{"id":283108,"date":"2024-04-12T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-04-12T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=283108"},"modified":"2024-04-05T13:46:33","modified_gmt":"2024-04-05T11:46:33","slug":"non-retroactivite-droit","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/non-retroactivite-droit\/","title":{"rendered":"Rappel de notion : principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi \u274c \ud83d\udc48"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Aujourd&rsquo;hui, nous plongeons dans l&rsquo;univers du droit pour \u00e9tudier un <strong>concept fondamental <\/strong>: le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi. Ce principe est <strong>essentiel dans un <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/etat-de-droit\/\"><strong>\u00c9tat de droit<\/strong><\/a><strong>,<\/strong> notamment en vertu du <strong>principe de l\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de confiance envers les institutions juridiques.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cet article, nous ferons un petit tour d&rsquo;horizon de ce principe et des notions essentielles \u00e0 conna\u00eetre.<strong> Tu es pr\u00eat ? Alors c\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\udca5<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExNmtpbDYyYzYzc2xtMjZ2bmRnZmNtZXdneWNlNDZyZTl0N2x0dzZ2cyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/yLlXBR9OMAYjm\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Juge tapant sur son bureau en disant &quot;affaire termin\u00e9e&quot;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quest-ce-que-la-non-retroactivite-de-la-loi\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi ? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi est un concept fondamental du droit qui dit que l<strong>a loi ne peut pas s&rsquo;appliquer \u00e0 des faits survenus avant son entr\u00e9e en vigueur<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autrement dit, si tu as fait quelque chose qui n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas interdit quand tu l&rsquo;as fait, la justice ne peut pas te condamner apr\u00e8s coup en disant que maintenant, une nouvelle loi en vigueur l\u2019interdit. \ud83d\udc81<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce principe est ancr\u00e9 dans le droit fran\u00e7ais <strong>depuis la D\u00e9claration des droits de l&rsquo;homme<\/strong> et du citoyen de 1789, et il est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme une garantie essentielle pour assurer la <strong>s\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique des individus.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Droit\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n          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                         <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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    <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> de droit est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-non-retroactivite-des-lois-pourquoi-cest-important\">La non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 des lois, pourquoi c\u2019est important ? \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"garantie-des-droits-des-individus-contre-larbitraire-de-letat\">Garantie des droits des individus contre l&rsquo;arbitraire de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat \u270b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En interdisant l&rsquo;application r\u00e9troactive de loi p\u00e9nale, ce principe <strong>prot\u00e8ge les individus contre toute forme d&rsquo;abus de pouvoir de la part de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il te permet de planifier ce que tu veux faire en sachant que tu ne seras pas puni pour quelque chose qui \u00e9tait autoris\u00e9 quand tu l&rsquo;as fait.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"securite-juridique-et-la-confiance-en-la-justice\">S\u00e9curit\u00e9 juridique et la confiance en la justice \ud83d\ude0c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le fait que la loi ne s&rsquo;applique pas r\u00e9troactivement, \u00e7a veut dire que tu as l\u2018assurance que l<strong>es r\u00e8gles ne vont pas changer du jour au lendemain.<\/strong> Cela rend le syst\u00e8me juridique plus stable et pr\u00e9visible. \ud83d\udc53<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7a te donne confiance dans le fait que la justice sera juste et \u00e9quitable, <strong>ce qui est essentiel pour que tout le monde consente \u00e0 respecter les lois en vigueur.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res en droit ? Trouve ton prof particulier chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-loi-rien-que-la-loi\">La loi, rien que la loi \ud83d\udcdc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi est<strong> inscrit dans la plupart des grands textes juridiques. <\/strong>Et comme nul n&rsquo;est cens\u00e9 ignorer la loi, voici un petit floril\u00e8ge des articles en application. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2414\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2414\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>Droit romain<\/strong><br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\"nullum crimen, nulla poena sine lege\" (pas de crime, pas de peine sans loi)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>Convention europ\u00e9enne des droits de l\u2019homme<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Article 7 - Pas de peine sans loi<br \/>\nNul ne peut \u00eatre condamn\u00e9 pour une action ou une omission qui, au moment o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise, ne constituait pas une infraction d'apr\u00e8s le droit national ou international. De m\u00eame il n'est inflig\u00e9 aucune peine plus forte que celle qui \u00e9tait applicable au moment o\u00f9 l'infraction a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise.<br \/>\nLe pr\u00e9sent article ne portera pas atteinte au jugement et \u00e0 la punition d'une personne coupable d'une action ou d'une omission qui, au moment o\u00f9 elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 commise, \u00e9tait criminelle d'apr\u00e8s les principes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux de droit reconnus par les nations civilis\u00e9es.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>D\u00e9claration universelle des droits de l'homme<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Article 11<br \/>\nNul ne sera condamn\u00e9 pour des actions ou omissions qui, au moment o\u00f9 elles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commises, ne constituaient<br \/>\npas un acte d\u00e9lictueux d'apr\u00e8s le droit national ou international. De m\u00eame, il ne sera inflig\u00e9 aucune peine plus forte<br \/>\nque celle qui \u00e9tait applicable au moment o\u00f9 l'acte d\u00e9lictueux a \u00e9t\u00e9 commis. <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>D\u00e9claration des droits de l'homme et du citoyen<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Article 8 <br \/>\nnul ne peut \u00eatre puni qu\u2019en vertu d\u2019une loi \u00e9tablie et promulgu\u00e9e ant\u00e9rieurement au d\u00e9lit<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>Code civil<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Article 2 <br \/>\nLa loi ne dispose que pour l'avenir ; elle n'a point d'effet r\u00e9troactif<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><strong>Code p\u00e9nal<\/strong><\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Article 112-1<br \/>\nSont seuls punissables les faits constitutifs d'une infraction \u00e0 la date \u00e0 laquelle ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 commis.<br \/>\nPeuvent seules \u00eatre prononc\u00e9es les peines l\u00e9galement applicables \u00e0 la m\u00eame date.<br \/>\nToutefois, les dispositions nouvelles s'appliquent aux infractions commises avant leur entr\u00e9e en vigueur et n'ayant pas donn\u00e9 lieu \u00e0 une condamnation pass\u00e9e en force de chose jug\u00e9e lorsqu'elles sont moins s\u00e9v\u00e8res que les dispositions anciennes.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2414 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lorsque qu&rsquo;une nouvelle loi entre en vigueur, il peut y avoir des dispositions transitoires.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Les dispositions transitoires, k\u00e9sako ? \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ce sont des clauses dans les lois qui d\u00e9terminent <strong>comment la loi s&rsquo;appliquera dans des situations existantes<\/strong> lors de son entr\u00e9e en vigueur.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Elles visent \u00e0 <strong>assurer une \u00e9volution en douceur <\/strong>entre l&rsquo;ancien et le nouveau r\u00e9gime juridique, en <strong>\u00e9vitant les conflits <\/strong>et en \u00e9tablissant des r\u00e8gles sp\u00e9cifiques pour les affaires en cours.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ces clauses sont r\u00e9dig\u00e9es avec soin pour garantir une<strong> application coh\u00e9rente de la loi pendant la p\u00e9riode de transition.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Psst\u2026Si tu as besoin de te rafra\u00eechir la m\u00e9moire avec les notions fondamentales, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas prendre un<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit-penal\"> cours de soutien de droit p\u00e9nal<\/a> avec un de nos profs particuliers Sherpas ! \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-exceptions\">Les exceptions \ud83d\ude36\u200d\ud83c\udf2b\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe n\u00e9anmoins<strong> quelques exceptions<\/strong> qui visent \u00e0 garantir un <strong>traitement \u00e9quitable des individus<\/strong> concern\u00e9s par les changements de l\u00e9gislation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut citer notamment trois exceptions \u00e0 la non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 des lois :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"loi-plus-douce\">Loi plus douce \ud83e\udeb6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principe est que si une nouvelle loi est adopt\u00e9e apr\u00e8s la commission d&rsquo;une infraction, et que cette nouvelle loi est <strong>plus douce<\/strong> que la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente <strong>en ce qui concerne les peines ou les sanctions<\/strong>, alors la nouvelle loi doit \u00eatre appliqu\u00e9e de mani\u00e8re r\u00e9troactive \u00e0 l&rsquo;affaire en cours. Cela signifie que la personne accus\u00e9e b\u00e9n\u00e9ficie de la loi la moins s\u00e9v\u00e8re. \ud83c\udf43<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lois-interpretatives\">Lois interpr\u00e9tatives \ud83d\udd8b\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Con\u00e7ues pour <strong>clarifier ou interpr\u00e9ter des dispositions existantes de la loi<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elles <strong>ne cr\u00e9ent pas de nouvelles r\u00e8gles ou obligations<\/strong>, mais donnent plut\u00f4t des <strong>directives<\/strong> sur la fa\u00e7on dont la loi existante devrait \u00eatre comprise ou appliqu\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elles peuvent parfois \u00eatre r\u00e9troactives dans la mesure o\u00f9 <strong>elles clarifient l&rsquo;intention l\u00e9gislative originale. \ud83d\udc4c<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-lois-de-validation\">Les lois de validation \u2705<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les lois de validation se rapportent \u00e0 des lois promulgu\u00e9es par un l\u00e9gislateur <strong>pour valider des actes, des d\u00e9cisions ou des transactions qui \u00e9taient auparavant invalides ou contest\u00e9es<\/strong> en raison d&rsquo;un vice de forme ou de proc\u00e9dure, ou en raison de leur non-conformit\u00e9 \u00e0 certaines exigences l\u00e9gales.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces lois ont pour but de <strong>r\u00e9gulariser des situations juridiques sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong> qui, autrement, pourraient \u00eatre consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme nulles ou ill\u00e9gales. Elle s&rsquo;applique commun\u00e9ment au <strong>droit administratif. \ud83d\uddc2\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le proc\u00e8s de Nuremberg : une exception \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ina.fr\/ina-eclaire-actu\/video\/afe86003352\/l-ouverture-du-proces-de-nuremberg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">proc\u00e8s de Nuremberg<\/a>, tenu <strong>pour condamner les crimes nazis<\/strong>, a \u00e9t\u00e9 une exception au principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi. C&rsquo;est lors de ce proc\u00e8s qu\u2019a \u00e9t\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois \u00e9nonc\u00e9 une inculpation pour \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/droit\/\">crime contre l&rsquo;humanit\u00e9<\/a>\u201d, <strong>crime qui ne pr\u00e9existait pas au droit international<\/strong>. L\u2019id\u00e9e \u00e9tait alors que lorsqu&rsquo;un acte criminel sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent porte atteinte aux droits humains, il \u00e9tait<strong> capital pour le l\u00e9gislateur de trouver de nouveaux moyens pour le condamner.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Droit\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> de droit ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"en-bref\">En bref \u23f3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi demeure un <strong>pilier fondamental du syst\u00e8me juridique<\/strong>, garantissant la<strong> stabilit\u00e9 et la pr\u00e9visibilit\u00e9<\/strong> des r\u00e8gles qui gouvernent nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. Les lois, provenant du l\u00e9gislateur, ont un effet ult\u00e9rieur pour <strong>pr\u00e9server les droits des individus et de maintenir la confiance envers les institutions juridiques<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;application rigoureuse de ce principe, que tu apprendras pendant tes cours de droit, assure une juste protection des libert\u00e9s individuelles et des contrats \u00e9tablis sous l\u2018autorit\u00e9 de la loi. Et si tu as besoin d\u2019aide, prends <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\">un cours de soutien<\/a> avec un de nos profs Sherpas !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Quant \u00e0 nous, on se retrouve tr\u00e8s bient\u00f4t pour un nouvel article. \ud83c\udf1e<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;283108&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;2&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (2 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Rappel de notion : principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de la loi \u274c \ud83d\udc48&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (2 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd&rsquo;hui, nous plongeons dans l&rsquo;univers du droit pour \u00e9tudier un concept fondamental : le principe de non-r\u00e9troactivit\u00e9 de (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":283111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,830],"tag":[770],"class_list":["post-283108","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-droit-2","tag-fiche-revision"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/364"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=283108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/283108\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/283111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=283108"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=283108"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=283108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}