{"id":274681,"date":"2024-03-03T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2024-03-03T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=274681"},"modified":"2024-02-26T13:44:20","modified_gmt":"2024-02-26T12:44:20","slug":"friedrich-engels","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/friedrich-engels\/","title":{"rendered":"Friedrich Engels : Portrait \u2692\ufe0f"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>On conna\u00eet surtout <strong>Friedrich Engels <\/strong>en tant que comparse de Karl Marx dans la r\u00e9daction du <em><strong>Manifeste du Parti Communiste<\/strong><\/em>. Mais au-del\u00e0 de cette collaboration de choc, Engels a marqu\u00e9 le XIXe si\u00e8cle en plongeant dans les probl\u00e8mes des ouvriers de son \u00e9poque, devenant ainsi l&rsquo;<strong>un des p\u00e8res de l&rsquo;id\u00e9ologie communiste<\/strong>. On part \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte de cet intellectuel de gauche ? <em>Let\u2019s go! <\/em>\ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"retour-au-xixe-siecle\">Retour au XIXe si\u00e8cle \ud83d\ude82<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/strong> a \u00e9t\u00e9 une \u00e9poque pleine de <strong>chamboulements techniques et politiques<\/strong> en <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/10-dates-construction-europeenne\/\">Europe<\/a>. Engels a \u00e9volu\u00e9 dans un contexte marqu\u00e9 par des \u00e9v\u00e9nements cl\u00e9s. \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-revolution-industrielle\">\ud83c\udfed La r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec l&rsquo;essor des machines et la m\u00e9canisation de la production, les <strong>\u00e9conomies ont radicalement chang\u00e9<\/strong>. Les gens ont quitt\u00e9 les campagnes pour s&rsquo;installer dans les villes en raison de l&rsquo;<strong>urbanisation rapide<\/strong>. <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/revolution-industrielle\/\">La r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/a>, c\u2019est une notion importante \u00e0 conna\u00eetre !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 prendre un cours de soutien en histoire avec un de nos profs particulier Sherpas ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"bouleversements-politiques\">\ud83d\udca5 Bouleversements politiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La premi\u00e8re moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle a \u00e9t\u00e9 t\u00e9moin de <strong>mouvements politiques d\u2019ampleur en Europe<\/strong>, avec les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/personnages-revolution-francaise\/\">R\u00e9volutions fran\u00e7aises de 1789<\/a> et 1830, le congr\u00e8s de Vienne et l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence des nationalismes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le<strong> \u00ab\u00a0printemps des peuples\u00a0\u00bb de 1848<\/strong> a vu se produire des soul\u00e8vements et des r\u00e9volutions, provoquant des changements politiques dans plusieurs pays europ\u00e9ens. Les id\u00e9es r\u00e9volutionnaires du socialisme se propagent. \u270a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"evolution-demographique\">\ud83d\udcc8 \u00c9volution d\u00e9mographique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 les \u00e9pid\u00e9mies et les crises \u00e9conomiques, l&rsquo;am\u00e9lioration des conditions de vie, la r\u00e9volution agricole et les avanc\u00e9es m\u00e9dicales ont contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la <strong>croissance d\u00e9mographique<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"portrait-de-friedrich-engels\">Portrait de Friedrich Engels \ud83e\uddd4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9 le 28 novembre 1820 \u00e0 Barmen, en Prusse rh\u00e9nane (actuellement Wuppertal, en Allemagne), Engels venait d&rsquo;une <strong>famille ais\u00e9e d&rsquo;industriels textiles<\/strong>. Son p\u00e8re, propri\u00e9taire d&rsquo;une usine, r\u00eavait que Friedrich suive ses traces dans le commerce. \ud83d\udc55<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais Engels a <strong>choisi la voie de la philosophie<\/strong>, s&rsquo;engageant politiquement avec des groupes d&rsquo;intellectuels radicaux, dans les mouvances socialistes et \u00e9crivant des articles de recherches.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout en travaillant dans l&rsquo;entreprise familiale, Friedrich Engels s&rsquo;est plong\u00e9 dans la <strong>vie des ouvriers \u00e0 Manchester<\/strong>, observant les probl\u00e8mes sociaux li\u00e9s \u00e0 l&rsquo;industrialisation, en particulier \u00e0 travers le mouvement ouvrier appel\u00e9 le <strong>chartisme<\/strong>. \ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1844, Engels a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 son premier livre, <strong><em>La Situation de la classe ouvri\u00e8re en Angleterre<\/em><\/strong>, et a rencontr\u00e9 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/karl-marx-idees-heritage\/\">Karl Marx<\/a> en 1845. Ensemble, ils ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 une pens\u00e9e politique communiste, plus tard connue sous le nom de <strong>marxisme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-medium is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"2400\" height=\"2107\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?func=bound&amp;w=300&amp;h=300\" alt=\"Portrait de Marx et Engels rouge et jaune\n\" class=\"wp-image-274685\" style=\"width:538px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=2400 2400w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=2048 2048w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=142 142w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=310 310w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=423 423w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/02\/Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_red.png?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2400px) 100vw, 2400px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Portrait de Marx et Engels, aux couleurs du communisme<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Karl_Marx_and_Friedrich_Engels_(red).png\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u00a9Suthir<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Pourquoi Engels est moins connu que Karl Marx ? \ud83e\udd1d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Engels \u00e9tait un grand ami de Karl Marx et surtout son plus proche collaborateur, au point que certains articles \u00e9crits par la main d\u2019Engels sont sign\u00e9s Marx et inversement. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, toute l\u2019\u0153uvre de Karl Marx est en collaboration avec Engels, mais ce dernier a davantage \u0153uvr\u00e9 \u00e0 rendre possible financi\u00e8rement le d\u00e9veloppement de la th\u00e9orie de Marx avec qui Engels partageait les m\u00eames id\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"manifeste-du-parti-communiste\">Manifeste du Parti Communiste \ud83d\udce3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En <strong>1848<\/strong>, Marx et Engels ont \u00e9crit un truc super important appel\u00e9 le <em><strong>Manifeste du Parti Communiste<\/strong><\/em>. \u00c7a parle des <strong>id\u00e9es de base du communisme<\/strong>, et \u00e7a a vraiment marqu\u00e9 la pens\u00e9e politique de gauche. La <strong>Ligue communiste<\/strong>, qui \u00e9tait autrefois la Ligue des justes, les a charg\u00e9s de le faire. \ud83d\udcd5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/gallica.bnf.fr\/ark:\/12148\/bpt6k1508210x\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Le manifeste <\/a>expose une vision mat\u00e9rialiste de l&rsquo;histoire et affirme que les <strong>conflits entre groupes sociaux<\/strong> avec des conditions de vie diff\u00e9rentes ont influenc\u00e9 notre \u00e9volution historique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils critiquent <strong>le capitalisme comme l&rsquo;exploitation ultime des prol\u00e9taires<\/strong> par la bourgeoisie. Les auteurs veulent carr\u00e9ment l&rsquo;abolition de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e des moyens de production, vue comme une spoliation des richesses cr\u00e9\u00e9es par les travailleurs au profit des propri\u00e9taires, assimil\u00e9e \u00e0 une spoliation de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 sociale. \ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Spoliation ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Spolier, c\u2019est comme voler, sauf que l\u2019action n\u2019a pas de caract\u00e8re r\u00e9pr\u00e9hensible aux yeux de la loi. Dans le cas cit\u00e9 plus haut, la bourgeoisie ne \u201cvole\u201d pas \u00e0 proprement parler les travailleurs, mais les d\u00e9poss\u00e8dent de ce qui devrait, selon des valeurs morales, leur revenir.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils d\u00e9noncent aussi le lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique et politique, en disant que la libert\u00e9 individuelle et les contrats de travail sont des illusions qui <strong>ignorent les rapports de forces entre les bourgeois et prol\u00e9taires<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les auteurs appellent \u00e0 l&rsquo;<strong>unit\u00e9 des travailleurs du monde entier<\/strong> contre leurs oppresseurs, sugg\u00e9rant dix mesures imm\u00e9diates apr\u00e8s la prise du pouvoir par le prol\u00e9tariat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces mesures incluent :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La socialisation des moyens de production ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 L&rsquo;abolition de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fonci\u00e8re ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 L&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement d&rsquo;une \u00e9ducation publique gratuite. \ud83c\udfeb<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Manifeste encourage \u00e0 <strong>cr\u00e9er des partis communistes<\/strong> et \u00e0 <strong>collaborer \u00e0 l&rsquo;international<\/strong> pour renverser le syst\u00e8me capitaliste. Marx et Engels pensent que si les travailleurs s&rsquo;organisent et prennent conscience ensemble de leur position et de leur pouvoir politique, \u00e7a va provoquer des <strong>r\u00e9volutions sociales qui mettront fin au capitalisme<\/strong>. Rien que \u00e7a. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"reasons\">\n    <div class=\"container\">\n        <h3 class=\"reasons__title\" id=\"petit-recap\"><p>Petit r\u00e9cap&rsquo;<\/p>\n<\/h3>\n                <div class=\"row\">\n            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6\">\n                                                            <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">1<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Mat\u00e9rialisme<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                                                    <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">3<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Conscience de classe<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                                                    <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">5<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Fin de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                    <\/div>\n            <div class=\"col-12 col-md-6\">\n                                                                                                <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">2<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Lutte des classes<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                                                    <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">4<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Union prol\u00e9taire<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                                                                                    <div class=\"reasons__item\">\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-number\">6<\/div>\n                            <div class=\"reasons__item-text\">Abolition du capitalisme<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                                                <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExbWI1bWI4YXdyMnczbG1zZDA2eG9ueDZ5MWNwMDNxcHFmNDR0Z2xmciZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/mFw51RR5HkD4gYUbIx\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"karl marx en gif qui dit &quot;Le marxisme s'intensifie&quot;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lapproche-historique-dengels\">L&rsquo;approche historique d\u2019Engels \ud83d\udc04<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1884, Engels publie l\u2019essai <em>L&rsquo;origine de la famille, de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/em>, analysant l&rsquo;<strong>impact historique de l&rsquo;av\u00e8nement de l&rsquo;agriculture<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udf3e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Engels souligne le passage de la production alimentaire \u00e0 une <strong>activit\u00e9 masculine<\/strong>, perturbant l&rsquo;\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique entre les sexes. Cette transition <strong>modifie les rapports de pouvoir familiaux<\/strong>, instaurant la descendance paternelle et la monogamie comme r\u00e9ponses sociales. \ud83d\udc70<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;<strong>oppression des femmes<\/strong> \u00e9merge avec ces changements, devenant une lutte contre la structure de classe du capitalisme, qui semble exiger cette oppression pour perdurer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du point de vue de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat, l&rsquo;agriculture, g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un exc\u00e9dent, favorise l&rsquo;\u00e9mergence d&rsquo;une classe dirigeante. <strong>L&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/strong>, d\u00e9fenseur des int\u00e9r\u00eats de cette minorit\u00e9, <strong>joue un r\u00f4le crucial dans les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s de classe<\/strong>. \u270a<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                   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 <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"engels-apres-le-manifeste-du-parti-communiste\">Engels apr\u00e8s le manifeste du parti communiste<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>Le Printemps des peuples<\/strong> 1848 : ces mouvements \u00e9taient r\u00e9prim\u00e9s, conduisant Engels \u00e0 s&rsquo;exiler \u00e0 Manchester puis \u00e0 Londres pour son implication dans le mouvement allemand.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>Soutien \u00e0 la recherche<\/strong> : Friedrich Engels continua \u00e0 soutenir la recherche et devint le m\u00e9c\u00e8ne de Karl Marx. Apr\u00e8s la mort de Marx, <strong>Engels s&rsquo;engagea \u00e0 poursuivre et \u00e0 achever <em>Kapital<\/em>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f <strong>Association internationale des travailleurs<\/strong> (AIT) en 1864 : l&rsquo;AIT a \u00e9t\u00e9 fond\u00e9e en r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 une vague de gr\u00e8ves en Angleterre contr\u00e9es par l&rsquo;intervention de travailleurs \u00e9trangers, soulignant ainsi la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d&rsquo;une<strong> organisation internationale de soutien aux mouvements ouvriers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f La <strong>Deuxi\u00e8me Internationale<\/strong> en 1889 : face \u00e0 la r\u00e9pression des id\u00e9es socialistes en Allemagne, Engels fonda la Deuxi\u00e8me Internationale \u00e0 la fin de sa vie. Cette organisation visait \u00e0 promouvoir la c<strong>oop\u00e9ration internationale entre les partis socialistes et ouvriers de diff\u00e9rents pays.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pour-conclure\">Pour conclure \ud83d\udc40<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Plong\u00e9 dans les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s de la condition ouvri\u00e8re du XIXe si\u00e8cle, Engels a contribu\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re significative au <strong>d\u00e9veloppement du socialisme et du communisme<\/strong>, laissant une empreinte durable sur la pens\u00e9e politique de gauche.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son analyse historique et sociologique, expos\u00e9e notamment dans <em>L&rsquo;origine de la famille, de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e et de l&rsquo;\u00c9tat<\/em>, a jet\u00e9 les <strong>bases d&rsquo;une compr\u00e9hension scientifique des processus sociaux<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0 ! Tu sais maintenant (presque) tout sur la vie d\u2019Engels ! Mais si tu veux approfondir et r\u00e9viser avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/economie\">cours de soutien en \u00e9conomie<\/a> avec un de nos profs particulier Sherpas, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;274681&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Friedrich Engels : Portrait \u2692\ufe0f&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>On conna\u00eet surtout Friedrich Engels en tant que comparse de Karl Marx dans la r\u00e9daction du Manifeste du (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":364,"featured_media":274772,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[826,803,821],"tag":[781],"class_list":["post-274681","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ses-economie-esh","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274681","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/364"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=274681"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/274681\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/274772"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=274681"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=274681"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=274681"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}