{"id":267012,"date":"2023-11-08T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-08T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=267012"},"modified":"2024-05-22T11:03:44","modified_gmt":"2024-05-22T09:03:44","slug":"histoire-memoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/histoire-memoire\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche de r\u00e9vision : Histoire et m\u00e9moires \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfeb"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Histoire et m\u00e9moires, deux notions \u00e0 la fois oppos\u00e9es et compl\u00e9mentaires ! Car si m\u00e9moires et Histoire nous mettent en r\u00e9cit le pass\u00e9, elles peuvent parfois entrer en conflit. Aujourd\u2019hui on te fait une fiche de r\u00e9vision sur ce th\u00e8me abord\u00e9 en cours d\u2019HGGSP. \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des termes \u00e0 la fois distincts et compl\u00e9mentaires&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019Histoire, une science \ud83d\udd2c&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jetons d\u2019abord un \u0153il au terme \u00ab histoire \u00bb. \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019histoire peut se d\u00e9finir comme une <strong>reconstruction scientifique du pass\u00e9<\/strong> qui se veut <strong>objective<\/strong>. Le travail de l\u2019historien est donc de construire un r\u00e9cit le plus proche possible de la v\u00e9rit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle s\u2019appuie sur la confrontation de <strong>sources diverses<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Arch\u00e9ologie ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 t\u00e9moignages ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 textes litt\u00e9raires ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 textes juridiques ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 discours, articles, affiches ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 documents iconographiques ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 d\u00e9clarations et manifestes ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 analyses d\u2019historiens.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019iconographie, k\u00e9zako ? \ud83e\udde0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il s\u2019agit de l\u2019\u00e9tude des repr\u00e9sentations figur\u00e9es d\u2019un sujet. Elles peuvent prendre la forme de sculpture, de peintures, de gravures\u2026<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZW5kOHVlbWhhd2Y4MDgzdGg5MTduZ3dhOG91am81OGUxcW1uczY4biZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3o6Mb5wQjkhYrybmnK\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Homer dit :\u00ab Look at me! I'm a famous historian ! Out of my way ! \u00bb\" style=\"width:355px;height:266px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Rare image d\u2019un historien tr\u00e8s connu&nbsp;<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La m\u00e9moire comme t\u00e9moignage individuel&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Passons maintenant au second terme de notre fiche de r\u00e9vision, \u00e0 savoir : la m\u00e9moire ! \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La m\u00e9moire renvoie aux <strong>souvenirs<\/strong> d\u2019un <strong>individu<\/strong> ou d\u2019une <strong>collectivit\u00e9<\/strong>. Parler de m\u00e9moire, c\u2019est donc d\u2019un point de vue, d\u2019un t\u00e9moignage personnel. Elle se r\u00e9f\u00e8re aussi aux <strong>diff\u00e9rentes pratiques comm\u00e9moratives<\/strong> qui en d\u00e9coulent, selon des <strong>enjeux<\/strong> divers, souvent <strong>revendicatifs<\/strong> ! Par la m\u00e9moire, on peut vouloir <strong>ne pas oublier des faits du pass\u00e9<\/strong> mais aussi<strong> chercher une compensation morale, symbolique ou financi\u00e8re<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La m\u00e9moire a donc une <strong>vision subjective<\/strong>, ce qui la distingue de l\u2019Histoire. Elle reste un \u00e9l\u00e9ment tr\u00e8s utile \u00e0 l\u2019historien en tant que source !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019Histoire est la m\u00e9moire du monde<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Henri Lacordaire<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">ancien avocat devenu pr\u00eatre<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon l\u2019historien Antoine Prost, la m\u00e9moire est un <strong>\u00e9v\u00e9nement affectif qui isole un \u00e9l\u00e9ment de son contexte<\/strong>. Elle est donc une <strong>ressource<\/strong> que l\u2019historien doit <strong>manipuler avec pr\u00e9caution<\/strong>.&nbsp;Par ses recherches et son enseignement, il peut agir sur la m\u00e9moire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49Un exemple concret : en 1973, le travail de l\u2019historien Robert Paxton sur la collaboration du r\u00e9gime de Vichy dans la Seconde Guerre mondiale met fin au mythe d\u2019une France presque unanimement r\u00e9sistante !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZjJndWs2eml4M3BwYjBqMjI1ODY1YjFvamxxdng2ZW4zdTYweHBtNyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3o7qDDquZ5Yi4ZlJ4I\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un homme barbu et cheveux long - comme on s'imagine un historien - dit : \u00abnone of that is true\u00bb.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pov Robert qui d\u00e9fait tous les mythes&nbsp;<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>En somme, histoire et m\u00e9moire sont li\u00e9s, la m\u00e9moire est une source de t\u00e9moignage pour l\u2019historien, et l\u2019histoire enrichit et corrige cette m\u00e9moire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire et m\u00e9moire des conflits&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les <strong>conflits et leur histoire <\/strong>sont grav\u00e9s dans les <strong>m\u00e9moires individuelles <\/strong>et la <strong>m\u00e9moire collective<\/strong> des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s. La Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale et la guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie ont fait l\u2019objet de nombreux travaux historiques qui peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s \u00e0 des fins politiques. En voici un aper\u00e7u !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un d\u00e9bat historique : la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale \ud83e\ude96<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>guerre moderne<\/strong>, qui touche les populations civiles et utilise des outils industriels, marque le <strong>XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle<\/strong> : il s\u2019agit de la<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a> (1914-1918)<\/strong>. Elle fait l\u2019objet de l\u2019un des <strong>d\u00e9bats historiques<\/strong> les plus importants, \u00e0 savoir : <strong>qui a d\u00e9clench\u00e9 cette guerre ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExenB5Z3d4dDludGJidWduamw2NThya2Ztd2VhMTA2Yncxbm4wZjN5MCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3o7WTtorUlfnd3UanS\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Une personne est au centre d'un groupe d'autres gens. Elle fait un tour sur elle-m\u00eame et dit :\u00abwhich one of you was it ? \u00bb.\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les pays qui se disputent pour d\u00e9signer un coupable<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s le d\u00e9but de la guerre, <strong>l\u2019Allemagne<\/strong>, qui est <strong>\u00e0 l\u2019origine de la d\u00e9claration de guerre contre la France<\/strong>, envisage d\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 1914 de <strong>publier des d\u00e9p\u00eaches diplomatiques et documents officiels<\/strong> dans le but de souligner la responsabilit\u00e9 de l\u2019adversaire.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette<strong> question de responsabilit\u00e9<\/strong> a une importance politique majeure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Pour la France<\/strong>, cela justifie le <strong>paiement de lourdes r\u00e9parations<\/strong> par l\u2019Allemagne et une <strong>politique de fermet\u00e9<\/strong> \u00e0 son \u00e9gard.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Pour l\u2019Allemagne<\/strong>,<strong> tout le pays n\u2019est pas responsable<\/strong>, seulement les socialistes et dirigeants politiques de la r\u00e9publique de Weimar.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La r\u00e9publique de Weimar, k\u00e9zako ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C\u2019est le nom donn\u00e9 au r\u00e9gime de l\u2019Allemagne qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, de 1919 \u00e0 1933. <\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>d\u00e9bat<\/strong> mobilise \u00e9galement les historiens durant l\u2019<strong>entre-deux-guerres<\/strong>. C\u2019est <strong>apr\u00e8s 30 ans<\/strong> de controverse que <strong>la responsabilit\u00e9 allemande s\u2019impose<\/strong>, sans pour autant n\u00e9gliger celle des autres puissances, notamment l\u2019Autriche-Hongrie, la Russie et la France.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le savais-tu ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019historien <\/span><b>Fritz Fischer <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">a publi\u00e9 en 1961 un livre intitul\u00e9 <\/span><b><i>Les Buts de guerre de l\u2019Allemagne imp\u00e9riale 1914-1918<\/i><\/b><b>.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Selon lui, l\u2019Allemagne aurait d\u00e9clench\u00e9 les hostilit\u00e9s afin d\u2019acc\u00e9der au rang de puissance mondiale. Sa th\u00e8se s\u2019opposait aux analyses dominantes de l\u2019\u00e9poque et a beaucoup fait d\u00e9bat.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>climat<\/strong> s\u2019est depuis <strong>apais\u00e9<\/strong>, pour plusieurs raisons.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>construction europ\u00e9enne<\/strong> \u00e0 partir de 1951 se fonde sur la <strong>r\u00e9conciliation franco-allemande<\/strong> et permet d\u2019instaurer une solidarit\u00e9 entre les Etats d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest ;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>les recherches historiques se r\u00e9orientent au profit de la <strong>Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/strong> ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u00e0 partir des <strong>ann\u00e9es 1980\/1990<\/strong>, les historiens privil\u00e9gient une<strong> approche anthropologique, culturelle et sociale de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale.<\/strong> Ils ne s\u2019int\u00e9ressent plus \u00e0 la question des responsabilit\u00e9s. Ils vont plut\u00f4t s\u2019orienter les questions de violence de guerre, de \u00ab brutalisation \u00bb des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-1.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res en Histoire ? Trouve ton prof particulier ici !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Trouve ton prof particulier ! \n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie de 1954 \u00e0 1962 \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddff<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie, qui a longtemps \u00e9t\u00e9 une <strong>guerre sans nom<\/strong>, est l\u2019une des crises majeures de l\u2019histoire de France au XXe si\u00e8cle.<strong> L\u2019Etat fran\u00e7ais a en fait refus\u00e9 de reconna\u00eetre qu\u2019il s\u2019agissait d\u2019une guerre<\/strong>. Pour d\u00e9signer la situation, on parlait alors \u00ab <strong>d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements<\/strong> \u00bb ou de \u00ab&nbsp;<strong>pacification<\/strong> \u00bb. La <strong>m\u00e9moire<\/strong> de cette guerre est <strong>refoul\u00e9e<\/strong>, d\u2019autant plus dans le contexte de l\u2019expansion \u00e9conomique des <strong>Trente Glorieuses<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\uddd0 On te remet dans le <strong>contexte<\/strong> : de 1954 \u00e0 1962, la France m\u00e8ne une <strong>guerre de reconqu\u00eate pour conserver l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie,<\/strong> qui est sa <strong>principale colonie de peuplement<\/strong>. Il y a plus d\u2019un million d\u2019europ\u00e9ens qui vivent sur cette terre, on les surnomme les <strong>pieds noirs<\/strong>.<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un mouvement ind\u00e9pendantiste alg\u00e9rien s\u2019y d\u00e9veloppe, le <strong>Front de Lib\u00e9ration Nationale (FLN)<\/strong>, dans la volont\u00e9 de <strong>chasser le colonisateur<\/strong> et de <strong>cr\u00e9er un Etat alg\u00e9rien<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au d\u00e9part, il n\u2019y a <strong>pas eu de d\u00e9claration de guerre<\/strong>, les lois de la guerre n\u2019ont donc pas \u00e9t\u00e9 appliqu\u00e9es. Massacres, tortures, ont co\u00fbt\u00e9 la vie \u00e0 de nombreuses personnes, surtout alg\u00e9riennes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9tat a pratiqu\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de<strong> lois d\u2019amnistie<\/strong> entre 1962 et 1982 pour une grande partie des protagonistes de cette guerre.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019amnistie, k\u00e9zako ?\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un acte du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif par lequel sont suspendues des sanctions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais du c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie alors ? L\u00e0-bas, la <strong>guerre est mythifi\u00e9e<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019elle fait partie de la mythologie nationale. Le <strong>r\u00f4le des Alg\u00e9riens<\/strong> y est <strong>magnifi\u00e9<\/strong>. <strong>L\u2019histoire est instrumentalis\u00e9e<\/strong>, ce qui aura trois cons\u00e9quences :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le <strong>r\u00f4le du FLN est survaloris\u00e9 <\/strong>en d\u00e9pit de celui des autres groupes nationalistes ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la guerre est <strong>pr\u00e9sent\u00e9e comme un soul\u00e8vement populaire unanime<\/strong> ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les <strong>pertes sont surestim\u00e9es<\/strong> (1,5 million de pertes contre en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 : entre 300 000 et 400 000).&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu veux conna\u00eetre plus en d\u00e9tails l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-d-algerie\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-d-algerie\/\">histoire de la guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/a>, c\u2019est dans cet article !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Dans les <strong>ann\u00e9es 1990<\/strong>, on voit \u00e9merger une <strong>politique de reconnaissance m\u00e9morielle de la part de la France<\/strong>. La p\u00e9riode coloniale et la guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie sont des sujets au c\u0153ur des relations entre les deux pays. L\u2019<strong>histoire commune<\/strong> reste encore aujourd\u2019hui un <strong>enjeu diplomatique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">En 2021, <\/span><b>l\u2019historien Benjamin Stora<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> remet au pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique un <\/span><b>rapport sur les m\u00e9moires de la guerre d\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Il parle d\u2019une <\/span><b>\u00ab guerre des m\u00e9moires \u00bb<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> et souligne que le temps est venu de \u00ab chercher \u00e0 expliquer ensemble l\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nement colonial \u00bb.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire, m\u00e9moire et justice \u2696\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les guerres et g\u00e9nocides qui ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 le XXe si\u00e8cle m\u00e8nent \u00e0 une <strong>nouvelle r\u00e9flexion juridique<\/strong>. Apr\u00e8s la <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\">Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/a><\/strong>, qui a eu lieu de 1939 \u00e0 1945, le <strong>tribunal militaire de Nuremberg<\/strong> est mis en place jusqu\u2019en 1946, pour<strong> juger les crimes d\u2019un certain nombre de responsables nazis<\/strong>. De nouvelles cat\u00e9gories de crimes sont alors invent\u00e9es afin de pouvoir punir les atrocit\u00e9s commises pendant la guerre. On va notamment voir appara\u00eetre les termes suivants.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Crime contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9 <\/strong>: lorsqu\u2019il est commis dans le cadre d\u2019une attaque g\u00e9n\u00e9ralis\u00e9e ou syst\u00e9matique lanc\u00e9e contre toute population civile et en connaissance de cette attaque (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.fr\/focus\/terrorisme-crime-de-guerre-crime-contre-lhumanite-que-dit-le-droit-international#:~:text=Crime%20contre%20l&#039;humanit%C3%A9,-Tandis%20que%20le&amp;text=Un%20acte%20est%20qualifi%C3%A9%20de,en%20connaissance%20de%20cette%20attaque\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.amnesty.fr\/focus\/terrorisme-crime-de-guerre-crime-contre-lhumanite-que-dit-le-droit-international#:~:text=Crime%20contre%20l&#039;humanit%C3%A9,-Tandis%20que%20le&amp;text=Un%20acte%20est%20qualifi%C3%A9%20de,en%20connaissance%20de%20cette%20attaque\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">selon Amnesty France<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>G\u00e9nocide<\/strong> : c\u2019est la destruction m\u00e9thodique d\u2019un groupe humain (<a href=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire.lerobert.com\/definition\/genocide\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/dictionnaire.lerobert.com\/definition\/genocide\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">selon Le Robert<\/a>). Il peut \u00eatre motiv\u00e9 par des motifs politiques, philosophiques, raciaux ou religieux.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces deux notions sont aujourd\u2019hui int\u00e9gr\u00e9es dans les statuts de la Cour p\u00e9nale internationale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La justice \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle locale : les tribunaux <em>gacaca<\/em> face au g\u00e9nocide des Tutsis<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En <strong>1994<\/strong>, en \u00e0 peine trois mois, <strong>pr\u00e8s d\u2019un million de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/genocide-rwanda\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/genocide-rwanda\/\">Tutsis du Rwanda<\/a> ont \u00e9t\u00e9 assassin\u00e9s<\/strong>. Le massacre est <strong>perp\u00e9tr\u00e9 par les Hutu<\/strong>, une autre ethnie du pays.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2708\ufe0f C\u2019est en fait la <strong>mort<\/strong> dans un accident d\u2019avion <strong>du pr\u00e9sident rwandais<\/strong> qui <strong>permet aux Hutus radicaux de s\u2019emparer du pouvoir.<\/strong> En quelques semaines, ils parviennent \u00e0 massacrer la plus grande partie de la population tutsie, et des Hutus mod\u00e9r\u00e9s, profitant de l\u2019<strong>inaction internationale<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On parle ici de <\/span><b>g\u00e9nocide de proximit\u00e9. En effet, les tueurs des Tutsis sont leurs voisins.<\/b><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le g\u00e9nocide, une question se pose : comment juger les meurtriers et r\u00e9concilier une population profond\u00e9ment meurtirie et divis\u00e9e ? Trois grands types de jugement ont alors lieu.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le tribunal p\u00e9nal international pour le Rwanda, situ\u00e9 \u00e0 Arusha en Tanzanie<\/strong>. Sans prendre en compte les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s du g\u00e9nocide rwandais, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en accusation les grands d\u00e9cideurs, commanditaires du massacre dans les populations Hutus. Seulement 35 personnes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 condamn\u00e9es.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Des justices nationales dont le Rwanda et d\u2019autres Etats.<\/strong> Des juridictions nationales se sont tenues dans le monde entier, \u00e0 la fois au Rwanda, dans les pays limitrophes, mais aussi \u00e0 Bruxelles, Montr\u00e9al ou encore Paris.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li><strong>Et enfin : une justice locale avec les tribunaux gacaca.<\/strong> Ces tribunaux populaires se sont tenus au Rwanda, entre voisins, dans les campagnes, les villages, parfois m\u00eame dans les prisons. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une forme totalement in\u00e9dite de justice. <strong>Cette justice locale a \u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle \u00e0 la r\u00e9conciliation entre les Tutsis et les Hutus ! <\/strong>Elle a permis de juger le g\u00e9nocide par ceux qui l\u2019ont v\u00e9cu.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La justice \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e9chelle internationale : le tribunal p\u00e9nal international pour l\u2019ex-Yougoslavie&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>Yougoslavie<\/strong> est un <strong>\u00c9tat multinational<\/strong> cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1918 et qui a cess\u00e9 d\u2019exister en 2003. Il regroupait alors <strong>6 r\u00e9publiques<\/strong> :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la Serbie ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la Croatie ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la Slov\u00e9nie ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la Bosnie-Herz\u00e9govine ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 le Mont\u00e9n\u00e9gro ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 la Mac\u00e9doine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plusieurs ethnies vivent ensemble et le <strong>nationalisme<\/strong> se d\u00e9veloppe. <strong>Les Etats r\u00e9clament leur ind\u00e9pendance<\/strong>, ce qui conduira \u00e0 une <strong>guerre civile<\/strong> tr\u00e8s violente, opposant la Serbie \u00e0 la Bosnie et la Croatie. En avril 1992, la ville de Sarajevo en Bosnie est encercl\u00e9e par les forces serbes. Pendant trois ans, la population civile conna\u00eet des conditions de vie terribles (p\u00e9nuries d\u2019eau, de vivres, de m\u00e9dicaments, arrestations, internements, meurtres).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette guerre r\u00e9v\u00e8le l\u2019impuissance de l\u2019UE et de l\u2019ONU \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir la paix. La guerre prend fin en 1995 avec l\u2019action de l\u2019OTAN et des Etats-Unis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019action de la justice internationale&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Afin de juger les criminels responsables, le <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-de-yougoslavie\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-de-yougoslavie\/\">Tribunal p\u00e9nal international de l\u2019ex-Yougoslavie (TPIY)<\/a> <\/strong>est mis en place d\u00e8s 1993. Ce tribunal a alors pour but de juger les coupables selon plusieurs&nbsp; types de crimes :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>de guerre ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9 ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>de g\u00e9nocide.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a ferm\u00e9 ses portes le 31 d\u00e9cembre 2017. Bien qu\u2019il n\u2019existe d\u00e9sormais plus, le tribunal a ouvert la voie \u00e0 une <strong>justice internationale permanente<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Comme on vient de le voir, la justice peut se faire \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9chelles, du local \u00e0 l\u2019international.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Histoire et m\u00e9moire du g\u00e9nocide des Juifs et des Tsiganes&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc40 Regardons de plus pr\u00e8s le <strong>g\u00e9nocide des Juifs et des Tsiganes,<\/strong> qui s\u2019est produit par les nazis durant la <strong>Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la fin de cette guerre, de novembre 1945 \u00e0 octobre 1946, a lieu le <strong>proc\u00e8s de Nuremberg<\/strong>.&nbsp; Ce <strong>tribunal militaire international <\/strong>est fond\u00e9 sur des <strong>t\u00e9moignages<\/strong> et des <strong>preuves mat\u00e9rielles incontestables<\/strong> du g\u00e9nocide et de la destruction des populations civiles europ\u00e9ennes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u21aa\ufe0f L\u2019id\u00e9e est de mettre en place une <strong>justice internationale<\/strong>. Certaines<strong> notions juridiques <\/strong>sont alors <strong>\u00e0 inventer, dont <\/strong>le terme de <strong>g\u00e9nocide. <\/strong>Il<strong> <\/strong>n\u2019appara\u00eet pas encore dans les statuts du tribunal. Il n\u2019est \u00e9voqu\u00e9 que lors du proc\u00e8s des Einsatzgruppen, ces groupes d\u2019intervention mobiles qui \u00e9taient charg\u00e9s d\u2019exterminer les opposants et les Juifs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais comment sont jug\u00e9s les crimes apr\u00e8s Nuremberg ? \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De tr\u00e8s <strong>nombreux proc\u00e8s<\/strong> sont organis\u00e9s <strong>dans chaque zone d\u2019occupation<\/strong>. Ont lieu \u00e9galement les <strong>12 \u00ab&nbsp;proc\u00e8s successeurs \u00bb <\/strong>qui ont pour ambition de <strong>juger<\/strong> ceux qui auraient pu para\u00eetre comme des <strong>ex\u00e9cutants secondaires <\/strong>des crimes contre l\u2019humanit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf0e Dans <strong>le reste du monde<\/strong>, <strong>d\u2019autres proc\u00e8s ont \u00e9t\u00e9 mis en place<\/strong> pour mieux comprendre le g\u00e9nocide. <strong>Eichmann<\/strong>, haut responsable nazi, est enlev\u00e9 puis conduit \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem o\u00f9 il est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort \u00e0 l\u2019issue de son <strong>proc\u00e8s<\/strong>, en 1961. <strong>En France<\/strong> \u00e9galement, plusieurs responsables nazis sont inculp\u00e9s, comme Ren\u00e9 Bousquet ou encore Paul Touvier.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYmFrYjFnMmF0NnhkbzNuaDN0ODI5ZWg0enkyOGFheDZkOTJ6NTVxMiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/4WETF2mzWaS8id6Q5h\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un gar\u00e7on crie dans un micro : \u00ab justice is served \u00bb. \" style=\"width:373px;height:210px\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le g\u00e9nocide dans la litt\u00e9rature \ud83d\udcd6 et le cin\u00e9ma \ud83c\udfa5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le g\u00e9nocide a profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 la litt\u00e9rature et le cin\u00e9ma, qui ont \u00e0 leur mani\u00e8re permis de nommer l\u2019indicible.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dans la litt\u00e9rature \ud83d\udcda<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9cits dans la litt\u00e9rature ont plusieurs effets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ils permettent d\u2019<strong>\u00e9tablir la v\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/strong>, alors que tout \u00e9tait fait par les nazis pour effacer les t\u00e9moignages ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ils sont un <strong>t\u00e9moignage des disparus<\/strong> (via les les lettres, les journaux intimes\u2026) ;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ils sont un <strong>t\u00e9moignage des survivants<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut citer notamment :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-journal-danne-frank-resume\/\"><strong><em>Le<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>Journal d\u2019Anne Frank<\/em><\/strong><\/a><em>, <\/em>une jeune fille juive allemande qui est morte au camp de Bergen-Belsen en 1945 ;\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\ud83d\udc49 <\/em><strong><em>Si c\u2019est un homme<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>de Primo Levi<em>, <\/em>t\u00e9moignage de sa survie dans le camp d\u2019extermination nazi d\u2019Auschwitz.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Au cin\u00e9ma, du documentaire \u00e0 la fiction \ud83c\udfac<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 du cin\u00e9ma, on voit d\u2019abord l\u2019apparition de <strong>documentaires<\/strong>, \u00e0 partir d\u2019images film\u00e9es lors de la lib\u00e9ration des camps.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On peut citer ici :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong><em> Nuit et Brouillard <\/em><\/strong>d\u2019Alain Resnais ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong><em>Shoah<\/em><\/strong> de Claude Lanzmann.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le cin\u00e9ma est aussi utilis\u00e9 pour \u00e9voquer et recr\u00e9er, de par ses fictions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong><em>Le vieil homme et l\u2019enfant <\/em><\/strong>de Claude Berri ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong><em>Holocauste<\/em><\/strong>, film de pr\u00e8s de 9 heures qui retrace la vie d\u2019une famille juive allemande extermin\u00e9e dans les camps.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZ2V2ZTM4dXJjcmNxeTI1bnlxNjA5bXF3NmZ6OW02ejFodWIzcDhycyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/bEs40jYsdQjmM\/giphy-downsized-large.gif\" alt=\"Un chat met du scotch sur ses paupi\u00e8res pour pouvoir garder les yeux ouverts. \" style=\"width:420px;height:386px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les spectateurs qui tentent d\u2019arriver au bout des 9h<\/em><br><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ces t\u00e9moignages et mises en sc\u00e8ne du g\u00e9nocide sont un pr\u00e9cieux t\u00e9moignage et permettent de lutter contre l\u2019oubli.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris, <strong>histoire et m\u00e9moire<\/strong> sont des notions \u00e0 la fois <strong>distinctes<\/strong> et <strong>compl\u00e9mentaires<\/strong>. La <strong>m\u00e9moire<\/strong> permet d\u2019offrir un <strong>t\u00e9moignage de l\u2019Histoire<\/strong>, et tient une <strong>place particuli\u00e8re chez l\u2019historien<\/strong> qui se tient d\u2019adopter une d\u00e9marche scientifique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, maintenant qu\u2019on a fait le tour du th\u00e8me <em>Histoire et m\u00e9moire<\/em> ensemble, on esp\u00e8re que tu es un as sur tous les sujets abord\u00e9s ! N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 faire un tour sur le blog si tu souhaites approfondir tes connaissances. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;267012&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;15&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.9&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.9\\\/5 - (15 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fiche de r\u00e9vision : Histoire et m\u00e9moires \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfeb&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;139.6&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 139.6px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.9\/5 - (15 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Histoire et m\u00e9moires, deux notions \u00e0 la fois oppos\u00e9es et compl\u00e9mentaires ! Car si m\u00e9moires et Histoire nous (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":354,"featured_media":267014,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[770],"class_list":["post-267012","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-fiche-revision"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267012","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/354"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=267012"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/267012\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/267014"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=267012"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=267012"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=267012"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}