{"id":275027,"date":"2024-01-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-01-03T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=275027"},"modified":"2024-04-15T14:06:15","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T12:06:15","slug":"communisme","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/communisme\/","title":{"rendered":"La naissance du communisme et son application au XXe si\u00e8cle \u262d\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Si tu as bien suivi tes cours d\u2019histoire, tu sais que <strong>le communisme<\/strong> fait partie des courants de pens\u00e9es <strong>les plus influents de ces derniers si\u00e8cles.<\/strong> En totale contradiction avec le capitalisme, le communisme sous sa forme primitive a vu le jour dans <strong>l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 grecque<\/strong> avant d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9adapt\u00e9 par <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/karl-marx-idees-heritage\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"257702\">Karl Marx<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/friedrich-engels\/\">Friedrich Engels<\/a><\/strong>. Attache ta ceinture, parce qu\u2019on va s\u2019attaquer \u00e0 un sacr\u00e9 morceau de l\u2019histoire moderne et contemporaine. <strong>Tu es pr\u00eat ? On y va ! \ud83d\ude80\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZnNwd252OTY2MmplZGZtdHo5dzY3MWtpYTdqYzNuM2R4NzhsMjB6MyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/mFw51RR5HkD4gYUbIx\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Karl Marx avec les yeux scintillants \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-4.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res \u00e0 obtenir des bonnes notes ? Prends rendez-vous avec un de nos professeurs Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert ! \n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les fondations du communisme \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finition et contexte historique \u2699\ufe0f&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9finition du communisme peut \u00eatre simplifi\u00e9e en quelques mots :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"reasons\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <h3 class=\"reasons__title\"><\/h3>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6\">\n                                                        <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                        <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">1<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sans classe sociale <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                                            <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                        <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">2<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Sans salariat <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                                                                                        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6\">\n                                                                                                                                    <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">3<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Sans Etat <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">4<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Reposant sur le partage des biens <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce principe d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 pour tous n\u2019est pas nouveau, on retrouve cette notion \u00e0 diverses p\u00e9riodes de l\u2019histoire comme <strong>l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, l\u2019Europe des Lumi\u00e8res et lors de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/dates-revolution-francaise\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"220845\">R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/a>. <\/strong>Elle est \u00e9galement visible dans les principes religieux du <strong>christianisme, l\u2019islam ou le bouddhisme. \ud83d\ude4f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9closion du communisme intervient au XIXe si\u00e8cle sous l\u2019impulsion de<strong> Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels<\/strong>, en plein milieu de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/revolution-industrielle\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"268030\">r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/a>.&nbsp; \u00c0 cette p\u00e9riode, les principales puissances mondiales telles que <strong>la France, la Grande-Bretagne ou encore l\u2019Allemagne <\/strong>connaissent une grande \u00e9volution de leur production agricole et industrielle, mais aussi une croissance \u00e9conomique sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent. \ud83d\udcc8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au m\u00eame moment se d\u00e9veloppe un mouvement ouvrier, afin de contester <strong>des salaires trop faibles<\/strong> (oui, c\u2019\u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 le cas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque).\ud83d\udcb2<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"speaker\">\n        <div >\n            <h2 class=\"speaker__title\">Les intervenants<\/h2>\n            <div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/Karl_Marx_1875-e1683805959778.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Karl Marx<\/div>\n                        <div>Philosophe<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Karl Marx (1818-1883) \u00e9tait un journaliste et philosophe qui s&rsquo;est battu toute sa vie pour la reconnaissance des droits de la classe ouvri\u00e8re. Il fut une des voix de plusieurs mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaire europ\u00e9ens et il a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 le Manifeste du parti communiste avec un autre philosophe prussien, Friedrich Engels. <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Friedrich_Engels_portrait_colored_2-1.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Friedrich Engels<\/div>\n                        <div>Philosophe<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Friedric Engels (1820-1895) a \u00e9t\u00e9 un des partenaires de jeu de Karl Marx en participant \u00e0 la r\u00e9daction du Manifeste du parti communiste en 1848 puis en d\u00e9fendant les m\u00eames id\u00e9es communistes et socialistes tout au long de sa vie dans d&rsquo;autres ouvrages. <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les principes fondamentaux du communisme \ud83d\udd34<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1848, les deux philosophes allemands publient<strong> <em>Le Manifeste du parti communiste<\/em><\/strong>, un ouvrage qui sert \u00e0 mettre en lumi\u00e8re :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 les \u00e9carts entre les classes sociales ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la lib\u00e9ration de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et du profit, qui sont des notions capitalistes ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 une dictature prol\u00e9taire n\u00e9cessaire pour renverser la bourgeoisie ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 le contr\u00f4le des ressources et des moyens de production \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Prol\u00e9taire ou prol\u00e9tariat est le nom donn\u00e9 par Marx pour d\u00e9signer <strong>les ouvriers ou la classe ouvri\u00e8re<\/strong>, souffrant <strong>des progr\u00e8s techniques de la r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/strong>, qui est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un des <strong>\u00e2ges d\u2019or du capitalisme.<\/strong> Ironie du sort, c\u2019est pourtant gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces ouvriers que les progr\u00e8s sont faits. \ud83d\udc77\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019id\u00e9e de Marx est que <strong>la transition vers le communisme <\/strong>ne peut se faire qu\u2019\u00e0 condition que les ouvriers se rendent compte de leur situation et se soul\u00e8vent contre le pouvoir \u00e9tabli. Il existe une \u00e9tape interm\u00e9diaire qui est <strong>le socialisme<\/strong>, permettant de basculer vers les id\u00e9es du communisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Suppos\u00e9e utopiste, cette forme du communisme est qualifi\u00e9e de <strong>\u00ab scientifique \u00bb<\/strong> par Karl Marx et Friedrich Engels. Cependant, personne n\u2019a encore pu appliquer ces principes. Il faut attendre <strong>69 ans<\/strong> pour que l\u2019id\u00e9ologie communiste renaisse de ses cendres et <strong>soit appliqu\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en Europe. \ud83e\udee1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les notions du socialisme \ud83c\udf39<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udccc Les citoyens poss\u00e8dent des biens, mais les moyens de productions appartiennent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat avec un gouvernement \u00e9lu d\u00e9mocratiquement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udccc Des r\u00e9formes sont mises en place par les institutions pour r\u00e9soudre les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s \u00e0 la place d\u2019un renversement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udccc Les citoyens sont r\u00e9mun\u00e9r\u00e9s en fonction de leur contribution et sont r\u00e9compens\u00e9s pour leur travail.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si tu veux en savoir plus sur le Vieux Continent en p\u00e9riode de r\u00e9volution industrielle, prend rendez-vous avec un professeur Sherpas pour <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">des cours particuliers d\u2019histoire en ligne !&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                            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            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des nations qui r\u00eavent d\u2019appliquer ces principes \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e9volution d&rsquo;Octobre 1917 en Russie et la cr\u00e9ation de l&rsquo;URSS&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le courant marxiste subsiste en France et en Allemagne, peu de remous appara\u00eet <strong>jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la fin du XIXe si\u00e8cle.<\/strong> En 1898, <strong>le Parti ouvrier social-d\u00e9mocrate de Russie<\/strong> (POSDR) voit le jour, impuls\u00e9 par un certain <strong>Vladimir Illitch Oulianov, dit <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lenine\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"253254\">L\u00e9nine<\/a><\/strong>. D\u00e9j\u00e0 en p\u00e9riode d\u2019exil, le r\u00e9volutionnaire attend son heure pour bouleverser l\u2019ordre \u00e9tabli. \ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExbzN1c3c0aHB1bXIyaDV0YmZ6OTF2bmVqY2s5NGNrbzNsMWRrcHgxNCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/12tg6AoZ4LRxTy\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Lenine dans un proc\u00e8s \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les bolch\u00e9viks prennent le contr\u00f4le du <strong>Palais d\u2019Hiver de Petrograd<\/strong> (capitale russe \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque) o\u00f9 se trouvent les ministres du gouvernement provisoire sans faire face \u00e0 une grande d\u00e9fense pour prot\u00e9ger ces derniers. <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/revolution-russe\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"266238\">Le 25 octobre 1917<\/a>, <strong>la domination imp\u00e9riale <\/strong>prend fin en Russie, devenant ainsi <strong>l\u2019Union sovi\u00e9tique en 1922.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon la volont\u00e9 de L\u00e9nine, le POSDR devient le parti bolch\u00e9vik de Russie en 1918, afin de revenir \u00e0 des valeurs marxistes : <strong>la collectivisation des terres et des moyens de production ainsi que la chute de la bourgeoisie. \ud83d\udcc9&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Pour info \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Pour rappel, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, ce sont les Tsars qui sont au pouvoir en Russie. L\u00e9nine profite du contexte tendu de<strong> la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a><\/strong> afin de semer la pagaille. Il pousse les partisans du POSDR, appel\u00e9s les bolch\u00e9viks, \u00e0 renverser le pouvoir qui s\u2019est \u00e9tabli \u00e0 peine <strong>six mois plus t\u00f4t<\/strong> en r\u00e9publique d\u00e9mocratique pour renverser<strong> la dynastie des Romanov.<\/strong> \ud83d\udc51<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Si tu veux conna\u00eetre la suite de l&rsquo;histoire de l&rsquo;URSS, voici un article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/staline-portrait\/\">Staline<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Grand Bond en avant de Mao <strong>\ud83c\udde8\ud83c\uddf3<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Autre leader charismatique, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mao-zedong\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"268780\">Mao Zedong<\/a>, qui proclame <strong>la R\u00e9publique populaire de Chine<\/strong> en 1949, met en place \u00e0 son arriv\u00e9e au pouvoir un gouvernement communiste. Influenc\u00e9 par L\u00e9nine et Staline, <strong>le Grand Timonier <\/strong>veut \u00e9crire sa propre histoire en appliquant le programme du Grand Bond en avant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Celui-ci se base sur plusieurs principes :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 une nouvelle architecture<strong> socio-\u00e9conomique<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 26 000 \u201ccommunes populaires\u201d : c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des <strong>communaut\u00e9s autonomes<\/strong> qui contr\u00f4lent les moyens de productions,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 une participation obligatoire aux activit\u00e9s manuelles, agricoles, industrielles\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, maintenant, tu as une premi\u00e8re id\u00e9e de ce que repr\u00e9sente <strong>le communisme et ses id\u00e9es.<\/strong> Curieux d\u2019en savoir plus ? Alors va regarder certains des articles que nous avons mis en lien sur certains mots et prends rendez-vous avec <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">un professeur d\u2019histoire<\/a> des Sherpas pour obtenir des cours particuliers. On se dit \u00e0 bient\u00f4t pour un nouvel article !&nbsp;\ud83d\udc4b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExOGNkM3BzejhlZDR1YjQ1ODk0MHI4eWcwY2wwY29tMGRwMDluaGF5YiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/zKV9nzE3pO5PtU6dlO\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"baby yoda qui part \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;275027&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;0\\\/5 - (0 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La naissance du communisme et son application au XXe si\u00e8cle \u262d\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;0&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 0px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            <span class=\"kksr-muted\">Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?<\/span>\n    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Si tu as bien suivi tes cours d\u2019histoire, tu sais que le communisme fait partie des courants de (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":351,"featured_media":275111,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[],"class_list":["post-275027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/351"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=275027"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/275027\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/275111"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=275027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=275027"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=275027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}