{"id":268442,"date":"2023-12-13T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-12-13T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=268442"},"modified":"2023-12-08T18:58:51","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T17:58:51","slug":"optimisme-philosophie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/optimisme-philosophie\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche de cours : l\u2019optimisme en philosophie !\u200b \u200b\ud83d\ude0a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00ab L\u2019optimisme, c\u2019est voir la vie en rose. \u00bb Ok, c\u2019est un d\u00e9but, mais cette d\u00e9finition ne passera pas dans une copie de philo. En plus d\u2019\u00eatre l\u2019ennemi jur\u00e9 du pessimisme,<strong> l\u2019optimisme regroupe plusieurs concepts et a divers sens<\/strong>.\u200b \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 les diff\u00e9rencier et \u00e0 cartonner en cours, on t\u2019a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 <strong>une fiche r\u00e9cap sur cette notion<\/strong>. Leibniz, Malebranche, F\u00e9nelon\u2026 Tu conna\u00eetras bient\u00f4t la pens\u00e9e de ces grands philosophes sur l\u2019optimisme ! Pr\u00eat \u00e0 les d\u00e9couvrir ? C\u2019est parti !\u200b \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/psychologie\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lettre-motivation-parcoursup.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lettre-motivation-parcoursup.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/lettre-motivation-parcoursup.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui \u00e9crit sa lettre de motivation pour Parcoursup\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Envie de devenir le pro de l&rsquo;optimisme en psychologie ? Trouve le Sherpa de tes r\u00eaves et prends des cours particuliers ! \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Cartonne en cours !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment d\u00e9finir la notion d\u2019optimisme ?\u200b \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une doctrine philosophique\u200b \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfeb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Eh oui, dire qu\u2019un optimiste passe son temps \u00e0 sourire et \u00e0 lancer des p\u00e2querettes sur les autres n\u2019est pas suffisant ! Ce serait m\u00eame assez maladroit, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que<strong> le mot \u00ab optimisme \u00bb poss\u00e8de plusieurs d\u00e9finitions<\/strong>.\u200b \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le terme est un d\u00e9riv\u00e9 de l\u2019adjectif latin <strong><em>optimus<\/em><\/strong><strong>, qui signifie \u00ab le meilleur \u00bb<\/strong>. Maintenant que tu as l\u2019info, tu comprendras peut-\u00eatre mieux le texte ci-dessous.\u200b \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrtl.fr\/definition\/optimisme\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">le Centre National de Ressources Textuelles et Lexicales<\/a>, l\u2019optimisme est une \u00ab doctrine qui soutient que Dieu \u00e9tant parfait, <strong>tout est n\u00e9cessairement pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles<\/strong> [et que] le bien l&#8217;emporte sur le mal, ou que le mal n&rsquo;y a de sens qu&rsquo;en fonction du bien \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Analysons ce texte ensemble :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour commencer, l\u2019optimisme est une doctrine, soit <strong>une mani\u00e8re de penser qui repose sur des convictions sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong>. Ensuite, la phrase sugg\u00e8re que Dieu, en tant qu\u2019entit\u00e9 supr\u00eame, est parfait en tout point.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"498\" height=\"498\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?func=bound&amp;w=498&amp;h=498\" alt=\"Un homme retire ses lunettes de soleil, impressionn\u00e9.\" class=\"wp-image-232778\" style=\"width:396px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?w=498 498w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/WowOhGIF.gif?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 498px) 100vw, 498px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200bEn raison de la perfection de cet \u00catre, tout ce qui se produirait dans l\u2019univers <strong>serait n\u00e9cessairement destin\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre pour le mieux<\/strong>. Chaque \u00e9v\u00e9nement contribuerait de mani\u00e8re optimale au bien commun.\u200b \u200b\ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans <em>L&rsquo;esprit de la philosophie m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/em> (1932), <strong>Gilson parle aussi d\u2019optimisme chr\u00e9tien<\/strong>. Il explique que ce concept vient d\u2019Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e et qu\u2019il repose sur la conviction que le monde serait l&rsquo;\u0153uvre d&rsquo;un Dieu bon. Ir\u00e9n\u00e9e soutient que cet \u00catre assumerait la pleine responsabilit\u00e9 de sa cr\u00e9ation, car elle serait intrins\u00e8quement bonne.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, cette d\u00e9finition souligne que<strong> le bien pr\u00e9domine sur le mal et qu\u2019il donne un sens \u00e0 ce concept<\/strong>. Malgr\u00e9 l&rsquo;existence du mal, le bien finit toujours par triompher. \u00c7a fait un peu penser \u00e0 la guerre entre les Jedis et les Siths, non ?\u200b \ud83e\udd2d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"208\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/hello-there.gif?func=bound&amp;w=480&amp;h=208\" alt=\"Obi-Wan Kenobi salue la foule.\" class=\"wp-image-268488\" style=\"width:570px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udcd6 Entre raison et foi : la philosophie d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/averroes\/\">Averro\u00e8s<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit positif\u200b \ud83c\udf08<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsque quelqu&rsquo;un se d\u00e9crit comme un \u00ab optimiste \u00bb, \u00e7a ne fait g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement pas penser imm\u00e9diatement \u00e0 une connexion avec une antique doctrine religieuse. Il est plus probable que tu penses que<strong> cette personne cherche \u00e0 voir le c\u00f4t\u00e9 positif de chaque chose<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd <strong>Synonymes d\u2019optimisme : <\/strong>confiance, esp\u00e9rance, espoir\u2026<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Si on s\u2019int\u00e9resse au second sens, on retrouve cette id\u00e9e. Selon le CNRTL, l\u2019optimisme est aussi une \u00ab <strong>disposition d&rsquo;esprit qui consiste \u00e0 voir le bon c\u00f4t\u00e9 des choses,<\/strong> \u00e0 trouver que tout est pour le mieux, \u00e0 ne pas s&rsquo;inqui\u00e9ter des embarras pr\u00e9sents et \u00e0 bien augurer de l&rsquo;avenir \u00bb.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 \u00catre optimiste consiste \u00e0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>penser que tout va bien ;<\/li>\n<li>ne pas se pr\u00e9occuper des difficult\u00e9s actuelles ;<\/li>\n<li>anticiper favorablement l\u2019avenir.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>C\u2019est donc l\u2019exact oppos\u00e9 du pessimisme<\/strong>, une disposition qui porte \u00e0 prendre les choses du mauvais c\u00f4t\u00e9 et \u00e0 \u00eatre persuad\u00e9 qu&rsquo;elles tourneront mal.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                    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                             <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les principales conceptions de l\u2019optimisme\u200b \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, on connaissait plusieurs formes \u00e0 l\u2019optimisme, dont<strong> l\u2019optimisme absolu et l\u2019optimisme relatif<\/strong>. Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre les deux ? Quels <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/quiz-philosophie\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"224134\">philosophes<\/a> sont concern\u00e9s ? On te dit tout dans cette partie !\u200b \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019optimisme absolu \u2728<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu te souviens du texte du CNRTL ? Eh bien, ici,<strong> l\u2019optimisme absolu renvoie \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re partie de la d\u00e9finition<\/strong> : \u00ab doctrine qui soutient que Dieu \u00e9tant parfait, tout est n\u00e9cessairement pour le mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd Les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/https-sherpas-com-blog-philosophes-incontournables\/\">philosophes<\/a> qui soutiennent cette th\u00e8se sont <strong>Malebranche et Leibniz.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nicolas Malebranche \u200b\ud83d\udc81\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019apr\u00e8s Malebranche, <strong>Dieu aurait cr\u00e9\u00e9 l\u2019ensemble de l\u2019univers dans le but de manifester sa gloire<\/strong> de fa\u00e7on \u00e9clatante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Pour lui, cet \u00catre aurait pu \u00e9viter certains maux par des \u00ab volont\u00e9s particuli\u00e8res \u00bb, mais ne l\u2019aurait pas fait parce que \u00e7a aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 contraire \u00e0 la perfection. Malebranche consid\u00e8re en effet que <strong>cr\u00e9er par le biais de moyens simples et g\u00e9n\u00e9raux est un signe de perfection<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"499\" height=\"374\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg\" alt=\"Nicolas Malebranche.\" class=\"wp-image-268483\" style=\"width:301px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=499 499w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=167 167w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=363 363w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=495 495w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Nicolas_Malebranche.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 499px) 100vw, 499px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Portrait de Nicolas Malebranche<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 tout, Dieu ne d\u00e9rogerait pas \u00e0 la perfection en permettant le mal, car <strong>le mal serait inscrit dans le cadre d\u2019une vision globale<\/strong> visant \u00e0 atteindre le bien supr\u00eame.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd O\u00f9 veut-il en venir ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Malebranche en appelle \u00e0 <strong>l\u2019Incarnation<\/strong>. Selon cette perspective, l&rsquo;union du Verbe (la parole divine) \u00e0 la nature humaine \u00e9l\u00e8ve la cr\u00e9ation \u00e0 un niveau de perfection divin.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz\u200b \ud83d\udc81\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Quant \u00e0 Leibniz, il pense que<strong> Dieu envisagerait la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une infinit\u00e9 de mondes<\/strong>, chacun diff\u00e9rant par son degr\u00e9 de perfection. Le divin \u00e9tant intelligent et puissant, il conna\u00eetrait d\u00e9j\u00e0 le meilleur de ces univers et aurait le pouvoir de le cr\u00e9er.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"600\" height=\"450\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg\" alt=\"Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz\u200b.\" class=\"wp-image-268484\" style=\"width:250px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=600 600w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=167 167w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=363 363w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=495 495w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Leibniz.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Portrait de Leibniz.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Choisir d\u00e9lib\u00e9r\u00e9ment de cr\u00e9er un monde <strong>moins parfait<\/strong> serait contraire \u00e0 :<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>1.<strong> Sa sagesse.<\/strong> Dieu n\u2019aurait plus de raison d\u2019\u00eatre parce qu\u2019il \u00ab ne serait pas possible de rendre raison pourquoi les choses sont all\u00e9es plut\u00f4t ainsi qu&rsquo;autrement \u00bb. <em>Principes de la nature et de la gr\u00e2ce fond\u00e9s en raison<\/em> (1714).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2. <strong>Et sa bont\u00e9<\/strong>, \u00ab car d&rsquo;avancer qu&rsquo;il sait ce qui est meilleur, qu&rsquo;il le peut faire et qu&rsquo;il rie le fait pas, c&rsquo;est avouer qu&rsquo;il ne tenait qu&rsquo;\u00e0 sa volont\u00e9 (le rendre le monde meilleur qu&rsquo;il n&rsquo;est ; mais c&rsquo;est ce qu&rsquo;on appelle manquer de bont\u00e9) \u00bb. <em>Essais de Th\u00e9odic\u00e9e sur la bont\u00e9 de dieu, la libert\u00e9 de l&rsquo;homme et l&rsquo;origine du mal <\/em>(1710).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Ce refus d&rsquo;am\u00e9liorer l\u2019univers serait consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme<strong> un manque de bont\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd <strong>Note : <\/strong>Leibniz pense que l\u2019impossibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er une cr\u00e9ature parfaite ne s\u2019applique pas \u00e0 l&rsquo;univers dans son ensemble. L\u2019univers est destin\u00e9 \u00e0 s&rsquo;\u00e9tendre \u00e9ternellement, il est infini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En clair, Leibniz pense que ce monde est le meilleur parmi tous les univers possibles et que le mal qu&rsquo;il contient est <strong>in\u00e9vitable, indispensable ET souhaitable<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/think-spongebob.gif?func=bound&amp;w=500&amp;h=375\" alt=\"Bob l'\u00e9ponge et son ami r\u00e9fl\u00e9chissent.\" class=\"wp-image-265800\" style=\"width:454px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi, en train de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 tout \u00e7a<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cette id\u00e9e fait notamment r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 \u00ab l\u2019ordre g\u00e9n\u00e9ral \u00bb, qui demande la pr\u00e9sence du mal pour rendre le tout plus beau. L&rsquo;optimisme ne signifie pas ignorer na\u00efvement les aspects n\u00e9gatifs de la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, <strong>mais plut\u00f4t voir les choses dans le contexte du tout<\/strong>.\u200b \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Si tu t\u2019emm\u00eales les pinceaux avec les th\u00e9ories de Leibniz, tu peux prendre des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/philosophie\/online\">cours particuliers de philosophie en ligne<\/a>. Tu r\u00e9viseras depuis chez toi avec un Sherpa qualifi\u00e9, et tu pourras r\u00e9viser toutes les le\u00e7ons qui te posent probl\u00e8me !\u200b \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n<section\n    class=\"articles articles--vertical articles--3\">\n    <div  class=\"container\" >\n        <div class=\"articles__top\">\n        <p class=\"t-05\">D\u00e9couvre d&rsquo;autres notions de philo !<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-langage-en-philosophie\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pexels-jopwell-2422280-scaled.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pexels-jopwell-2422280-scaled.jpg?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/pexels-jopwell-2422280-scaled.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"Fiche de cours : le langage en philosophie&nbsp;\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-langage-en-philosophie\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                Fiche de cours : le langage en philosophie&nbsp;\ud83d\udde3\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu \u00e9tais en pleine recherche d\u2019une fiche sur le langage en philosophie en Terminale pour compl\u00e9ter tes cours (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/fiche-revision\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Fiche de r\u00e9vision<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/devoir-philosophie\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/devoir-philosophie.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/devoir-philosophie.jpg?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/devoir-philosophie.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"Fiche de cours : le devoir en philosophie&nbsp;\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/devoir-philosophie\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                Fiche de cours : le devoir en philosophie&nbsp;\ud83d\udea8\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    \u00catre ou ne pas \u00eatre en gal\u00e8re au bac de philosophie, telle est la question. Si la notion (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/bac\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Bac<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/fiche-revision\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Fiche de r\u00e9vision<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/terminale\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Terminale<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/nature-culture-philosophie\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/nature-et-culture.png?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/nature-et-culture.png?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/04\/nature-et-culture.png?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"Fiche de cours : nature et culture en philosophie&nbsp;\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/nature-culture-philosophie\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                Fiche de cours : nature et culture en philosophie&nbsp;\ud83c\udf43\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu es une force de la nature\u202f? On va voir si tu es capable de survivre \u00e0 tes (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/bac\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Bac<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/ecologie\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">\u00c9cologie<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/fiche-revision\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Fiche de r\u00e9vision<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/terminale\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Terminale<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019optimisme relatif\u200b \ud83e\udd0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019optimisme relatif, d\u00e9fendu par des philosophes comme saint Anselme, saint Thomas, Bossuet ou encore F\u00e9nelon, s\u2019oppose \u00e0 l\u2019optimisme absolu en affirmant que <strong>le monde ne serait pas parfait de mani\u00e8re absolue, mais plut\u00f4t de mani\u00e8re relative<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd<strong> Relatif : <\/strong>ce qui ne suffit pas \u00e0 soi-m\u00eame, \u00e0 ce qui n&rsquo;est ni absolu, ni ind\u00e9pendant.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bL\u2019optimisme absolu s\u2019appuie sur l\u2019id\u00e9e que<strong> cr\u00e9er le meilleur des univers serait impossible<\/strong> puisqu\u2019il y aurait toujours moyen d\u2019obtenir une perfection plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Ainsi, plusieurs objections peuvent \u00eatre faites contre l\u2019optimisme absolu :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>1\ufe0f\u20e3 L\u2019optimisme absolu suppose que le seigneur ne pourrait vouloir que ce qui est meilleur en soi. Il n\u2019aurait donc aucune <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/liberte-philosophie\/\">libert\u00e9<\/a> divine.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>2\ufe0f\u20e3 Le monde \u00e9tant infini, cet \u00catre ne pourrait jamais cr\u00e9er le meilleur des univers.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>3\ufe0f\u20e3 Si ce monde \u00e9tait le meilleur, on ne pourrait pas y apporter de corrections.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces philosophes vont plus loin en soulevant que, si l\u2019univers \u00e9tait parfait,<strong> la souffrance et le crime seraient justifi\u00e9s<\/strong> puisqu\u2019ils feraient partie de l\u2019\u0153uvre parfaite du divin.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83e\udd13 Tout savoir sur le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-moi-en-philosophie\/\">moi en philosophie<\/a>\u00a0!<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019optimisme de Spinoza \u2600\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour finir, tu as Spinoza, qui lie l\u2019optimisme au <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/bonheur-philosophie\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"257507\">bonheur<\/a>. D\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, le bonheur r\u00e9siderait dans la r\u00e9alisation de sa nature profonde. <strong>Le but de chaque \u00eatre serait de cro\u00eetre dans une joie durable<\/strong>, fond\u00e9e sur la perception de la vie, plut\u00f4t que sur des biens mat\u00e9riels.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1033\" height=\"775\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1024&amp;h=775\" alt=\"Spinoza.\" class=\"wp-image-268485\" style=\"width:498px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=1033 1033w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=167 167w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=363 363w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=495 495w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/spinoza.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1033px) 100vw, 1033px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Portrait de Spinoza<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Spinoza accorde une grande importance \u00e0 <strong>l\u2019union du corps et de l\u2019\u00e2me <\/strong>pour atteindre une joie permanente.\u200b Il soutient que les affects (d\u00e9sirs, \u00e9motions, etc.) dirigent les humains et qu\u2019il faudrait se conna\u00eetre et user de la raison pour s\u2019en lib\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour ce faire, Spinoza pr\u00e9conise de<strong> d\u00e9ployer ses affects positifs <\/strong>en d\u00e9veloppant son intuition (par la raison). Bref, il faudrait savoir discerner le vrai du faux ! \u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd<strong> Intuition :<\/strong> connaissance sup\u00e9rieure et distincte des d\u00e9sirs inconscients.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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    <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019optimisme en action : exemples concrets\u200b \ud83c\udfc3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019optimisme dans la litt\u00e9rature\u200b \ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 comprendre comment l\u2019optimisme peut agir, on t\u2019a s\u00e9lectionn\u00e9<strong> des ouvrages s\u2019int\u00e9ressant \u00e0 cet \u00e9tat<\/strong>. Pr\u00eat \u00e0 les d\u00e9couvrir ? C\u2019est parti !\u200b \ud83d\udcab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Candide ou l\u2019Optimisme<\/em> de Voltaire (1759)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1920\" height=\"1280\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1024&amp;h=1024\" alt=\"Un petit gar\u00e7on est heureux dans un champ de bl\u00e9.\" class=\"wp-image-268486\" style=\"width:496px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=1920 1920w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=188 188w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=557 557w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=378 378w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/candide.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1920px) 100vw, 1920px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dans son livre, Voltaire utilise le personnage de Candide, un jeune homme innocent, pour <strong>critiquer l\u2019optimisme excessif de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque<\/strong>. Le protagoniste traverse diverses aventures qui le confrontent \u00e0 la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, remettant ainsi en question ce que Pangloss lui a appris : \u00ab tout est au mieux dans le meilleur des mondes possibles \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd <strong>Rappel : <\/strong>c\u2019est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie de Leibniz !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En lisant ce roman, tu te rendras compte que Pangloss incarne l\u2019optimisme d\u00e9raisonnable, tandis que <strong>Candide \u00e9volue vers un optimisme plus mod\u00e9r\u00e9<\/strong>, mettant en avant la n\u00e9cessit\u00e9 d\u2019agir face aux injustices plut\u00f4t que de tout accepter passivement.\u200b \ud83d\ude2c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu veux en savoir plus sur<strong> les notions philosophiques \u00e9voqu\u00e9es dans <em>Candide<\/em><\/strong>, tu peux prendre des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/philosophie\">cours particuliers de philosophie<\/a> avec un Sherpa. Le prof de tes r\u00eaves pourra te parler de l&rsquo;opinion de Voltaire en ce qui concerne la th\u00e9orie sur l&rsquo;optimisme de Leibniz !\u200b \ud83d\ude0c<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udcda Fiche de lecture : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/candide-voltaire-resume\/\">Candide de Voltaire<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>La joie<\/em> de Charles P\u00e9pin (2015)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"682\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin-1024x682.jpg\" alt=\"Une femme danse sous le soleil.\" class=\"wp-image-260813\" style=\"width:494px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=188 188w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=557 557w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=378 378w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=1280 1280w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/la-joie-charles-pepin.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dans ce livre, tu suis les aventures de Solaro, un homme qui traverse les \u00e9preuves de la vie avec un optimisme qui donne le vertige. <strong>Le personnage est en d\u00e9calage avec son entourage<\/strong>, car il sait toujours jouir du moment. \u2600\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"400\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/optimisme-2.gif\" alt=\"Un homme sourit excessivement.\" class=\"wp-image-268489\" style=\"width:358px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Solaro, tous les jours de sa vie<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Cette histoire t\u2019invite \u00e0 <strong>te demander ce qu\u2019est v\u00e9ritablement le bonheur<\/strong>. Est-ce un \u00e9tat ? Une philosophie ? Un but \u00e0 atteindre ?<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\ude07 \u200aD\u00e9couvre 9 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/livre-vacances-apprendre\/\">livres pour apprendre<\/a> et s\u2019\u00e9vader !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/em> de Victor Hugo (1862)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"853\" height=\"700\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg\" alt=\"Gavroche des Mis\u00e9rables.\" class=\"wp-image-268487\" style=\"width:464px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=853 853w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=152 152w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=331 331w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=452 452w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/les-miserables.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Dans <em>Les Mis\u00e9rables,<\/em> l&rsquo;optimisme est incarn\u00e9 par un personnage : Jean Valjean. Sa transformation, <strong>passant d&rsquo;un bagnard \u00e0 un maire bon et g\u00e9n\u00e9reux<\/strong>, sugg\u00e8re que la r\u00e9demption et les changements positifs sont possibles.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd<strong> Bagne : <\/strong>un \u00e9tablissement p\u00e9nitentiaire de travaux forc\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En d\u2019autres termes, le roman met en avant <strong>un optimisme profond dans la capacit\u00e9 de l\u2019\u00eatre humain \u00e0 surmonter l\u2019adversit\u00e9 <\/strong>et \u00e0 \u00e9voluer vers le bien. \u00c0 la fin de l&rsquo;histoire, Jean Valjean symbolise litt\u00e9ralement le Bien (avec un grand B\u200b \ud83d\ude0e).<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83e\uddf9 Fiche de lecture : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/miserables-victor-hugo\/\">Les Mis\u00e9rables de Victor Hugo<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><em>Le Petit Prince<\/em> d\u2019Antoine de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry (1943)<\/h4>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince-1024x683.jpg\" alt=\"Le Petit Prince.\" class=\"wp-image-262712\" style=\"width:616px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=188 188w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=557 557w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=725 725w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=378 378w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=1920 1920w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/08\/le-petit-prince.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 travers les aventures du Petit Prince, l\u2019auteur met en avant une perception bien particuli\u00e8re du monde. Malgr\u00e9 les rencontres parfois d\u00e9concertantes qu\u2019il fait sur diff\u00e9rentes plan\u00e8tes, <strong>le personnage maintient une perspective optimiste<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Son innocence et sa sagesse enfantine te rappellent <strong>l\u2019importance de voir l\u2019univers avec des yeux \u00e9merveill\u00e9s<\/strong>, ce qui contribue \u00e0 l\u2019optimisme global du r\u00e9cit.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udc51 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-petit-prince-de-saint-exupery\/\">Le Petit Prince<\/a> : le livre le plus lu au monde ?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Cultiver l\u2019optimisme au quotidien\u200b\u200b \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c7a veut dire quoi, \u00eatre positif chaque jour ? Voici quelques pistes de r\u00e9flexion :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2241\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2241\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">La gratitude<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Prends le temps d\u2019appr\u00e9cier chaque chose de la vie.<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les pens\u00e9es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Remplace tes pens\u00e9es n\u00e9gatives par des pens\u00e9es positives.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les le\u00e7ons<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ne t\u2019attarde pas sur tes \u00e9checs, mais tire des le\u00e7ons.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les activit\u00e9s<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Fais des choses qui t\u2019apportent de la joie et du bien-\u00eatre.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Le recul<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Prends du recul et cherche une solution \u00e0 chaque probl\u00e8me.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">L\u2019auto-compassion<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Ne te critique pas de mani\u00e8re excessive en cas d'\u00e9chec.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Le moment pr\u00e9sent<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Appr\u00e9cie le moment pr\u00e9sent sans t\u2019inqui\u00e9ter du futur.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Le but<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Trouve un objectif ou une cause qui donne un sens \u00e0 ta vie.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">L\u2019entourage<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Discute avec des personnes ayant une \u00e9nergie positive.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2241 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Cultiver ces habitudes peut t\u2019aider \u00e0 mieux faire face aux d\u00e9fis quotidiens.<\/p>\n\n\n<section\n    class=\"articles articles--vertical articles--3\">\n    <div  class=\"container\" >\n        <div class=\"articles__top\">\n        <p class=\"t-05\">D\u00e9couvre d&rsquo;autres articles !<\/p>\n                <\/div>\n        <div class=\"row\">\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/art-philosophie\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palette-art.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palette-art.jpg?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/palette-art.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"L&rsquo;art en philosophie : d\u00e9finitions, pens\u00e9es&nbsp;\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/art-philosophie\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                L&rsquo;art en philosophie : d\u00e9finitions, pens\u00e9es&nbsp;\ud83c\udfa8\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu joues d\u2019un instrument de musique, tu dessines, tu \u00e9cris, tu danses ou tu prends des photos ? (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/art\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Art<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/bac\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Bac<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/fiche-revision\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Fiche de r\u00e9vision<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/terminale\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Terminale<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/heidegger\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/heide.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/heide.jpg?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/heide.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"Martin Heidegger : la philosophie de l\u2019\u00eatre&nbsp;\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/heidegger\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                Martin Heidegger : la philosophie de l\u2019\u00eatre&nbsp;\ud83e\udde0\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    As-tu d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler du philosophe Martin Heidegger et de sa philosophie\u202f? Eh bien aujourd\u2019hui, laisse-nous te plonger (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/portraits\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Portraits<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n            \n                <div class=\"col-12 col-xl-4 \">\n                    <div\n\n   class=\"article-card-vertical  article-card-vertical--3   \">\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/etat-philosophie\/\">\n            <picture>\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Etat-en-philosophie.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Etat-en-philosophie.jpg?func=crop&#038;w=80&#038;h=80\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"article-card-vertical__image\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/06\/Etat-en-philosophie.jpg?func=bound&#038;w=396&#038;h=272\" alt=\"L\u2019\u00c9tat en philosophie : d\u00e9finitions, analyse&nbsp;\ufe0f\">\n            <\/picture>\n\n        <\/a>\n        <div class=\"article-card-vertical__content\">\n        <a class=\"article-card-vertical__link\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/etat-philosophie\/\">\n            <h3 class=\"article-card-vertical__title\">\n                L\u2019\u00c9tat en philosophie : d\u00e9finitions, analyse&nbsp;\ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f\n            <\/h3>\n                            <div class=\"article-card-vertical__text\">\n                    Tu es dans tous tes \u00e9tats avant le bac ? Heureusement pour toi, on t\u2019a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 une fiche (&#8230;)\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/a>\n                    <div class=\"article-card-vertical__tags\">\n\n                <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/bac\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Bac<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/fiche-revision\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Fiche de r\u00e9vision<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/politique\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Politique<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/terminale\/\" class=\"article-card-vertical__tag badge\">Terminale<\/a>            <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n\n\n\n                    <\/div>\n\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quels sont les bienfaits et les limites de l\u2019optimisme ? \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis toujours, <strong>l\u2019optimisme a des effets psychologiques et physiques<\/strong> particuliers sur les \u00eatres humains. Quels sont-ils ? Ont-ils des limites ? Voyons \u00e7a ensemble !\u200b \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un \u00e9tat d\u2019esprit aux bienfaits multiples \u2705<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc L\u2019optimisme est associ\u00e9 \u00e0 une meilleure <a href=\"https:\/\/www.passeportsante.net\/fr\/Actualites\/Dossiers\/DossierComplexe.aspx?doc=bienfaits-optimisme-sante-psychologique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">sant\u00e9 cardiovasculaire<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc Adopter une disposition positive peut t\u2019aider \u00e0 att\u00e9nuer ton stress.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc L\u2019optimisme peut renforcer ta motivation et ta pers\u00e9v\u00e9rance.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc Une perspective positive stimule ta cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9 et ta productivit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mais qui poss\u00e8de des limites \u274c<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udccc Un exc\u00e8s d&rsquo;optimisme peut t\u2019amener \u00e0 minimiser des risques potentiels.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc Il peut aussi entra\u00eener un d\u00e9ni des probl\u00e8mes r\u00e9els.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc Des attentes trop optimistes peuvent te conduire \u00e0 des d\u00e9ceptions importantes.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccc Un optimisme d\u00e9mesur\u00e9 peut \u00eatre per\u00e7u comme irrationnel par les autres.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu peux le voir, cette notion philosophique regroupe plusieurs concepts. On esp\u00e8re que tu les as compris \u00e0 travers cette fiche de philo, et on te dit \u00e0 bient\u00f4t !\u200b \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;268442&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;7&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.4&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.4\\\/5 - (7 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fiche de cours : l\u2019optimisme en philosophie !\u200b \u200b\ud83d\ude0a&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;125.1&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 125.1px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.4\/5 - (7 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00ab L\u2019optimisme, c\u2019est voir la vie en rose. \u00bb Ok, c\u2019est un d\u00e9but, mais cette d\u00e9finition ne passera (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":329,"featured_media":268482,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,804],"tag":[317,322,79],"class_list":["post-268442","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-philosophie-2","tag-bac","tag-confiance-en-soi","tag-lycee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268442","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/329"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268442"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268442\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268482"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268442"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=268442"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=268442"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}