{"id":268396,"date":"2026-06-05T16:42:11","date_gmt":"2026-06-05T14:42:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=268396"},"modified":"2026-06-09T10:09:44","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T08:09:44","slug":"voltaire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/voltaire\/","title":{"rendered":"Voltaire : l\u2019esprit \u00e9clair\u00e9 des Lumi\u00e8res \ud83d\udca1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Connais-tu Voltaire, une des figures les plus embl\u00e9matiques <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/philosophes-lumieres\/\">du si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res<\/a>\u202f? Eh bien, tu es au bon endroit. Ensemble, nous allons te faire d\u00e9couvrir <strong>la vie et les id\u00e9es de ce philosophe qui a su marquer son \u00e9poque<\/strong>. \u270d\ufe0f Tu es pr\u00eat \u00e0 partir\u202f? On y va !\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/NGSbD5vI6lUvC\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un train \u00e0 charbon avance et un homme est assis pr\u00e8s des roues.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em> En route !<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p class=\"p1\">Petit r\u00e9cap\u2019 des familles <span class=\"s1\">\ud83d\udccb<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li class=\"p1\">\u2705 Voltaire \u00e9tait un esprit \u00e9clair\u00e9 du si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res, connu pour sa critique sociale et son engagement en faveur de la libert\u00e9 et de la justice.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">\u2705 Sa vie tumultueuse, ses voyages, ses rencontres influentes et ses \u00e9crits vari\u00e9s ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 son h\u00e9ritage et ont marqu\u00e9 son \u00e9poque de mani\u00e8re ind\u00e9l\u00e9bile.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\">\u2705 Ses id\u00e9es ont influenc\u00e9 la pens\u00e9e et la litt\u00e9raire du 18\u1d49 si\u00e8cle et ont contribu\u00e9 aux mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires qui se sont d\u00e9roul\u00e9s par la suite.<\/li>\n<li class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\u2705<\/span> Il a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner les fondements des d\u00e9mocraties modernes et demeure une figure incontournable de la pens\u00e9e humaniste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de nous lancer dans ce portrait, saches que si tu as des difficult\u00e9s en philosophie, tu peux t\u2019approcher d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/philosophie\">un prof particulier de philosophie<\/a> pour t\u2019aider !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-vie-de-voltaire\">La vie de Voltaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voltaire, de son vrai nom<strong> Fran\u00e7ois-Marie Arouet<\/strong>, est n\u00e9<strong> le 21 novembre 1964, \u00e0 Paris<\/strong>. Il est <strong>le petit dernier fils d\u2019un notaire parisien<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant ses ann\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9ducation, le jeune gar\u00e7on a \u00e9tudi\u00e9 <strong>chez<\/strong> <strong>les J\u00e9suites au coll\u00e8ge Louis-le-Grand<\/strong>, o\u00f9 il a d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 son amour pour<strong>la litt\u00e9rature et la philosophie.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/8vXtq06Ag6xgvzPg03\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un homme dit \u00ab j'adore les livres \u00bb en anglais.\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Il ne s\u2019est pas content\u00e9 de rester les yeux riv\u00e9s sur les livres ! Il \u00e9tait \u00e9galement connu pour<strong> son esprit espi\u00e8gle<\/strong> et <strong>son talent pour la satire<\/strong>, ce qui lui a valu quelques ennuis avec les autorit\u00e9s. \u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>La satire<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>C\u2019est une \u0153uvre qui critique la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-debuts-litteraires-et-les-premiers-succes\">Les d\u00e9buts litt\u00e9raires et les premiers succ\u00e8s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois ses \u00e9tudes termin\u00e9es et contre l\u2019avis de son p\u00e8re, Voltaire a d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de se consacrer \u00e0 sa passion pour l\u2019\u00e9criture. \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il fr\u00e9quente<strong> les salons litt\u00e9raires et la haute soci\u00e9t\u00e9 parisienne<\/strong>. <strong>C\u2019est en 1717<\/strong> qu\u2019il prend le nom de Voltaire, <strong>une anagramme de son nom :<\/strong> AROVET LJ (Le Jeune) \u2013&nbsp; le \u00ab&nbsp;U \u00bb&nbsp;et le \u00ab&nbsp;V \u00bb, le \u00ab&nbsp;J \u00bb et le \u00ab I \u00bb se confondaient \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son talent pour l\u2019\u00e9criture,<strong>Voltaire parcourt pratiquement tous les genres :<\/strong> la com\u00e9die, la trag\u00e9die (avec sa premi\u00e8re pi\u00e8ce <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-mythe-doedipe\/\">\u0152dipe<\/a>), <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/pamphlet\/\">le pamphlet<\/a>, le journalisme, le conte philosophique (<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/candide-voltaire-resume\/\">Candide<\/a> ou l\u2019Optimisme), l\u2019ouvrage historique, le discours, la critique litt\u00e9raire\u2026 <strong>Il devient vite une figure incontournable de la sc\u00e8ne litt\u00e9raire. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-voyages-et-les-rencontres-influentes\">Les voyages et les rencontres influentes<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le philosophe ne s\u2019est pas content\u00e9 des salons litt\u00e9raires. <strong>Il \u00e9tait avide de d\u00e9couvertes et de nouvelles exp\u00e9riences. <\/strong>Il a entrepris <strong>de nombreux voyages \u00e0 travers l\u2019Europe<\/strong>, o\u00f9 il a rencontr\u00e9 <strong>des personnalit\u00e9s influentes comme <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/isaac-newton\/\"><strong>Isaac Newton<\/strong><\/a><strong>ou encore <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rousseau\/\">Jean-Jacques Rousseau.<\/a> \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il rencontra m\u00eame<strong> Catherine II de Russie<\/strong> et fut invit\u00e9 par <strong>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric II de Prusse<\/strong> dans son pays. Ces rencontres ont nourri <strong>son esprit curieux et ont fa\u00e7onn\u00e9 sa pens\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-engagements-politiques\">Les engagements politiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Voltaire \u00e9tait bien plus qu\u2019un \u00e9crivain. Il \u00e9tait un homme engag\u00e9, politiquement pr\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre ses id\u00e9es. Il critique ouvertement<strong> les abus de pouvoir<\/strong> et <strong>l\u2019intol\u00e9rance religieuse<\/strong>. Ses prises de position audacieuses lui ont valu <strong>des ennuis avec les autorit\u00e9s, m\u00eame parfois \u00e0 tort<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Notamment, il a \u00e9t\u00e9 envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 la prison de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/prise-de-la-bastille\/\">la Bastille<\/a><\/strong> en 1717 pendant onze mois, accus\u00e9 \u00e0 tort d\u2019avoir<strong>r\u00e9dig\u00e9 des pamphlets<\/strong> contre le r\u00e9gent <strong>Philippe III d\u2019Orl\u00e9ans<\/strong>, fils du fr\u00e8re cadet du roi <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-xiv\/\">Louis XIV<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est de nouveau envoy\u00e9 \u00e0 la Bastille suite <strong>\u00e0 une altercation avec le Chevalier de Rohan<\/strong>\u2026 Mais est lib\u00e9r\u00e9 <strong>contre la promesse de s&rsquo;exiler en Angleterre<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddf3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est en Angleterre qu\u2019il va d\u00e9couvrir<strong> la grande libert\u00e9 d\u2019opinion des Anglais<\/strong>. Voltaire va d\u00e9velopper le v\u0153u de tout faire <strong>pour r\u00e9former la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>. Il compare <strong>cette derni\u00e8re \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 anglaise <\/strong>dans son livre <strong>\u00ab les Lettres philosophiques \u00bb<\/strong> aussi appel\u00e9 \u00ab les Lettres anglaises \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu as un aper\u00e7u de la vie mouvement\u00e9e de Voltaire, <strong>de ses d\u00e9buts prometteurs \u00e0 ses engagements politiques<\/strong>. Nous poursuivons cet article avec les id\u00e9es qu\u2019il d\u00e9fend. Pr\u00eat ?<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/litterature\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res en litt\u00e9rature ? Trouve ton prof pour t&rsquo;aider chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-idees-philosophiques-de-voltaire\">Les id\u00e9es philosophiques de Voltaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Nous l\u2019avons dit, c\u2019est un fervent d\u00e9fenseur de la libert\u00e9 et de la justice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-lutte-contre-lintolerance-et-linjustice\">La lutte contre l\u2019intol\u00e9rance et l\u2019injustice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans sa lutte, notre philosophe n\u2019h\u00e9sitait pas<strong>\u00e0 critiquer l\u2019\u00c9glise et le fanatisme religieux<\/strong> qui r\u00e9gnaient \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. Voltaire croyait en une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 o\u00f9 <strong>chacun pouvait pratiquer sa religion librement sans \u00eatre pers\u00e9cut\u00e9 pour ses croyances<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son exil en Angleterre, il \u00e9tait un grand d\u00e9fenseur de la libert\u00e9 de pens\u00e9e et d\u2019expression. Le philosophe s\u2019est battu pour que <strong>chacun puisse exprimer ses id\u00e9es sans craindre la censure ou les repr\u00e9sailles.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Je ne suis pas d\u2019accord avec ce que vous dites, mais je me battrai jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la mort pour que vous ayez le droit de le dire.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Voltaire<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-promotion-de-la-raison-et-de-la-science\">La promotion de la raison et de la science<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Voltaire \u00e9tait convaincu que <strong>la raison et la science \u00e9taient les cl\u00e9s du progr\u00e8s humain<\/strong>. Il s\u2019est oppos\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>l\u2019obscurantisme<\/strong> qui entravait la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de son temps. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>L\u2019obscurantisme \ud83d\udd73\ufe0f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>C\u2019est un concept qui vise \u00e0 maintenir les individus dans l\u2019ignorance, \u00e0 entraver la diffusion des connaissances ou \u00e0 s\u2019opposer au progr\u00e8s intellectuel.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le philosophe voulait que <strong>les personnes remettent en question les r\u00e8gles \u00e9tablies<\/strong> et se tournent vers la raison plut\u00f4t que<strong> de croire \u00e0 des croyances et des id\u00e9es irrationnelles<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour Voltaire, <strong>l\u2019\u00e9ducation et la diffusion des connaissances \u00e9taient des piliers essentiels de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>. Il croyait fermement que <strong>l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation devait \u00eatre ouvert \u00e0 tous, ind\u00e9pendamment de leur statut social<\/strong>. \ud83c\udfeb<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\ud83e\udd1d<\/span> Le savais-tu ? Un combat partag\u00e9 avec Rabelais !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p class=\"p1\">Cette lutte acharn\u00e9e contre l\u2019ignorance et pour l\u2019acc\u00e8s au savoir ne date pas d\u2019hier. Deux si\u00e8cles avant Voltaire, un autre monstre sacr\u00e9 de la litt\u00e9rature menait exactement le m\u00eame combat : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rabelais\/\"><b>Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais<\/b><\/a>. Cet illustre auteur de la Renaissance \u00e9tait lui aussi un amoureux absolu de la connaissance. \u00c0 travers ses g\u00e9ants Gargantua et Pantagruel \u00e0 l&rsquo;app\u00e9tit insatiable, Rabelais pr\u00f4nait d\u00e9j\u00e0 une \u00e9ducation compl\u00e8te et l&rsquo;usage de la raison pour s&rsquo;\u00e9manciper des dogmes trop stricts de son \u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Il souhaitait que<strong> les personnes puissent s\u2019\u00e9panouir intellectuellement <\/strong>et<strong> contribuer au progr\u00e8s de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcaa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le philosophe s\u2019est aussi tourn\u00e9 vers les in\u00e9galit\u00e9s et la justice sociale pour rendre son monde plus juste.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"voltaire-et-la-lutte-pour-la-justice-sociale\">Voltaire et la lutte pour la justice sociale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir critiqu\u00e9 l\u2019\u00c9glise, Voltaire s\u2019en est pris \u00e0 la royaut\u00e9. \ud83d\udc51<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-denonciation-des-inegalites\">La d\u00e9nonciation des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il \u00e9tait farouchement oppos\u00e9 aux in\u00e9galit\u00e9s. Il critique ouvertement <strong>la monarchie absolue et les privil\u00e8ges de la noblesse<\/strong>, remettant en cause <strong>un syst\u00e8me qui accordait des droits et des privil\u00e8ges bas\u00e9s sur la naissance plut\u00f4t que sur le m\u00e9rite<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus de cela, Voltaire a plaid\u00e9 pour la tol\u00e9rance et l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 devant la loi. Il croyait en un syst\u00e8me juridique juste et \u00e9quitable, o\u00f9 <strong>chaque individu serait trait\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re \u00e9quitable, ind\u00e9pendamment de sa religion, de son origine sociale ou de son statut. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\ud83d\udcda<\/span> Du Si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res aux <i>Mis\u00e9rables<\/i><i><\/i><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p class=\"p1\">Cette qu\u00eate d&rsquo;un syst\u00e8me plus juste et cette r\u00e9volte contre les privil\u00e8ges de naissance annoncent d\u00e9j\u00e0 les grands combats litt\u00e9raires du si\u00e8cle suivant. Impossible de ne pas penser \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/victor-hugo\/\"><strong>Victor Hugo<\/strong><\/a> qui, dans son chef-d&rsquo;\u0153uvre <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/miserables-victor-hugo\/\"><i>Les Mis\u00e9rables<\/i>,<\/a><\/strong> reprendra ce m\u00eame flambeau de la justice sociale. \u00c0 travers les destins de Jean Valjean, Fantine ou les rudes \u00e9preuves de Cosette, Hugo d\u00e9nonce lui aussi avec force les failles d&rsquo;une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 qui broie les plus faibles et refuse de leur donner leur chance. De Voltaire \u00e0 Hugo, la litt\u00e9rature s&rsquo;impose d\u00e9finitivement comme l&rsquo;arme num\u00e9ro un pour d\u00e9fendre les droits de chacun !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a d\u00e9nonc\u00e9 <strong>les discriminations et les injustices qui \u00e9taient monnaie courante \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque<\/strong>, et a appel\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 plus juste et \u00e9galitaire<\/strong>.\u00a0 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019affaire Calas est un exemple de la justice de l\u2019\u00e9poque de Voltaire. \ud83d\udcdc<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>L\u2019affaire Calas <strong>\u2696\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>En 1761, Jean Calas, un commer\u00e7ant protestant, a \u00e9t\u00e9 ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 \u00e0 Toulouse apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 <strong>accus\u00e9 \u00e0 tort d\u2019avoir assassin\u00e9 son propre fils, Marc-Antoine Calas, qui s\u2019\u00e9tait converti au catholicisme.<\/strong> <strong>On \u00e9tait alors dans un climat tendu entre catholique et protestant.\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Voltaire s\u2019est fortement impliqu\u00e9 dans la d\u00e9fense de Calas, consid\u00e9rant <strong>qu\u2019il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9 de mani\u00e8re injuste en raison de sa religion.<\/strong> Le philosophe a \u00e9crit de nombreux pamphlets et lettres<strong> pour d\u00e9noncer cette injustice et a contribu\u00e9 \u00e0 la r\u00e9vision de son proc\u00e8s.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Finalement, en 1765, <strong>la Cour supr\u00eame de Paris a annul\u00e9 la condamnation de Jean Calas, reconnaissant l\u2019erreur judiciaire.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lengagement-en-faveur-des-opprimes-et-des-victimes-dinjustice\">L\u2019engagement en faveur des opprim\u00e9s et des victimes d\u2019injustice<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Voltaire s\u2019engageait activement <strong>en faveur des opprim\u00e9s et des victimes d\u2019injustice<\/strong>. Il a lutt\u00e9 contre l\u2019esclavagisme, d\u00e9non\u00e7ant <strong>cette pratique totalement inhumaine<\/strong> et plaidant <strong>pour la libert\u00e9 des individus<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a \u00e9galement d\u00e9fendu<strong>les droits des peuples colonis\u00e9s<\/strong>, remettant en question <strong>la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019exploitation et de la domination des nations europ\u00e9ennes sur les territoires colonis\u00e9s<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En outre, le philosophe a consid\u00e9r\u00e9 que <strong>la torture et la peine de mort \u00e9taient des pratiques barbares et contraires \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 humaine. <\/strong>Avec sa plume, il a cherch\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>sensibiliser l\u2019opinion publique et pour plaider en faveur de l\u2019abolition de ces ch\u00e2timents cruels. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">\ud83c\udfac<\/span> Le savais-tu ? Un combat prolong\u00e9 par Victor Hugo<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p class=\"p1\">Ce r\u00e9quisitoire contre la barbarie des ch\u00e2timents a trouv\u00e9 un \u00e9cho retentissant quelques d\u00e9cennies plus tard. En 1829, Victor Hugo publie <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-dernier-jour-dun-condamne-resume\/\"><strong><i>Le Dernier Jour d\u2019un condamn\u00e9<\/i><\/strong>,<\/a> un roman poignant \u00e9crit pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment pour lutter contre la peine de mort. En nous plongeant directement dans les pens\u00e9es et l&rsquo;angoisse d&rsquo;un homme \u00e0 qui il ne reste que quelques heures \u00e0 vivre, Hugo concr\u00e9tise par la fiction ce que Voltaire d\u00e9fendait avec ses essais philosophiques : l&rsquo;id\u00e9e que la peine capitale est une cruaut\u00e9 inutile et contraire \u00e0 la dignit\u00e9 humaine. Deux auteurs, deux \u00e9poques, mais une seule et m\u00eame voix contre l&rsquo;\u00e9chafaud !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris, Voltaire a eu <strong>de grandes id\u00e9es pour r\u00e9former au mieux la France<\/strong>. Son h\u00e9ritage, lui, va servir \u00e0 <strong>certains r\u00e9volutionnaires fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lheritage-de-voltaire\">L\u2019h\u00e9ritage de Voltaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec ses id\u00e9es, nouvelles pour l\u2019\u00e9poque, <strong>Voltaire a su marquer son temps<\/strong>. \u23f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linfluence-sur-la-pensee-et-la-litterature-du-18%e1%b5%89-siecle\">L\u2019influence sur la pens\u00e9e et la litt\u00e9rature du 18\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On te l\u2019a dit, le philosophe a utilis\u00e9 sa plume et ses \u00e9crits pour<strong> d\u00e9noncer les injustices et les abus de pouvoir<\/strong>. Ses \u0153uvres les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres, comme \u00ab Candide \u00bb et \u00ab Lettres philosophiques \u00bb continuent de susciter des d\u00e9bats et influencent de nombreux penseurs des Lumi\u00e8res comme <strong>Jean-Jacques Rousseau <\/strong>et<strong> Denis Diderot<\/strong>.&nbsp; \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"limpact-sur-les-mouvements-revolutionnaires-et-les-idees-democratiques\">L\u2019impact sur les mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires et les id\u00e9es d\u00e9mocratiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019influence de Voltaire ne s\u2019est pas limit\u00e9e \u00e0 la sph\u00e8re litt\u00e9raire. Ses id\u00e9es ont \u00e9galement jou\u00e9 <strong>un r\u00f4le crucial dans les mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires<\/strong> et<strong> les id\u00e9es d\u00e9mocratiques<\/strong> qui ont \u00e9merg\u00e9 lors de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/dates-revolution-francaise\/\">la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/a> en 1789. \ud83e\udea7<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/TJUkl9Vi1KIDomk6ri\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Des personnes font face aux soldats.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les r\u00e9volutionnaires fran\u00e7ais !<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ses critiques de l\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9 et de l\u2019intol\u00e9rance ont <strong>inspir\u00e9 les r\u00e9volutionnaires fran\u00e7ais<\/strong> et ont contribu\u00e9, comme le souhaitait Voltaire, \u00e0 <strong>la remise en question des structures sociales et politiques de l\u2019\u00e9poque<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les id\u00e9es du philosophe, telles que la s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs, la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et la tol\u00e9rance religieuse, sont devenues des piliers des d\u00e9mocraties modernes. \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-posterite-de-voltaire-dans-la-culture-et-la-philosophie-contemporaine\">La post\u00e9rit\u00e9 de Voltaire dans la culture et la philosophie contemporaine&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Jouissant d\u2019une grande popularit\u00e9 \u00e0 la fin de sa vie, Voltaire s\u2019est \u00e9teint le 30 mai 1778 \u00e0 Paris. <\/strong>Treize ans apr\u00e8s sa mort, le 11 juillet 1791, <strong>sa d\u00e9pouille est transf\u00e9r\u00e9e au Panth\u00e9on.<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019h\u00e9ritage du philosophe ne s\u2019est pas \u00e9teint apr\u00e8s la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise. Il a ouvert la voie \u00e0 <strong>une pens\u00e9e libre et ind\u00e9pendante<\/strong>, encourageant les individus<strong> \u00e0 remettre en question les dogmes \u00e9tablis et \u00e0 rechercher la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 par eux-m\u00eames. \ud83e\udd14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/777Aby0ZetYE8\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Winnie se tapote la t\u00eate et dit \u00ab\u00a0Pense, pense, pense \u00bb en anglais. \"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Son plaidoyer pour la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et la tol\u00e9rance continue d\u2019inspirer ceux qui luttent pour les droits de l\u2019homme. <\/strong>\ud83d\udce3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On esp\u00e8re que ce portrait sur Voltaire t&rsquo;a plu et aid\u00e9 \u00e0 comprendre. Si tu as du mal \u00e0 comprendre certains points, prends <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/philosophie\/online\">des cours de philosophie en ligne<\/a> pour t\u2019aider. On te revoit tr\u00e8s vite ! \ud83d\udc4b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h6 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"image-mise-en-avant-musee-carnavalet-histoire-de-paris\"><em>Image mise en avant \u2013 \u00a9 <\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/garystockbridge617.getarchive.net\/amp\/media\/portrait-de-voltaire-1694-1778-en-1718-bede8f\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Mus\u00e9e Carnavalet &#8211; Histoire de Paris<\/em><\/a><\/h6>\n\n\n<section class=\"faq\">\n    <div class=\"container\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n        <div class=\"faq__title\">\n                        <h2 id=\"%e2%81%89-faq\">\u2049\ufe0f FAQ <\/h2>\n                    <\/div>\n         <div class=\"faq__questions\">\n                                                                             <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">S&rsquo;il critiquait l&rsquo;\u00c9glise, est-ce que Voltaire \u00e9tait ath\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">Pas du tout, et c&rsquo;est un pi\u00e8ge classique au bac ! Voltaire \u00e9tait <b>d\u00e9iste<\/b>. Il croyait en l&rsquo;existence d&rsquo;un Dieu cr\u00e9ateur de l&rsquo;univers, qu&rsquo;il appelait po\u00e9tiquement le <b>\u201cGrand Horloger\u201d<\/b>. Pour lui, l&rsquo;univers est une m\u00e9canique tellement parfaite qu&rsquo;il y a forc\u00e9ment quelqu&rsquo;un qui a fabriqu\u00e9 la montre. En revanche, il refusait les dogmes, les miracles et l&rsquo;autorit\u00e9 des pr\u00eatres.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Est-ce qu&rsquo;il s&rsquo;entendait bien avec Jean-Jacques Rousseau ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">A\u00efe, sujet sensible&#8230; Au d\u00e9but, ils se respectaient, mais c&rsquo;est vite devenu le clash le plus l\u00e9gendaire de l&rsquo;histoire de la philosophie ! <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rousseau\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Rousseau<\/span><\/a> <\/strong>pensait que la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et les sciences corrompaient l&rsquo;Homme, qui \u00e9tait bon \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de nature. Voltaire, grand amoureux du progr\u00e8s et du luxe parisien, lui a r\u00e9pondu par lettre : <i>\u201cOn n&rsquo;a jamais employ\u00e9 tant d&rsquo;esprit \u00e0 vouloir nous rendre b\u00eates ; il prend envie de marcher \u00e0 quatre pattes quand on lit votre ouvrage\u201d<\/i>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Pourquoi a-t-il choisi d&rsquo;\u00e9crire des \u00ab\u00a0contes\u00a0\u00bb comme Candide pour faire de la philo ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">Parce que Voltaire savait que pour faire passer un message, rien ne vaut une bonne histoire ! Au XVIII\u1d49 si\u00e8cle, un trait\u00e9 de philosophie s\u00e9rieux de 500 pages n&rsquo;\u00e9tait lu que par une poign\u00e9e d&rsquo;\u00e9rudits. En \u00e9crivant des contes courts, rythm\u00e9s, dr\u00f4les et ironiques, il s&rsquo;assurait d&rsquo;\u00eatre lu par toute la haute soci\u00e9t\u00e9. C\u2019est de la vulgarisation philosophique avant l&rsquo;heure !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Voltaire faisait-il parti des Lumi\u00e8res ?\u00a0<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">Voltaire n&rsquo;en faisait pas seulement partie, il en \u00e9tait l&rsquo;une des figures de proue absolues. Avec sa plume ac\u00e9r\u00e9e, ses combats contre l\u2019injustice et son obsession pour la tol\u00e9rance, il a incarn\u00e9 \u00e0 lui seul <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/l-esprit-des-lumieres\/\"><span class=\"s1\">\u00a0<strong>\u201cl&rsquo;esprit des Lumi\u00e8res\u201d<\/strong><\/span><\/a><strong>.<\/strong> C&rsquo;est simple : parler de ce mouvement sans mentionner Voltaire, c&rsquo;est comme parler de football sans mentionner le ballon ! <span class=\"s2\">\u26bd<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Qu\u2019est-ce que les Lumi\u00e8res ?\u00a0<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">C\u2019est le grand mouvement intellectuel, culturel et philosophique qui a secou\u00e9 l\u2019Europe au XVIII\u1d49 si\u00e8cle. Son but ? \u00c9clairer l\u2019esprit des gens gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la raison et \u00e0 la science, pour chasser les \u00ab t\u00e9n\u00e8bres \u00bb de l\u2019ignorance, des superstitions et de l&rsquo;injustice. Voltaire, Rousseau, Diderot&#8230; Ils faisaient tous partie de cette \u00e9quipe de choc ! Si tu veux creuser le sujet et briller dans tes copies, fonce lire notre article super complet sur<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/philosophes-lumieres\/\"> <span class=\"s1\">les philosophes des Lumi\u00e8res<\/span><\/a>. <span class=\"s2\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Quand a eu lieu la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">Elle a d\u00e9but\u00e9 en <b>1789<\/b> (avec la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre prise de la Bastille le 14 juillet) et s&rsquo;est termin\u00e9e en 1799 avec le coup d&rsquo;\u00c9tat de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/portrait-de-napoleon\/\"><span class=\"s1\">Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte<\/span><\/a><\/strong>. C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nement majeur qui a mis fin \u00e0 la monarchie absolue et aux privil\u00e8ges de la noblesse en France, concr\u00e9tisant ainsi dans la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 de nombreuses id\u00e9es pour lesquelles Voltaire s&rsquo;\u00e9tait battu toute sa vie, comme la D\u00e9claration des droits de l&rsquo;homme et du citoyen ! <span class=\"s2\">\ud83e\udea7<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Comment Les Sherpas peuvent-ils m&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser en philo et en fran\u00e7ais ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">En plus de nos fiches de r\u00e9vision et de nos portraits d&rsquo;auteurs sur le blog, Les Sherpas c&rsquo;est une plateforme de <b>cours particuliers<\/b> avec des profs exceptionnels issus des meilleures \u00e9coles. Que tu gal\u00e8res \u00e0 structurer une dissertation de philo, \u00e0 r\u00e9diger un commentaire de texte pour le bac de fran\u00e7ais ou que tu veuilles simplement faire d\u00e9coller ta moyenne, un Sherpa t&rsquo;accompagne \u00e0 ton rythme et te redonne confiance. Cerise sur le g\u00e2teau : le premier cours est offert !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">C&rsquo;est quoi l\u2019optimisme\u00a0 que Voltaire critique tant dans Candide ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p class=\"p1\">C&rsquo;est une th\u00e9orie philosophique de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque (notamment port\u00e9e par un certain Leibniz) qui disait que, puisque Dieu est parfait, il a forc\u00e9ment cr\u00e9\u00e9 \u201cle meilleur des mondes possibles\u201d et que chaque malheur a une bonne raison d&rsquo;exister. Apr\u00e8s avoir vu des guerres et le terrible s\u00e9isme de Lisbonne, Voltaire a trouv\u00e9 cette id\u00e9e absurde. Dans <i>Candide<\/i>, il tourne cette philosophie en d\u00e9rision \u00e0 travers le personnage de Pangloss, qui trouve des excuses ridicules \u00e0 toutes les catastrophes mondiales.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;268396&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.6&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.6\\\/5 - (5 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Voltaire : l\u2019esprit \u00e9clair\u00e9 des Lumi\u00e8res \ud83d\udca1&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;101.9&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 101.9px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.6\/5 - (5 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Connais-tu Voltaire, une des figures les plus embl\u00e9matiques du si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res\u202f? Eh bien, tu es au bon (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":159,"featured_media":268398,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,806,804],"tag":[358,781],"class_list":["post-268396","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-lettres","category-philosophie-2","tag-france","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268396","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/159"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=268396"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/268396\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/268398"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=268396"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=268396"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=268396"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}