{"id":267765,"date":"2023-11-22T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-22T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=267765"},"modified":"2023-12-08T07:25:49","modified_gmt":"2023-12-08T06:25:49","slug":"plaque-tectonique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/plaque-tectonique\/","title":{"rendered":"L&rsquo;explication de la plaque tectonique \ud83c\udf0b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tu es perdu en cours de SVT ? Tu ne comprends rien \u00e0 <strong>la tectonique des plaques <\/strong>? Tu veux approfondir tes connaissances ? Alors pas de panique ! La <em>team<\/em> Sherpas te sort sa meilleure <strong>le\u00e7on sur la plaque tectonique<\/strong>. Alors tu es <em>ready<\/em> ? C\u2019est tipar ! \u2728<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/fwVRmyFQPCvHyXEEoM\/giphy-downsized-large.gif\" alt=\"Policier qui s'\u00e9clate au sol\" style=\"width:270px;height:auto\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Petit lexique scientifique \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le monde scientifique poss\u00e8de un vocabulaire qui lui est propre<\/strong>. Pour cette raison, <strong>on te propose un petit lexique r\u00e9unissant les termes sp\u00e9cifiques<\/strong> que tu croiseras tout au long de cet article !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0a\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la<\/span><b> couche externe de la lithosph\u00e8re terrestre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> situ\u00e9e <\/span><b>sous les oc\u00e9ans<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u26f0\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Cro\u00fbte continentale<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche externe de la lithosph\u00e8re terrestre<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> situ\u00e9e <\/span><b>sous les continents<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udde5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Manteau lithosph\u00e9rique <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche terrestre situ\u00e9e entre la cro\u00fbte continentale ou oc\u00e9anique, et le manteau asth\u00e9nosph\u00e9rique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. C\u2019est aussi <\/span><b>la partie la plus haute du manteau sup\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd54\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Lithosph\u00e8re<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche terrestre compos\u00e9e de la cro\u00fbte continentale ou oc\u00e9anique, et du manteau lithosph\u00e9rique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0b\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Plaque tectonique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est en r\u00e9alit\u00e9<\/span><b> la lithosph\u00e8re qui s\u2019est fractur\u00e9e en plaques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Une plaque peut comporter de la lithosph\u00e8re oc\u00e9anique et continentale, ou seulement de la lithosph\u00e8re oc\u00e9anique, comme la plaque du Pacifique !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une question de vitesse \ud83d\udc0e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les plaques se d\u00e9placent tr\u00e8s lentement, c\u2019est une question de quelques millim\u00e8tres par an. De ce fait, on ne s\u2019en rend pas compte !\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udde5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Manteau asth\u00e9nosph\u00e9rique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche terrestre situ\u00e9e entre le manteau lithosph\u00e9rique et le manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. C\u2019est aussi <\/span><b>la partie la moins haute du manteau sup\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. On l\u2019appelle plus commun\u00e9ment <\/span><b>asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udde5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Manteau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche terrestre situ\u00e9e entre la cro\u00fbte continentale ou oc\u00e9anique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">,<\/span><b> et le noyau sup\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Elle est <\/span><b>compos\u00e9e du manteau sup\u00e9rieur et du manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udde5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Manteau sup\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la<\/span><b> couche situ\u00e9e entre la cro\u00fbte continentale ou oc\u00e9anique, et le manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Elle est<\/span><b> compos\u00e9e du manteau lithosph\u00e9rique et du manteau asth\u00e9nosph\u00e9rique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u231b\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Ductile<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : se dit d\u2019une <\/span><b>mati\u00e8re pouvant se d\u00e9former de mani\u00e8re significative<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> sans pour autant rompre. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf51\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Noyau <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: c\u2019est la <\/span><b>couche terrestre situ\u00e9e le plus en profondeur, en dessous du manteau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Elle est <\/span><b>compos\u00e9e du noyau externe et du noyau interne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Moho<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : autrement appel\u00e9e discontinuit\u00e9 de Mohorovi\u010di\u0107, c\u2019est la <\/span><b>limite entre la cro\u00fbte continentale ou oc\u00e9anique, et le manteau sup\u00e9rieur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49 \">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Discontinuit\u00e9 de Gutenberg<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la<\/span><b> limite entre le manteau terrestre et le noyau externe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Discontinuit\u00e9 de Lehmann<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <\/span><b>limite entre le noyau externe et interne<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc4d\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Continent<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est la <strong>zone \u00e9merg\u00e9e et form\u00e9e par la cro\u00fbte continentale<\/strong>. Il se d\u00e9place en m\u00eame temps que la lithosph\u00e8re continentale sur laquelle il se trouve. Tout d\u00e9pend de la plaque !<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc4d\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Oc\u00e9an<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est <strong>l\u2019\u00e9tendue d\u2019eau se trouvant sur la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique<\/strong>. Il s\u2019ouvre ou se referme en m\u00eame temps que la lithosph\u00e8re oc\u00e9anique sur laquelle il se trouve. Tout d\u00e9pend aussi de la plaque ! <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd88\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Dorsale oc\u00e9anique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est une<\/span><b> formation g\u00e9ologique sur le sol marin<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, <\/span><b>caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par une forme de cr\u00eate et une remont\u00e9e de magma provenant du manteau<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Le magma refroidi se solidifie et <\/span><b>contribue \u00e0 une expansion de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique.<\/b><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0a\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Fosse oc\u00e9anique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est une zone de d\u00e9pression au fond de l\u2019oc\u00e9an, traduisant souvent la pr\u00e9sence d\u2019une zone de subduction, o\u00f9 une plaque s\u2019enfonce sous l\u2019autre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0b\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Zone de subduction<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est une zone o\u00f9 une plaque tectonique s\u2019enfonce sous une autre plaque qui est moins dense. G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement, c\u2019est la lithosph\u00e8re oc\u00e9anique qui est la plus dense !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un peu plus de g\u00e9o \ud83e\uddd0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Si deux plaques de lithosph\u00e8re oc\u00e9aniques se rencontrent, c\u2019est la plus ancienne qui est la plus dense.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0b\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Volcan et montagne <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: ce sont des formations g\u00e9ologiques dues \u00e0 la zone de subduction. En effet, la plaque la moins dense remonte et se d\u00e9forme \u00e0 cause de la collision, pouvant former des cha\u00eenes de montagnes, comme celle de l&rsquo;himalaya ! \u26f0\ufe0f<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Mais encore ? \ud83d\udd0d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ces d\u00e9formations sont aussi bien oc\u00e9aniques que terrestres.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf0a\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Faille transformante<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : c\u2019est une zone o\u00f9 les plaques se frottent, cr\u00e9ant ainsi des irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9s au niveau de la cro\u00fbte, comme la faille de San Andreas. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/2c00q8Am8Cc8VZkJ2i\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mec disant qu'il se sent nerveux\" style=\"width:420px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Quand il fait un peu trop chaud sur ta montagne<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u2019est quoi, une plaque tectonique ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En vrai, <strong>une plaque tectonique, ce n\u2019est pas si simple<\/strong>. En effet, que ce soit au niveau de son histoire ou de sa formation, cette derni\u00e8re peut se montrer complexe. Mais tranquille, on voit \u00e7a tout de suite. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une histoire mouvement\u00e9e \ud83e\udd28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs si\u00e8cles auparavant, on bouffait <strong>la th\u00e9orie du fixisme<\/strong> \u00e0 la pelle. <strong>Cette conception implique que la faune, la flore et plus globalement la terre n\u2019\u00e9voluent pas<\/strong>, <strong>sauf en cas de tr\u00e8s grande catastrophe naturelle<\/strong>. Sinon, \u00e7a reste fixe, quoi.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019as compris, on peut y sous-entendre une intervention divine, ce qui fait du fixisme un concept<strong> parfois li\u00e9 au cr\u00e9ationnisme<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C\u2019est quoi, le cr\u00e9ationnisme ? \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En opposition au <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/darwinisme\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">darwinisme<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, le cr\u00e9ationnisme est l\u2019id\u00e9e que le monde a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 par Dieu.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Du coup, quand <strong>le cartographe Abraham Ortelius \u00e9crit,<\/strong> dans son ouvrage <em>Thesaurus geographicus,<\/em> <strong>que les c\u00f4tes am\u00e9ricaines et africaines semblent se compl\u00e9ter,<\/strong> bien on ne s\u2019y int\u00e9resse pas trop.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus, il y \u00e9met l&rsquo;hypoth\u00e8se de continents autrefois r\u00e9unis. Et pour \u00e9crire \u00e7a en 1596, il faut du toupet. \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 tout, suite \u00e0 la th\u00e9orie d\u2019Ortelius, <strong>d\u2019autres personnes \u00e9voquent la possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019une s\u00e9paration des continents<\/strong>, tels que :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Francis Bacon, qui souligne aussi la compl\u00e9mentarit\u00e9 des c\u00f4tes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le p\u00e8re Fran\u00e7ois Placet, qui parle d&rsquo;une s\u00e9paration mais gr\u00e2ce au D\u00e9luge.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est <strong>en 1858<\/strong> que <strong>la premi\u00e8re \u00e9bauche d\u2019une th\u00e9orie de la d\u00e9rive des continents<\/strong> na\u00eet, <strong>gr\u00e2ce au g\u00e9ographe Antonio Snider-Pellegrini<\/strong>. Dans son m\u00e9moire <em>La Cr\u00e9ation et ses myst\u00e8res d\u00e9voil\u00e9s<\/em>, Snider-Pellegrini fait <strong>le rapprochement entre les fossiles de plantes d\u2019Europe et d\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord<\/strong>, datant de l\u2019\u00e9poque du Carbonif\u00e8re (\u2013359 \u00e0 \u2013299 millions d&rsquo;ann\u00e9es).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Durant les ann\u00e9es qui suivent, <strong>plusieurs conceptions \u00e9mergent<\/strong>, telles que\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019uniformitarisme<\/strong>, qui estime que les processus g\u00e9ologiques qui se sont pass\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque sont toujours les m\u00eames de nos jours.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le mobilisme<\/strong>, qui estime que les masses continentales se d\u00e9placent de mani\u00e8re horizontale.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les syst\u00e8mes de soul\u00e8vement<\/strong>, qui insinuent que les montagnes se sont form\u00e9es gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des mouvements verticaux.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les syst\u00e8mes d\u2019affaissement<\/strong>, qui insinuent que les montagnes se sont form\u00e9es car la terre s\u2019est pliss\u00e9e.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Mais elles tombent toutes \u00e0 l\u2019eau<\/strong> \u00e0 cause de facteurs g\u00e9ologiques qui les contredisent.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, <strong>le 6 janvier 1912<\/strong>, <strong>le m\u00e9t\u00e9orologue allemand Alfred Wegener pr\u00e9sente officiellement la th\u00e9orie de la \u00ab&nbsp;d\u00e9rive des continents \u00bb<\/strong>. \ud83e\udd96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il <strong>\u00e9voque l\u2019existence d\u2019un ancien supercontinent, appel\u00e9 la Pang\u00e9e<\/strong>, s\u2019\u00e9tant fractur\u00e9 <strong>il y a de \u00e7a plusieurs millions d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/strong>. Plus tard, il \u00e9toffe ses propos avec son ouvrage <em>Gen\u00e8se des continents et des oc\u00e9ans : th\u00e9ories des translations continentales, <\/em>publi\u00e9 en 1915<em>.&nbsp;<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Diff\u00e9rents arguments \ud83e\uddd0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Alfred Wegener se base sur des arguments\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">G\u00e9ologiques, o\u00f9 il observe les particularit\u00e9s et similitudes des c\u00f4tes et des cha\u00eenes de montagnes de la terre. \u26f0\ufe0f<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pal\u00e9ontologiques, o\u00f9 il retrouve d\u2019anciennes faunes et flores similaires \u00e0 diff\u00e9rents endroits de la terre. \ud83c\udf0d<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pal\u00e9oclimatiques, o\u00f9 il observe les anciens climats.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour autant,<strong> la th\u00e9orie de Wegener n\u2019est ni unanime<\/strong>, <strong>ni exacte<\/strong>, et ce, m\u00eame si \u00e7a se joue \u00e0 peu<strong>.<\/strong> Du coup, c\u2019est quoi, son d\u00e9faut ? En vrai, il est tout simple : <strong>la th\u00e9orie insinue que seule la cro\u00fbte terrestre se d\u00e9place<\/strong>, alors que ce n\u2019est pas le cas.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, cette derni\u00e8re <strong>enclenche la grande d\u00e9couverte de ce que nous appelons aujourd\u2019hui les plaques tectoniques<\/strong> ! \ud83c\udf0b&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/6E9XsNsYxLJZS2hpnV\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Enfant qui salut en se moquant\" style=\"width:450px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>La communaut\u00e9 scientifique avec Wegener<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une d\u00e9couverte contest\u00e9e \ud83e\uddd0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus tard, <strong>on comprend que la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique peut se d\u00e9placer aussi<\/strong>, notamment gr\u00e2ce aux petites trouvailles du <strong>g\u00e9ologue am\u00e9ricain Harry Hess<\/strong>. Il insinue que la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique peut s\u2019\u00e9tendre et s\u2019enfoncer sous la cro\u00fbte terrestre. Cette d\u00e9couverte, introduisant le<strong> concept de \u00ab double tapis roulant \u00bb des cro\u00fbtes<\/strong>, vient heurter le monde scientifique de plein fouet en 1962. \ud83d\udca3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En parall\u00e8le, <strong>d\u2019autres scientifiques viennent confirmer l\u2019hypoth\u00e8se de l&rsquo;expansion de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique<\/strong>. En effet, en 1958 et 1961, deux oc\u00e9anographes du nom de Ron George Mason et Arthur Datus Raff vont \u00e9tudier les cailloux au fond de l\u2019oc\u00e9an. Pas super fun, dit comme \u00e7a. \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces derniers remarquent, au niveau de ce qu\u2019on appelle les dorsales oc\u00e9aniques, que le champ magn\u00e9tique des roches est diff\u00e9rent. En effet, <strong>il y a plusieurs \u00ab bandes \u00bb de roches qui ne d\u00e9gagent pas la m\u00eame \u00e9nergie<\/strong> <strong>selon l\u2019endroit o\u00f9 tu te places<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc4d<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une histoire d\u2019\u00e9coulement \ud83d\udd0d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le magma, remontant dans les dorsales oc\u00e9aniques et d\u00e9livrant les roches, s\u2019\u00e9coule de part et d\u2019autre de la dorsale. C\u2019est lui qui forme les bandes de roches, dont le magn\u00e9tisme d\u00e9pend des ann\u00e9es !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">D\u2019ailleurs, elles ont un peu tendance \u00e0 se chevaucher. \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette d\u00e9couverte traduit l&rsquo;expansion de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique, car les <strong>changements de magn\u00e9tisme<\/strong> sont des <strong>ph\u00e9nom\u00e8nes r\u00e9currents au cours de l\u2019histoire de notre plan\u00e8te<\/strong>. Et <strong>les roches (ou min\u00e9raux) sont l\u00e0 pour montrer qu\u2019ils ont \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9sents \u00e0 ce moment<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1965, <strong>le g\u00e9ophysicien canadien John Tuzo Wilson introduit le concept des failles transformantes<\/strong>, qui sont des endroits o\u00f9 les plaques se frottent, formant ainsi des sortes de limites. D\u00e8s lors,<strong> les g\u00e9ologues comprennent qu\u2019on peut d\u00e9couper tout \u00e7a en forme de plaque<\/strong> !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C\u2019est quoi comme taff ? \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En g\u00e9ologie, on \u00e9tudie principalement l\u2019\u00e9volution et la composition de la cro\u00fbte terrestre. Et ce qui int\u00e9resse le plus un g\u00e9ologue, c\u2019est souvent la lithosph\u00e8re, qu\u2019on explique un peu en dessous ou dans le sch\u00e9ma plus bas.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une question de lithosph\u00e8re\u2026 \ud83d\udd0d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, on d\u00e9couvre aussi que la cro\u00fbte (oc\u00e9anique ou terrestre) se d\u00e9place avec une partie du manteau sup\u00e9rieur, appel\u00e9e le manteau lithosph\u00e9rique. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle la lithosph\u00e8re ! On te montre comment \u00e7a marche dans le sch\u00e9ma plus bas. \ud83d\udc40<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e8s lors, chacun apporte sa petite th\u00e9orie de d\u00e9coupe des plaques<\/strong> en esp\u00e9rant qu\u2019elle d\u00e9passe l\u2019autre. Ouais, c\u2019est un peu la bagarre, surtout aujourd&rsquo;hui, car on d\u00e9couvre des microplaques ! \ud83e\udd2f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Celle qui nous int\u00e9resse est propos\u00e9e par Xavier Le Pichon<\/strong>, qui est un g\u00e9odynamicien fran\u00e7ais. \ud83e\udd56 Il avance un <strong>mod\u00e8le de 6 plaques majeures<\/strong>, compos\u00e9 de :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>la plaque africaine ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la plaque indo-australienne ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la plaque antarctique ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la plaque sud-am\u00e9ricaine ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la plaque eurasiatique ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la plaque nord-am\u00e9ricaine.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">12 plaques et plus ! \u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le g\u00e9ophysicien am\u00e9ricain William Jason Morgan propose quant \u00e0 lui un mod\u00e8le de 12 plaques, rivalisant avec notre fran\u00e7ais Le Pichon.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Aujourd\u2019hui, on reconna\u00eet l\u2019existence d\u2019autres plaques tectoniques, comme des plaques mineures ou des micro-plaques. Par exemple, tu savais qu\u2019il y avait une microplaque \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00cele de P\u00e2ques ? \ud83c\udf6b\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Et hop, on en a termin\u00e9 avec la partie historique de la science. Maintenant, place au concret ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/giFh2htn3rW5qyQRO6\/giphy-downsized-large.gif\" alt=\"Infirmier qui \u00e9vite des personnes malades dans un h\u00f4pital\" style=\"width:300px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>La plaque eurasiatique <\/em>entour\u00e9e des<em> plaques voisines<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/svt\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu souhaites creuser encore plus profond\u00e9ment dans les sciences ? Alors trouve ton prof particulier chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une histoire de couche \ud83e\udd6a&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la partie \u00e9nonc\u00e9e pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment,<strong> on a \u00e9voqu\u00e9 plusieurs fois la cro\u00fbte terrestre ou encore la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique. Mais, \u00e7a se situe o\u00f9, <\/strong>exactement ? \ud83e\udd14&nbsp;<br>Pour r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 tout \u00e7a, <strong>on te propose un petit sch\u00e9ma qui d\u00e9coupe la terre<\/strong>, montrant ainsi ses quelques couches, qui vont les unes par dessus les autres. C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"515\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x-1024x515.jpg\" alt=\"sch\u00e9ma de la cro\u00fbte terrestre\" class=\"wp-image-267791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=200 200w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=610 610w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=1920 1920w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-1@6x.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme&nbsp; tu peux le voir, tu as plusieurs couches qui se superposent ! Et <strong>dans la tectonique des plaques, c\u2019est la lithosph\u00e8re qui bouge<\/strong>\u2026 \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C\u00f4t\u00e9 bio \ud83c\udf3f<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On retrouve toute notre biosph\u00e8re sur la cro\u00fbte terrestre. D\u2019ailleurs, elle est aussi pr\u00e9sente dans l\u2019hydrosph\u00e8re, car il y a des poissons, des dauphins, etc. \ud83d\udc2c<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris, <strong>une plaque tectonique est un morceau de lithosph\u00e8re fractur\u00e9e !<\/strong> \ud83c\udf0b<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div 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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c7a marche comment ? \ud83e\udd2f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est bien, la lithosph\u00e8re bouge, mais \u00e7a ne fait pas tout. En effet, l&rsquo;univers de la plaque tectonique contient des mouvements qui lui sont propres, et c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on te montre ci-dessous ! \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le mouvement divergent \ud83d\udc4b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lorsque deux plaques s\u2019\u00e9cartent, on dit qu\u2019elles divergent.<\/strong> Autrement dit, c\u2019est <em>bye bye<\/em>. Et si tel est le cas, <strong>c\u2019est qu\u2019il y a une dorsale<\/strong> quelque part au fond de l\u2019eau ! \ud83d\udc20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2-1024x481.png\" alt=\"sch\u00e9ma d'une dorsale oc\u00e9anique\" class=\"wp-image-267795\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=2048 2048w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=200 200w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=610 610w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-2.png?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour rappel, la dorsale est une d\u00e9formation de la cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique prenant la forme d\u2019une cr\u00eate. <strong>Le magma, provenant de l\u2019asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re, remonte alors \u00e0 la surface puis s\u2019\u00e9coule de chaque c\u00f4t\u00e9<\/strong>. Cette ascension <strong>permet \u00e0 la<\/strong> <strong>lithosph\u00e8re de se d\u00e9placer de quelques centim\u00e8tres par an<\/strong> gr\u00e2ce au magma qui refroidit au contact de l\u2019eau !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le mouvement convergent \ud83d\udc49 \ud83d\udc48<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lorsque deux plaques se rapprochent, on dit qu\u2019elles convergent<\/strong>. Si tel est le cas, <strong>c\u2019est qu\u2019il y a une zone de subduction<\/strong> aupr\u00e8s de la cro\u00fbte continentale ! \ud83c\udf0b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"481\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3-1024x481.png\" alt=\"sch\u00e9ma d'une zone de subduction\" class=\"wp-image-267796\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=300 300w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=768 768w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=1536 1536w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=2048 2048w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=200 200w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=396 396w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=288 288w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=610 610w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=265 265w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=60 60w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/11\/plaque-tectonique-3.png?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour rappel, lorsque deux plaques de lithosph\u00e8re se rencontrent, l\u2019une va passer sous l\u2019autre :<strong> c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle la zone de subduction<\/strong>. Quand tel est le cas, c\u2019est la plaque tectonique la plus dense qui va passer en dessous afin de <strong>s\u2019enfoncer dans l\u2019asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et encore pour rappel,<strong> l\u2019asth\u00e9nosph\u00e8re<\/strong> est la partie la plus basse du manteau sup\u00e9rieur, et elle <strong>est ductile<\/strong> ! Cette propri\u00e9t\u00e9 fait qu\u2019elle se d\u00e9forme facilement, assurant ainsi la descente de la plaque ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Et l\u2019activit\u00e9 volcanique dans tout \u00e7a ? \ud83c\udf0b<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lorsqu\u2019il y a une activit\u00e9 volcanique, du magma s\u2019\u00e9coule de part et d\u2019autre du volcan avant de se refroidir. Ainsi, \u00e0 l\u2019instar des dorsales oc\u00e9aniques, un volcan permet aussi d\u2019\u00e9tendre la cro\u00fbte continentale !<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Faille de transformation \ud83d\udc83<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On ne doit pas oublier les failles de transformation, qui r\u00e9sultent aussi du mouvement de notre plaque tectonique.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comment reconna\u00eetre une plaque ? \ud83d\udc40<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Si ce n\u2019est pas fait en cours, <strong>ton prof risque de te demander d\u2019identifier les couches terrestres ou encore l\u2019anciennet\u00e9 des plaques tectoniques par le biais de quelques exercices<\/strong>. Et pour ce faire, on te pr\u00e9sente <strong>plusieurs m\u00e9thodes<\/strong> ! \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gr\u00e2ce aux cailloux \ud83d\uddff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs m\u00e9thodes existent pour <strong>rep\u00e9rer dans quelle couche terrestre on se trouve<\/strong>. Et cela te permet de rep\u00e9rer si tu touches \u00e0 une plaque tectonique ou non !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La m\u00e9thode la plus simple reste l\u2019analyse des roches<\/strong>, que ce soit au microscope ou par l&rsquo;interm\u00e9diaire des donn\u00e9es qu\u2019on te donne. En effet, <strong>chaque couche terrestre poss\u00e8de des cailloux qui lui sont parfois propres, et c\u2019est ce qui va t\u2019aider<\/strong> !<strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il n\u2019y a pas que les roches dans la vie\u2026 \ud83d\udc8e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les min\u00e9raux peuvent aussi \u00eatre de la partie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-2180\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-2180\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Couche terrestre<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Roches ou min\u00e9raux caract\u00e9ristiques<br \/>\n<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cro\u00fbte continentale<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Le granite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Cro\u00fbte oc\u00e9anique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Le basalte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Manteau sup\u00e9rieur (plaque lithosph\u00e9rique + plaque asth\u00e9nosph\u00e9rique) <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">La p\u00e9ridotite<br \/>\nL\u2019olivine<br \/>\nLa pyroxene<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Manteau inf\u00e9rieur<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">La bridgmanite<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Noyau externe<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Du fer<br \/>\nDu nickel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Noyau interne<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Du fer<br \/>\nDu nickel<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-2180 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>Du coup, tu sauras quoi faire si jamais on te demande de sortir ton microscope ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3o6MbkPiScbllcS1s4\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mec des Simpson qui se taille avec pleins de trucs\" style=\"width:408px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Ton pote de TP qui se casse avec ton pyroxene<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Gr\u00e2ce aux ondes \ud83d\ude31<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est mignon tout \u00e7a, mais l\u2019analyse des roches ne fait pas tout. En effet, <strong>on peut aussi te demander d\u2019analyser des ondes sismiques<\/strong> pour identifier les couches terrestres. Comme quoi, les tremblements de terre, \u00e7a peut servir\u2026 \ud83e\udd72<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour commencer, il en existe plusieurs, mais seulement trois types nous int\u00e9ressent\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les ondes P (ondes de compression) qui sont les plus rapides. Elles se propagent dans les solides, les liquides et les gaz.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les ondes S (ondes de cisaillement) qui sont moins rapides que les ondes P. Elles se propagent seulement dans les solides.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les ondes L (ondes de surface) qui se propagent \u00e0 la surface. Elles ne sont pas tr\u00e8s rapides, mais ce sont celles qui font des d\u00e9g\u00e2ts lors des s\u00e9ismes !&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il y a de l\u2019amour dans l\u2019air\u2026 \u2764\ufe0f\u200d\ud83d\udd25<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les ondes L sont nomm\u00e9es ondes de Love, avec un grand L.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ces diff\u00e9rentes ondes agissent diff\u00e9remment en fonction de la nature de la couche terrestre qu\u2019elle traverse.<\/strong> En effet, il peut y avoir une diff\u00e9rence si cette derni\u00e8re est liquide, solide, ou encore ductile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple,<strong> les ondes S sont stopp\u00e9es entre le noyau et le manteau<\/strong>, <strong>ce qui indique que le noyau externe est liquide<\/strong>. Et on le sait car<strong> les ondes S ne traversent pas ce qui est liquide<\/strong> !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/cqCV9YCclxLpJbalId\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Deux mecs qui se d\u00e9shabillent sur sc\u00e8ne\" style=\"width:440px;height:auto\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les ondes L qui d\u00e9barquent<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bon, on en a fini avec les plaques tectoniques ! Alors, <strong>tu as compris le sch\u00e9ma des couches terrestres ?<\/strong> \ud83d\ude0e Si toutefois, tu es encore au fin fond d\u2019une fosse sur certaines notions,<strong> n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 te rapprocher d\u2019un Sherpa afin d\u2019avoir des <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/svt\/online\"><strong>cours particuliers en ligne<\/strong><\/a><strong> !<\/strong> Sur ces mots, on te dit \u00e0 bient\u00f4t ! \ud83d\udc4b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;267765&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\\u0026#039;explication de la plaque tectonique \ud83c\udf0b&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tu es perdu en cours de SVT ? Tu ne comprends rien \u00e0 la tectonique des plaques ? (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":353,"featured_media":267766,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,811],"tag":[79],"class_list":["post-267765","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-svt-biologie-2","tag-lycee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267765","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/353"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267765"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267765\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/267766"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267765"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=267765"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=267765"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}