{"id":266407,"date":"2023-11-02T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-11-02T08:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=266407"},"modified":"2024-09-24T16:14:36","modified_gmt":"2024-09-24T14:14:36","slug":"decentralisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/decentralisation\/","title":{"rendered":"La d\u00e9centralisation, une pr\u00e9sentation en b\u00e9ton ! \ud83d\udcaa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tu sors d\u2019un cours de droit ? De g\u00e9ographie ? Tu as but\u00e9 sur la notion de d\u00e9centralisation ? Tu ne sais pas ce que \u00e7a veut dire ? \ud83d\ude31 Pas de panique ! La <em>team<\/em> Sherpas te sort ses meilleures explications sur ce terme juridique vu d\u00e8s le lyc\u00e9e en g\u00e9o. Alors, <em>ready<\/em> ? C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/cdNSp4L5vCU7aQrYnV\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Gosse qui se prend pour un cow-boy\" style=\"width:358px;height:466px\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La d\u00e9centralisation, qu\u00e9saco ? \ud83e\udd2f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette notion juridique qu\u2019on retrouve parfois dans les cours de g\u00e9ographie au lyc\u00e9e est assez complexe. C\u2019est pour cette raison qu\u2019on t\u2019explique tout ci-dessous ! \u2728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pr\u00e9sentation de la notion\u2026 \ud83d\udc4d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La d\u00e9centralisation est un processus o\u00f9 l\u2019Etat d\u00e9cide de transf\u00e9rer ses comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>aux communes ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aux d\u00e9partements ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aux r\u00e9gions ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>aux collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 statut particulier ;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>et aux collectivit\u00e9s d\u2019outre-mer.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On remarque que les collectivit\u00e9s correspondent \u00e0 <strong>plusieurs \u00e9chelles territoriales.<\/strong> \u00c7a peut-\u00eatre pratique comme info pour ta le\u00e7on de g\u00e9o\u2026 \ud83d\ude09&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, si on reformule, on peut dire que <strong>la France transf\u00e8re ses <em>skills<\/em> aux collectivit\u00e9s qui lui sont inf\u00e9rieures<\/strong> !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un statut particulier ? \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une collectivit\u00e9 \u00e0 statut particulier est une collectivit\u00e9 territoriale qui n\u2019est pas r\u00e9gie comme les autres. En gros, son territoire a un am\u00e9nagement particulier !<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On peut citer les m\u00e9tropoles de Paris, Lyon et Marseille qui sont d\u00e9coup\u00e9es en arrondissements, et o\u00f9 on retrouve des maires et des conseils d\u2019arrondissements. En d\u2019autres termes, l\u2019administration y est diff\u00e9rente.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, <strong>les collectivit\u00e9s sont en totale autonomie quant \u00e0 l\u2019Etat<\/strong>. En fait, c\u2019est le but du processus !<strong> L\u2019id\u00e9e est que les t\u00e2ches publiques soient partag\u00e9es entre elles<\/strong>, <strong>et que&nbsp; chacune g\u00e8re son truc sans avoir l\u2019Etat dans les pattes<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La gestion de ces territoires se fait par le biais d\u2019agents des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales. Ils sont dans la fonction publique, du coup. Ainsi tu en trouves partout, que ce soit dans les communes, les r\u00e9gions, dans les villes, dans les campagnes, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Curieux ? Tu peux lire notre article \u00ab\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fonction-publique\/\">tout comprendre sur la fonction publique<\/a>\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Disclaimer&nbsp;<\/em>\u2757<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que tu as capt\u00e9 le truc, la d\u00e9centralisation <strong>ne doit pas \u00eatre confondue avec la d\u00e9concentration, un processus o\u00f9 l\u2019Etat implante des repr\u00e9sentants locaux dans des circonscriptions territoriales<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ici, <strong>les autorit\u00e9s publiques de la d\u00e9concentration ne sont pas en autonomie quant \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00c9tat<\/strong>, vu qu&#8217;elles <strong>n\u2019ont pas de comp\u00e9tences propres<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tips<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> de la r\u00e9dac \ud83d\ude0e<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Dans le cadre de la d\u00e9concentration, l\u2019autorit\u00e9 doit forc\u00e9ment faire ce que l\u2019Etat lui dit. Tu peux ainsi te dire que l\u2019Etat la d\u00e9concentre \u00e0 force de la surveiller&#8230; C\u2019est un moyen mn\u00e9motechnique qui permet de ne pas confondre les deux ! <\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/dYgJrrDNNPLbGOWsYH\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Femme qui fait le signe \u00ab je te vois \u00bb de la main\" style=\"width:453px;height:453px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L&#8217;Etat qui surveille les agents d\u00e9concentr\u00e9s<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La d\u00e9centralisation fonctionnelle \u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">On parle de d\u00e9centralisation fonctionnelle lorsqu\u2019un \u00e9tablissement public est charg\u00e9 d\u2019un service public. En gros, \u00e7a concerne les universit\u00e9s, les h\u00f4pitaux publics ou encore les mus\u00e9es nationaux. Pas contre, ils ont comme seul projet le service qu\u2019ils attribuent !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Et application \ud83e\udd1d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On te cite <strong>quelques cas de r\u00e9partition de comp\u00e9tences<\/strong> entre les r\u00e9gions, d\u00e9partements et communes de notre pays, dans des listes aux petits oignons ! \ud83e\uddc5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une commune g\u00e8re\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf92 Les \u00e9coles maternelles et \u00e9l\u00e9mentaires.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26bd Le d\u00e9veloppement et le fonctionnement des \u00e9quipements sportifs de proximit\u00e9, ce qui regroupe les gymnases, les piscines, etc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf31 Le traitement des d\u00e9chets.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Un d\u00e9partement g\u00e8re\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf92 Les coll\u00e8ges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26bd Le d\u00e9veloppement et le fonctionnement d\u2019\u00e9quipements sportifs dans les coll\u00e8ges.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude8d Les transports scolaires des \u00e9l\u00e8ves en situation de handicap&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une r\u00e9gion g\u00e8re\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udf92 Les lyc\u00e9es publics, les \u00e9tablissements d\u2019\u00e9ducation sp\u00e9ciale, et les lyc\u00e9es professionnels maritimes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26bd Le d\u00e9veloppement et le fonctionnement d\u2019\u00e9quipements sportifs dans les lyc\u00e9es.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\ude8d Les transports scolaires des autres \u00e9l\u00e8ves.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu peux continuer d\u2019\u00e9plucher la r\u00e9partition des comp\u00e9tences dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/tableau-de-competences-novembre2019.pdf\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">le tableau synth\u00e9tique de novembre 2019<\/a>, produit par le minist\u00e8re de l\u2019\u00e9ducation nationale et de la jeunesse. <em>Sorry<\/em>, c\u2019est pas le tableau le plus r\u00e9cent, mais c\u2019est le plus complet ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au fait ! Les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales <strong>sont contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par les autorit\u00e9s d\u00e9concentr\u00e9es<\/strong> ! Du coup, on peut dire que<strong> la d\u00e9centralisation et la d\u00e9concentration sont deux processus distincts, mais qui ont un rapport !<\/strong> \ud83e\udd2f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/aEzjDhjBwBfFC0SPpX\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mec qui dit que rien ne peut les s\u00e9parer. Mais on ne sait pas \u00e0 qui il dit \u00e7a en fait.\" style=\"width:422px;height:422px\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-2.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-2.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-2.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>L&#8217;univers juridique te donne du fil \u00e0 retordre mais tu veux quand m\u00eame avancer ? Trouve ton prof particulier chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les fondations l\u00e9gislatives \ud83e\udeb6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bon, maintenant qu\u2019on a vu comment \u00e7a marche, <strong>on peut se pencher sur le noyau dur <\/strong>du processus :<strong> le c\u00f4t\u00e9 juridique<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude31<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et ce qui est marrant en France, c\u2019est que <strong>la d\u00e9centralisation est s\u00e9par\u00e9e en trois actes<\/strong>, comme une trilogie quoi. Du coup, on va faire comme si c\u2019\u00e9tait vraiment le cas, parce que c\u2019est plus <em>fun<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acte I : le commencement \ud83d\udd25<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Se d\u00e9roulant de 1982 \u00e0 1986, l\u2019acte I regroupe une s\u00e9rie de textes l\u00e9gislatifs et r\u00e9glementaires qui r\u00e9forment le processus de d\u00e9centralisation fran\u00e7ais. Et tout \u00e7a c\u2019est <strong>gr\u00e2ce aux lois Defferree<\/strong> ! Non, t\u2019inqui\u00e8te, on ne s\u2019est pas endormi sur le clavier, tout est normal niveau orthographe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les lois Defferree instaurent la d\u00e9centralisation de l\u2019administration fran\u00e7aise. Elles sont plusieurs, dont on peut te r\u00e9sumer <strong>les points les plus importants ci-dessous<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Loi du 2 mars 1982<\/strong>. Elle supprime le contr\u00f4le du pr\u00e9fet sur les collectivit\u00e9s locales du pays. D\u2019ailleurs, il ne peut plus supprimer les actes administratifs de ces derni\u00e8res : seul le contr\u00f4le de l\u00e9galit\u00e9 est autoris\u00e9, ou alors il doit passer par le juge administratif.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Loi du 7 janvier 1983 et loi du 22 juillet 1983. <\/strong>Elles parlent du transfert de comp\u00e9tences de l\u2019Etat vers les collectivit\u00e9s dans plusieurs domaines : l\u2019urbanisme, la gestion des coll\u00e8ges et lyc\u00e9es, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Loi du 26 janvier 1984. <\/strong>Elle instaure la cr\u00e9ation de la fonction publique territoriale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Etc.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anecdotes politiques \u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udc49 La loi Defferree tient son nom de Gaston Defferree, l\u2019ancien ministre de l\u2019int\u00e9rieur de l\u2019\u00e9poque.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udc49 Les r\u00e9gions sont instaur\u00e9es par la loi du 5 juillet 1972, mais en tant qu\u2019\u00e9tablissements publics. C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce aux articles 59 et 60 de la loi du 2 mars 1982 qu\u2019elles deviennent des collectivit\u00e9s territoriales !\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Globalement, on peut retenir que\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La tutelle de l\u2019Etat sur les collectivit\u00e9s saute<\/strong>, et c\u2019\u00e9tait pas trop t\u00f4t.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les r\u00e9gions sont enfin reconnues comme des collectivit\u00e9s<\/strong>, gr\u00e2ce aux articles de la loi de 82.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>On retrouve enfin l\u2019existence de conseil r\u00e9gional, de conseil d\u00e9partemental, de conseil communal <\/strong>un peu partout dans le pays !&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019Etat transf\u00e8re ses comp\u00e9tences aux collectivit\u00e9s,<\/strong> arr\u00eatant donc de se la jouer <em>solo<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La fonction publique territoriale<\/strong> est instaur\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Pour conna\u00eetre tous les d\u00e9tails, d\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/fiches\/19608-quest-ce-que-lacte-i-de-la-decentralisation-les-lois-defferre\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019acte I de la d\u00e9centralisation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approfondissement \ud83d\udccc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Entre 1999 et 2002, des r\u00e9formes renforcent les dispositions apport\u00e9es par l\u2019acte I. On parle de :<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">la loi du 12 juillet 1999, relative \u00e0 la coop\u00e9ration intercommunale ;<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">la loi du 25 juin 1999, relative \u00e0 l\u2019am\u00e9nagement et le d\u00e9veloppement du territoire ;\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">la loi du 27 f\u00e9vrier 2002, relative \u00e0 la d\u00e9mocratie de proximit\u00e9.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/fAv2n4Tlhshig\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Chien qui s'essuie le visage.\" style=\"width:476px;height:268px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi face \u00e0 toutes ces dates<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acte II : la cons\u00e9cration \ud83d\ude22<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Vu qu\u2019on ne peut pas se contenter d\u2019un seul film, on se sent oblig\u00e9 d\u2019en faire une suite. Et c\u2019est dans ce contexte qu\u2019entre en sc\u00e8ne l\u2019acte II dans le paysage fran\u00e7ais.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oui, on veut faire plus grand, plus fort, plus valide, plus majestueux, plus juridique\u2026 Et du coup, <em>bim<\/em>, \u00e7a s\u2019inscrit dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constitution-1958-conception-laborieuse\/\">la Constitution de 1958<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour \u00e7a, <strong>la loi constitutionnelle du 28 mars 2003<\/strong> entre en jeu. Elle vient<strong> apporter des \u00e9l\u00e9ments au titre XII de la Constitution de 1958,<\/strong> <strong>consacr\u00e9 aux collectivit\u00e9s territoriales<\/strong> en venant le r\u00e9viser. Par ailleurs, elle y arrive avec <strong>l\u2019aide de trois autres lois organiques<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Globalement, on peut retenir que\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 L\u2019article 1er de la Constitution change, <\/strong>car la R\u00e9publique fran\u00e7aise est reconnue comme \u00e9tant d\u00e9centralis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 L\u2019autonomie financi\u00e8re des collectivit\u00e9s est consacr\u00e9e<\/strong>, et \u00e7a concerne aussi bien les recettes que les d\u00e9penses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Le r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum local devient une possibilit\u00e9 pour les collectivit\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Les collectivit\u00e9s peuvent d\u00e9roger \u00e0 des dispositions r\u00e9glementaires et l\u00e9gislatives<\/strong>, mais \u00e0 titre exp\u00e9rimental. Genre elles font des tests quoi, m\u00eame si c\u2019est pas dans les codes de l\u2019administration.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Pour conna\u00eetre la suite, tu peux lire l\u2019article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/fiches\/19609-quest-ce-que-lacte-ii-de-la-decentralisation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u2019acte II de la d\u00e9centralisation<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fact<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> juridique \ud83d\udccc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les lois des actes I, II et III ne sont pas dans un code. Ouais, c\u2019est un peu sp\u00e9cial le secteur public. <\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/zebOFPFcgRdG8\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Compilation de personnes d\u00e9prim\u00e9es, car c'est joyeux\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi qui remarque que ce n&#8217;est toujours pas fini<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Acte III : la rel\u00e8ve \ud83d\ude0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bon l\u00e0, on va se dire que <strong>l\u2019acte est fait pour conclure ce qui n\u2019a pas \u00e9t\u00e9 fait les fois pr\u00e9c\u00e9dentes<\/strong>. Et en soit, c\u2019est vrai, car pas mal de mati\u00e8re a \u00e9t\u00e9 ajout\u00e9e !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019acte III prend place vers<\/strong> le 27 janvier 2014, date de la promulgation de<strong> la loi de la modernisation de l\u2019action publique territoriale et d\u2019affirmation des m\u00e9tropoles<\/strong>, autrement appel\u00e9e <strong>loi MAPTAM<\/strong>. Mais comme d\u2019habitude, <strong>on te cite les plus grosses \u00e9tapes de l\u2019acte<\/strong>, car l\u2019important c\u2019est l&#8217;essentiel, et c\u2019est \u00e7a le principal.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>Loi MAPTAM. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Elle modernise l\u2019action publique et r\u00e9affirme la clause g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de comp\u00e9tence des collectivit\u00e9s. En gros, elle fixe \u00e0 nouveau leurs limites et leurs fonctionnements. Par ailleurs, elle introduit le statut particulier de Paris, Marseille et Lyon !<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>3 juin 2014. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7ois Hollande pr\u00e9sente le projet de r\u00e9forme territoriale. En gros, c\u2019est l\u2019annonce officielle de l\u2019acte III !<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>31 juillet 2015. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les principes de r\u00e9organisation des services de l\u2019Etat dans les nouvelles r\u00e9gions est pr\u00e9sent\u00e9 en Conseil des ministres. Alors, pour ou contre un nouvel am\u00e9nagement ? \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>7 ao\u00fbt 2015. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Promulgation de la <\/span><b>loi portant nouvelle organisation territoriale de la R\u00e9publique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, appel\u00e9e<\/span><b> loi NOTRe<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. Elle apporte de nouvelles comp\u00e9tences aux r\u00e9gions, et supprime la clause g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de comp\u00e9tence pour les d\u00e9partements et les r\u00e9gions. <\/span><b>C\u2019est la loi \u00e0 retenir de l\u2019acte III !<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>25 novembre 2015. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">L\u2019assembl\u00e9e nationale adopte la nouvelle carte de France quant aux r\u00e9gions. Et on peut dire que \u00e7a change pas mal le domaine public ! Surtout visuellement\u2026\ud83d\udc40<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>31 d\u00e9cembre 2015. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le nombre de r\u00e9gions passe de 22 \u00e0 13.<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>29 septembre 2016. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Publication au Journal officiel des d\u00e9crets qui fixent le nom des 7 nouvelles r\u00e9gions cr\u00e9\u00e9es par la r\u00e9forme. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>Globalement, on peut retenir que\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La loi NOTRe <\/strong>confie de nouvelles comp\u00e9tences aux r\u00e9gions, tout en d\u00e9finissant \u00e0 nouveau celles attribu\u00e9es aux autres collectivit\u00e9s.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le d\u00e9coupage des nouvelles r\u00e9gions \u00e0 eu lieu fin 2015<\/strong>. On passe de 22 \u00e0 13 r\u00e9gions en France !&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Pour avoir encore et toujours tous les d\u00e9tails, tu peux lire l\u2019article sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vie-publique.fr\/eclairage\/126857-cconstruction-de-lorganisation-territoriale-de-la-france-chronologie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">construction de l\u2019organisation territoriale de la France.<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Fact<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> politique \ud83d\udccc<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le nouveau d\u00e9coupage de la nouvelle carte de France a eu lieu sous le gouvernement de Manuel Valls, alors Premier ministre.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Approfondissement \ud83d\udd0d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La loi MAPTAM instaure aussi la conf\u00e9rence territoriale de l\u2019action publique, appel\u00e9e aussi CTAP. Cette derni\u00e8re est pr\u00e9sid\u00e9e par le pr\u00e9sident du Conseil r\u00e9gional. Le but est de d\u00e9battre sur des sujets relatifs aux comp\u00e9tences de politique publique.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Pour plus d\u2019informations sur la loi, tu peux te pencher sur cet article qui fait un <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lepetitjuriste.fr\/modernisation-de-laction-publique-retour-sur-la-loi-maptam\/#:~:text=La%20loi%20de%20modernisation%20de,impr%C3%A9cision%20lui%20vaudra%20quelques%20critiques.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">retour sur la loi MAPTAM<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/QNGtIbsXz88V2\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mec qui se craque la nuque\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi enfin \u00e0 la fin de cet article<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bon, on en a fini avec le processus de d\u00e9centralisation fran\u00e7aise ! Alors, tu as kiff\u00e9 ? Tu es pr\u00eat \u00e0 rentrer dans la vie politique d\u00e9sormais ? D\u2019ailleurs, si tu as du mal \u00e0 cerner certains mots de cet article, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 te rapprocher d\u2019un Sherpa afin d\u2019avoir des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit\/online\">cours particuliers de droit en ligne<\/a> ! Sur ces mots, on te dit \u00e0 bient\u00f4t. \ud83d\udc4b&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;266407&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La d\u00e9centralisation, une pr\u00e9sentation en b\u00e9ton ! \ud83d\udcaa&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tu sors d\u2019un cours de droit ? De g\u00e9ographie ? Tu as but\u00e9 sur la notion de d\u00e9centralisation (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":353,"featured_media":266408,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,830,822],"tag":[777],"class_list":["post-266407","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-droit-2","category-geographie","tag-justice"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266407","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/353"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=266407"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/266407\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/266408"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=266407"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=266407"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=266407"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}