend les catholiques, des groupes comme <strong>l\u2019Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) et l\u2019Ulster Defence Association (UDA)<\/strong> se sont cr\u00e9\u00e9 pour d\u00e9fendre la cause protestante. \u2626&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deux clans sont clairement distincts d\u00e9sormais dans ce conflit :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udfe2 \u26aa On retrouve d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 les r\u00e9publicains nationalistes, <strong>pro-r\u00e9unification et catholiques<\/strong> entre les deux Irlande avec l\u2019Irish Republican Army (IRA) et sa branche politique, le Sinn F\u00e9in.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd34 \u26aa De l\u2019autre, nous avons <strong>les unionistes protestants<\/strong> qui souhaitent rester sous la couronne britannique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 30 janvier 1972, \u00e0 l\u2019occasion d\u2019une <strong>nouvelle manifestation catholique pacifique<\/strong> dans la ville de Derry, ce sont les soldats anglais qui vont commettre le p\u00e9ch\u00e9 capital. Malgr\u00e9 l\u2019interdiction de d\u00e9fil\u00e9 par les autorit\u00e9s, <strong>les 15 000 manifestants<\/strong> marchent dans cette ville-symbole du conflit, se voient bloqu\u00e9s dans <strong>le quartier de Bogside<\/strong> et tir\u00e9 dessus par <strong>des parachutistes britanniques. \ud83e\ude82<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sans avertissement, ils tirent sur une foule non-arm\u00e9e o\u00f9 <strong>6 adolescents de 17 ans vont mourir <\/strong>parmi les 14 hommes d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s. D\u00e8s le lendemain, l\u2019ambassade britannique \u00e0 Dublin finira en feu. \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>U2, groupe irlandais au cas o\u00f9 si certains l\u2019ont oubli\u00e9, a d\u00e9di\u00e9 une de ses chansons \u00e9ponymes au <strong><em>Bloody Sunday. \ud83c\udfa4<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si tu veux mieux conna\u00eetre l&#8217;histoire des pays europ\u00e9ens, alors prends rendez-vous avec un professeur Sherpas <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">pour un cours d&#8217;histoire en ligne ! <\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pic de violence jusqu\u2019au territoire anglais \ud83d\udcc8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des catholiques en col\u00e8re (ann\u00e9es 70) \ud83e\udd2c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aucun des militaires anglais ayant particip\u00e9 aux fusillades n\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 inculp\u00e9 ou jug\u00e9, contrairement aux manifestants catholiques envoy\u00e9s en prison sans jugement. Le 21 juillet 1972, le <em>Bloody Monday <\/em>va montrer la col\u00e8re des soldats de l\u2019IRA qui vont <strong>faire exploser 22 bombes \u00e0 Belfast<\/strong>, capitale de l\u2019Irlande du Nord. \ud83c\uddec\ud83c\uddec<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Deux ans plus tard, l\u2019Irish Republican Army continue ses attaques sur les deux Irlande. Dans la m\u00eame journ\u00e9e, la R\u00e9publique d\u2019Irlande conna\u00eet <strong>des attentats \u00e0 Monaghan (Ulster) et \u00e0 Dublin qui feront 30 morts.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, il s\u2019agirait suppos\u00e9ment de l\u2019\u0153uvre de <strong>l\u2019Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF)<\/strong>, milice protestante, et des services sp\u00e9ciaux britanniques, selon l\u2019historien Roger Faligot, auteur d\u2019un livre sur le conflit. Pourtant, une tentative de cessez-le-feu a \u00e9t\u00e9 faite en 1973 avec <strong>le trait\u00e9 de Sunningdale.<\/strong> Cet accord poussant les unionistes \u00e0 partager le pouvoir avec les nationalistes tombera \u00e0 l\u2019eau l\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante pour les raisons qu\u2019on conna\u00eet. \ud83d\udde1\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pas de n\u00e9gociation avec les terroristes (fin ann\u00e9es 70-ann\u00e9es 80)&nbsp;\ud83d\udeab<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1979, l\u2019oncle de la Reine d\u2019Angleterre, Lord Mountbatten, va mourir dans un des attentats de l\u2019Irish Republican Army. Cette politique de la terreur du groupe paramilitaire va prendre un mur lors de la nomination de <strong>la nouvelle <em>Prime Minister<\/em> : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/qui-est-margaret-thatcher\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"214530\">Margaret Thatcher<\/a>. <\/strong>\ud83d\udc69\ud83c\udffb\u200d\ud83d\udcbc<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExd3gwamxnbzJsMGNvbXY5OXl3eWl2bHZ1cGZ4djVwMDF4bnVrZ3hvNyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/ZJADwLtxvw5GM\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Thatcher au Parlement anglais \" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>En 1981, le militant r\u00e9publicain Bobby Sands, imit\u00e9 par neuf de ses compagnons d\u00e9tenus \u00e0 la prison de Maze pr\u00e8s de Belfast, entame <strong>une gr\u00e8ve de la faim pour r\u00e9clamer le statut de prisonnier politique. <\/strong>Les dix gr\u00e9vistes vont perdre la vie, ce qui va provoquer un tournant dans le conflit.&nbsp; \ud83d\udeb0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Cette initiative avait d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 engag\u00e9e par le Sinn F\u00e9in, branche politique de l\u2019IRA, en 1980 pour revendiquer les Five demands :<br \/>\n&#8211; Le droit de ne pas porter l&#8217;uniforme de prisonnier.<br \/>\n&#8211; Le droit \u00e0 ne pas participer aux travaux de prisonnier.<br \/>\n&#8211; Le droit de libre association avec d&#8217;autres prisonniers et celui d&#8217;organiser des activit\u00e9s \u00e9ducatives ou r\u00e9cr\u00e9atives.<br \/>\n&#8211; Le droit \u00e0 une visite, une lettre et un colis par semaine.<br \/>\n&#8211; L&#8217;enti\u00e8re restauration de la remise de peine perdue lors de la manifestation.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La mort de Bobby Sands cr\u00e9a <strong>une r\u00e9action mondiale,<\/strong> de la France avec <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/francois-mitterrand\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"269716\">Fran\u00e7ois Mitterrand<\/a> jusqu\u2019en Inde qui lui accorda <strong>une minute de silence pour sa lutte anti-violence.<\/strong> Thatcher doit battre en retraite sous la pression internationale qui l\u2019oblige \u00e0 revenir sur<strong> sa d\u00e9cision de ne pas n\u00e9gocier avec les terroristes.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                        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        style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                               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         <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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    <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n       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                                              <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un d\u00e9nouement plus qu\u2019attendu (fin ann\u00e9es 80-1998) \ud83d\udd1c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qui veut la guerre pr\u00e9pare la paix \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Margaret Thatcher doit n\u00e9gocier avec <strong>des nationalistes mod\u00e9r\u00e9s de l\u2019Irlande et l\u2019Irlande du Nord <\/strong>pour trouver un accord politique entre les nations. En novembre 1985, <strong>un trait\u00e9 est sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Londres<\/strong> et apporte plusieurs avanc\u00e9es significatives :<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc9a\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Selon l&#8217;Accord anglo-irlandais sign\u00e9 en novembre 1985, la province d&#8217;Ulster ne peut changer de statut que <strong>si la majorit\u00e9 de la population approuve la d\u00e9cision.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc9a\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Une coop\u00e9ration contre l\u2019IRA.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc9a\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Dublin obtient <strong>un droit de regard sur les affaires nord-irlandaises<\/strong>, sur les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la minorit\u00e9 catholique.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9videmment, l\u2019<em>Anglo-Irish Agreement <\/em>ne plait pas <strong>aux unionistes, ni aux loyalistes<\/strong>. Mais le processus de paix n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 aussi avanc\u00e9 depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre civile. Jusqu\u2019en 1998, l\u2019Irish Republican Army va continuer ses exactions dans le Royaume-Uni, <strong>tout comme&nbsp; l&#8217;Ulster Volunteer Force et l&#8217;Ulster Freedom Fighters.<\/strong> \ud83e\udd77\ud83c\udffc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019Irlande voit le bout du tunnel (ann\u00e9es 1990) \ud83d\udd1a<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les communications entre les diff\u00e9rentes parties devenant de plus en plus positives, les cessez-le-feu s\u2019encha\u00eenent. <strong>Tony Blair, Premier ministre anglais (1997-2007) du parti travailliste et Gerry Adams, pr\u00e9sident de Sinn F\u00e9in<\/strong>, se rencontrent \u00e0 plusieurs reprises pour mettre un terme au conflit. \ud83c\udfc1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les deux hommes d\u00e9cident de renouer <strong>le contact avec l\u2019IRA pour stopper le combat<\/strong>. Le trait\u00e9 est ratifi\u00e9 entre les principaux partis d\u2019Irlande du Nord, Londres, Dublin et l\u2019IRA, <strong>le 10 avril 1998,<\/strong> date du Vendredi saint. Cet accord sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Belfast donne \u00e0 l\u2019Irlande du Nord :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf1f\">\n            <span>\n            <p>l&#8217;\u00e9lection d&#8217;une assembl\u00e9e locale de 108 membres ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf1f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>la cr\u00e9ation d&#8217;un conseil des ministres<\/strong> dirig\u00e9 par un Premier ministre d&#8217;Irlande du Nord ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf1f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>le d\u00e9sarmement des groupes paramilitaires<\/strong> (IRA provisoire, UVF, UDA, etc.) ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf1f\">\n            <span>\n            <p>la cr\u00e9ation <strong>d&#8217;un conseil de coop\u00e9ration avec des repr\u00e9sentants de la r\u00e9publique d&#8217;Irlande et des 6 comt\u00e9s d\u2019Irlande du Nord ;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf1f\">\n            <span>\n            <p>un statut politique modifiable uniquement dans le cas de R\u00e9f\u00e9rendum (ind\u00e9pendance).<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>Le trait\u00e9 de Belfast n\u2019a pas plu \u00e0 tout le monde \u00e0 sa signature, les groupes extr\u00e9mistes ou paramilitaires d\u00e9clarant que<strong> l\u2019Ulster a \u00e9t\u00e9 vendue \u00e0 l\u2019Irlande<\/strong>. Cependant, les repr\u00e9sentants politiques ont enfin compris la non-n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 de cette guerre entre deux territoires voisins.&nbsp;\ud83c\udfd8\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vingt-six ans apr\u00e8s, les deux pays ne sont pas encore <strong>en total coop\u00e9ration<\/strong>, mais la situation est <strong>bien plus vivable qu\u2019au XXe si\u00e8cle.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, maintenant, tu sais tout sur conflit irlandais, son histoire et son aboutissement. Tu veux en savoir plus sur la formation des pays en Europe ? Alors prends rendez-vous avec un professeur Sherpas pour <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">un cours particulier d\u2019histoire !<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283728&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (4 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019histoire du conflit irlandais (1968-1998)\u00a0\ud83c\uddee\ud83c\uddea\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (4 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Nos voisins anglo-saxons ont connu, entre les ann\u00e9es 60 et les ann\u00e9es 90, un conflit sous haute-tension entre (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":351,"featured_media":283737,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[337],"class_list":["post-283728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-europe"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/351"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283728"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283728\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/283737"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=283728"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=283728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}