{"id":265293,"date":"2026-10-22T17:27:49","date_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:27:49","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=265293"},"modified":"2026-10-27T09:23:29","modified_gmt":"2026-10-27T08:23:29","slug":"lavoisier-chimie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lavoisier-chimie\/","title":{"rendered":"Antoine Lavoisier : le p\u00e8re de la chimie moderne \ud83e\uddea\u200b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Durant la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, <strong>un nom incarne l\u2019esprit audacieux de la science du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle : Lavoisier<\/strong>. N\u00e9 le 26 ao\u00fbt 1743 et guillotin\u00e9 le 8 mai 1794, Antoine Lavoisier est surnomm\u00e9 \u00ab le p\u00e8re de la chimie moderne \u00bb : ses d\u00e9couvertes ont chang\u00e9 notre fa\u00e7on de comprendre la mati\u00e8re. Dans cet article, on retrace le parcours de ce visionnaire, de ses d\u00e9buts en <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/chimie\">chimie<\/a> \u00e0 ses derniers pas sur l\u2019\u00e9chafaud, en passant par ses grandes d\u00e9couvertes expliqu\u00e9es simplement. Pr\u00eat ? C\u2019est parti !\u200b \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qui-est-antoine-lavoisier-sa-biographie-courte\">Qui est Antoine Lavoisier ? Sa biographie courte \ud83e\udeaa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier est un chimiste fran\u00e7ais, n\u00e9 le 26 ao\u00fbt 1743 \u00e0 Paris et mort guillotin\u00e9 dans la m\u00eame ville le 8 mai 1794, \u00e0 50 ans. Fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de m\u00e9tier, il m\u00e8ne en parall\u00e8le des recherches qui font de lui le p\u00e8re de la chimie moderne : r\u00f4le de l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, composition de l\u2019eau, conservation de la masse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u00f4t\u00e9 carri\u00e8re, Lavoisier cumule les fonctions : avocat qui ne plaide jamais, membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences d\u00e8s 1768, collecteur d\u2019imp\u00f4ts \u00e0 la Ferme g\u00e9n\u00e9rale, r\u00e9gisseur des poudres \u00e0 partir de 1775. Au d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1790, il si\u00e8ge aussi \u00e0 la commission charg\u00e9e de cr\u00e9er un syst\u00e8me unique de poids et mesures, d\u2019o\u00f9 sortira le syst\u00e8me m\u00e9trique.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Rien ne se perd, <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">rien ne se cr\u00e9e,<\/span> tout se transforme.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Antoine Lavoisier<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Chimiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-carriere-multidisciplinaire-de-lavoisier\">La carri\u00e8re multidisciplinaire de Lavoisier\u200b \ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-debuts-dun-grand-chimiste\">Les d\u00e9buts d\u2019un grand chimiste\u200b \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83d\udd2c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En cours, tu as s\u00fbrement entendu parler d\u2019Antoine Laurent Lavoisier en tant que<strong> chimiste renomm\u00e9, grand philosophe ou encore \u00e9conomiste fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>. Mais avant d\u2019\u00eatre associ\u00e9 \u00e0 ces disciplines, Lavoisier en a fait du chemin (comme tout le monde, quoi\u200b \ud83d\ude0e) !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-1-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-1.mp4\" width=\"484\" height=\"476\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 484 \/ 476;max-width:100%;width:348px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"Un oiseau danse sur une table.\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Lavoisier entre dans la place !<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 26 ao\u00fbt 1743, date de sa naissance, il est baptis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique de Saint-Merri dans le 4\u1d49 arrondissement de Paris. \u00c9tant n\u00e9 dans une famille ais\u00e9e,<strong> Lavoisier fait partie des enfants privil\u00e9gi\u00e9s <\/strong>qui ont acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une tr\u00e8s bonne \u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udd0e Zoom sur les parents<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li><strong>Jean-Antoine Lavoisier :<\/strong> devenu <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/metier-davocat\/\">avocat<\/a> au Parlement de Paris.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00c9milie Punctis :<\/strong> \u00e9tant d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9e jeune, son fils h\u00e9rite de la fortune familiale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 En 1754, \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e2ge de onze ans,<strong> le jeune gar\u00e7on int\u00e8gre le coll\u00e8ge des Quatre-Nations \u00e0 Paris<\/strong>, nomm\u00e9 ainsi en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 ces r\u00e9gions : l&rsquo;Artois, l&rsquo;Alsace, Pignerol et le Roussillon. L\u00e0-bas, il \u00e9tudie plusieurs mati\u00e8res qui contribueront \u00e0 fa\u00e7onner sa future carri\u00e8re. \u00c0 savoir :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>la chimie ;<\/li>\n<li>la botanique ;<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019astronomie ;<\/li>\n<li>et les math\u00e9matiques.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1761, il ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas en si bon chemin et <strong>s\u2019inscrit \u00e0 la Facult\u00e9 de droit civil et canonique<\/strong>, une \u00e9cole destin\u00e9e \u00e0 la recherche, \u00e0 l&rsquo;enseignement et \u00e0 la formation. On sent que son p\u00e8re \u00e9tait en droit, tu ne trouves pas ?\u200b \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir obtenu le bac dans cette facult\u00e9 eccl\u00e9siastique, <strong>Lavoisier d\u00e9croche en 1764 une licence en droit <\/strong>qui lui permet de s&rsquo;inscrire au barreau de Paris. Cependant, il ne plaidera jamais devant les tribunaux. Comme quoi, le m\u00e9tier d\u2019avocat, ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas son truc !\u200b \ud83d\ude45<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Lorsqu\u2019il \u00e9tudie le droit et s\u2019int\u00e9resse aux sciences naturelles, <strong>Paris est impr\u00e9gn\u00e9e d\u2019un esprit encyclop\u00e9dique<\/strong>, soit un engouement pour la connaissance, la science et la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/programme-philosophie-terminale-generale\/\">philosophie<\/a>. Toutes les conditions \u00e9taient r\u00e9unies pour piquer son int\u00e9r\u00eat au vif !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode qu\u2019il lit le <em>Dictionnaire de la chimie <\/em>de Pierre Macquer et commence ses travaux scientifiques. Il pr\u00e9sente ses premi\u00e8res \u00e9tudes<strong> lors d&rsquo;une conf\u00e9rence \u00e0 l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie des sciences <\/strong>en 1764 et r\u00e9v\u00e8le son engagement pr\u00e9coce dans la chimie exp\u00e9rimentale.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Autres \u00e9v\u00e9nements marquants<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>Il est laur\u00e9at du concours de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences,<\/li>\n<li>il est reconnu pour un essai sur l&rsquo;\u00e9clairage public,<\/li>\n<li>il re\u00e7oit au nom du roi une m\u00e9daille d&rsquo;or,<\/li>\n<li>il assiste Jean-\u00c9tienne Guettard, un botaniste,<\/li>\n<li>il est parrain\u00e9 par Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau,<\/li>\n<li>il est \u00e9lu membre de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences le 18 mai 1768.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En l\u2019espace de quelques ann\u00e9es seulement, Lavoisier passe de collaborateur de Jean-\u00c9tienne Guettard \u00e0 <strong>chimiste si\u00e9geant au Louvre <\/strong>\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de vingt-quatre ans.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Chimie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n      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<div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">prof particulier<\/span> de chimie ? \u2728<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-hautes-responsabilites-de-lavoisier-%e2%86%97\">Les hautes responsabilit\u00e9s de Lavoisier \u2197\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-fonction-de-fermier-general\">La fonction de fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral\u200b \ud83d\udcb0<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s ses \u00e9tudes, Lavoisier se pose la fameuse question : que faire maintenant ? \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, plusieurs choses vont marquer son parcours. En 1768,<strong> il devient l\u2019adjoint du fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Baudon<\/strong> avant de devenir fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral titulaire en 1779.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-2-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-2.mp4\" width=\"266\" height=\"320\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 266 \/ 320;max-width:100%;width:319px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"Un fermier danse dans l'herbe.\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Tu t\u2019en doutes, cette profession n\u2019a rien \u00e0 voir avec le fait de ramasser de la paille ou de nourrir des animaux. Il s\u2019agissait plut\u00f4t d\u2019<strong>une haute fonction dans les finances<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>Les fermiers g\u00e9n\u00e9raux collectaient des imp\u00f4ts pour l&rsquo;\u00c9tat.<\/li>\n<li>Chaque fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral s\u2019occupait d\u2019une r\u00e9gion sp\u00e9cifique.<\/li>\n<li>Occuper ce poste \u00e9tait synonyme d\u2019\u00e9lite financi\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<li>Ils recevaient des commissions sur les revenus fiscaux collect\u00e9s.<\/li>\n<li>Lavoisier \u00e9tait charg\u00e9 de lutter contre la contrebande de tabac.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour lui, ce travail \u00e9tait une aubaine puisqu\u2019il lui a fourni <strong>des ressources financi\u00e8res qui lui ont permis de poursuivre ses travaux <\/strong>et ses exp\u00e9riences en <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-travailler-la-chimie-en-prepa-scientifique\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"188892\">chimie<\/a>. Il a notamment pu faire construire des balances d\u2019une grande pr\u00e9cision, capables de peser des gaz.\u200b \ud83e\udd29<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Pendant la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/dates-revolution-francaise\/\">R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/a>, <strong>les fermiers g\u00e9n\u00e9raux \u00e9taient tr\u00e8s impopulaires<\/strong>, car ils \u00e9taient li\u00e9s \u00e0 un syst\u00e8me fiscal injuste, in\u00e9quitable et monarchique. Cette position portera d\u2019ailleurs pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 Lavoisier, mais \u00e7a, tu le verras apr\u00e8s\u2026<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant quelques ann\u00e9es, ses hautes responsabilit\u00e9s l\u2019\u00e9cartent de ses recherches, m\u00eame s\u2019il ne les abandonne pas. Pour le soutenir, <strong>Marie-Anne Pierrette Paulze, son \u00e9pouse depuis 1771<\/strong>, devient sa pr\u00e9cieuse collaboratrice scientifique. Elle l\u2019aide en traduisant des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/livre-en-anglais-facile\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"208048\">livres anglais<\/a>, en dessinant des instruments de laboratoire, etc. \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udcdc <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/jules-verne\/\">Jules Verne<\/a> : le portrait d&rsquo;un visionnaire !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-regisseur-des-poudres\">Le r\u00e9gisseur des poudres\u200b \ud83d\udca5<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1775, Anne-Robert-Jacques Turgot, baron de l&rsquo;Aulne, \u00e9conomiste et homme politique fran\u00e7ais, fait de <strong>Lavoisier LE r\u00e9gisseur des poudres et salp\u00eatres<\/strong>. Le salp\u00eatre est une couche de nitrates qui sert \u00e0 fabriquer de la poudre explosive. Eh oui, rien que \u00e7a !\u200b \ud83d\ude33<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-3-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-3.mp4\" width=\"500\" height=\"374\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 500 \/ 374;max-width:100%;width:428px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"Dexter court dans son labo, les cheveux en feu.\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Lavoisier et ses nouveaux stagiaires.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour surveiller la production et la gestion des explosifs, il r\u00e9side \u00e0 l&rsquo;Arsenal de Paris, un d\u00e9p\u00f4t de munitions et d&rsquo;armes de guerre royal. En plus du logement, <strong>on met \u00e0 sa disposition un laboratoire <\/strong>(c\u2019est Dexter \u00e0 ce stade).<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\u2b50 La contribution de Lavoisier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>Il am\u00e9liore la qualit\u00e9 et la stabilit\u00e9 des explosifs,<\/li>\n<li>il m\u00e8ne des recherches sur la composition de la poudre \u00e0 canon,<\/li>\n<li>il \u00e9tablit des mesures de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 pour \u00e9viter les accidents,<\/li>\n<li>ses travaux contribuent \u00e0 moderniser la production d&rsquo;explosifs en France.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Lavoisier a aussi utilis\u00e9 ce labo pour poursuivre ses propres recherches. C\u2019est ce qui conduira finalement \u00e0 certaines de <strong>ses d\u00e9couvertes les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres en chimie<\/strong>. De quelles d\u00e9couvertes parle-t-on ? Voyons \u00e7a tout de suite !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udca3 D\u00e9couvre la v\u00e9ritable histoire de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/bombe-atomique\/\">bombe atomique<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"un-chimiste-visionnaire-et-revolutionnaire\">Un chimiste visionnaire et r\u00e9volutionnaire \u2728<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9couvertes de Lavoisier tiennent en quatre id\u00e9es : la combustion est une combinaison avec l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne, l\u2019air et l\u2019eau ne sont pas des \u00e9l\u00e9ments, la masse se conserve au cours des r\u00e9actions chimiques et chaque substance m\u00e9rite un nom logique. Pour arriver \u00e0 ces r\u00e9sultats, il p\u00e8se tout ce qui entre et sort de ses exp\u00e9riences avec des balances tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9cises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-combustion-et-loxydation\">La combustion et l&rsquo;oxydation\u200b \u200b\ud83d\udd25<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1770, <strong>Lavoisier entreprend des recherches cruciales sur la combustion<\/strong>, un processus chimique dans lequel une substance r\u00e9agit avec de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne pour produire de la chaleur. En travaillant l\u00e0-dessus, il se risque \u00e0 remettre en question une croyance largement accept\u00e9e \u00e0 son \u00e9poque : la th\u00e9orie du phlogistique.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Explication<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Selon cette th\u00e9orie (r\u00e9volue, hein !), les corps inflammables renferment un \u00ab \u00e9l\u00e9ment-flamme \u00bb, nomm\u00e9 \u00ab phlogiston \u00bb. Cette substance invisible et inodore est <strong>responsable de la combustion<\/strong> et s\u2019\u00e9chappe sous forme de feu et de lumi\u00e8re. On dirait de la magie dit comme \u00e7a, non ?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 D\u2019apr\u00e8s Lavoisier,<strong> la combustion n&rsquo;\u00e9tait pas due \u00e0 la lib\u00e9ration de phlogiston<\/strong>, mais plut\u00f4t \u00e0 une r\u00e9action chimique n\u00e9e de la rencontre entre l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne de l&rsquo;air et une substance combustible.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83e\uddea L\u2019exp\u00e9rience de Lavoisier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>D\u00e9terminer la masse d\u2019une quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9tain (exp\u00e9rience de 1774),<\/li>\n<li>placer l\u2019\u00e9tain dans un r\u00e9cipient ferm\u00e9 et herm\u00e9tique, rempli d\u2019air,<\/li>\n<li>chauffer l\u2019\u00e9tain pour provoquer sa calcination (une combustion lente),<\/li>\n<li>peser \u00e0 nouveau le contenu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En proc\u00e9dant ainsi, Lavoisier a pu voir que<strong> la masse totale \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur du r\u00e9cipient \u00e9tait la m\u00eame qu&rsquo;au d\u00e9but de l&rsquo;exp\u00e9rience<\/strong>. Cette observation a permis de r\u00e9futer la th\u00e9orie du phlogistique qui mettait en avant que la combustion impliquait une perte de masse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-4-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-4.mp4\" width=\"400\" height=\"272\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 400 \/ 272;max-width:100%;width:446px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"Une marionnette attend dans les flammes.\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les adeptes de la th\u00e9orie du phlogistique.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour toi, ces infos sont peut-\u00eatre basiques, mais pour l\u2019\u00e9poque, <strong>ces d\u00e9couvertes \u00e9taient r\u00e9volutionnaires<\/strong>. Lavoisier a pos\u00e9 les bases de la chimie moderne et a marqu\u00e9 le d\u00e9but d\u2019une v\u00e9ritable r\u00e9volution chimique !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udc89 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-pasteur\/\">Louis Pasteur<\/a> : d\u00e9couverte d&rsquo;un vaccin, mais pas que !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"oxygene-et-hydrogene-la-composition-de-leau-et-de-lair\">Oxyg\u00e8ne et hydrog\u00e8ne : la composition de l\u2019eau et de l\u2019air\u200b \ud83d\udca7<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lavoisier n\u2019est pas le premier \u00e0 <strong>isoler l\u2019oxyg\u00e8ne ou l\u2019hydrog\u00e8ne, <\/strong>mais il comprend leur r\u00f4le. En octobre 1774, l\u2019Anglais Joseph Priestley lui d\u00e9crit un \u00ab air d\u00e9phlogistiqu\u00e9 \u00bb obtenu en chauffant de l\u2019oxyde de mercure : Lavoisier y voit un \u00e9l\u00e9ment, qu\u2019il nomme oxyg\u00e8ne. En 1783, il montre que l\u2019eau associe oxyg\u00e8ne et hydrog\u00e8ne, le gaz isol\u00e9 par Cavendish.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Pour t\u2019aider, voici un petit r\u00e9cap :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1990\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1990\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\"><\/td><th class=\"column-2\">Air<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Eau<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Composants principaux<br \/>\n<br \/>\n<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Dioxyg\u00e8ne (O2)<br \/>\nAzote (N2)<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Dioxyg\u00e8ne (O2)<br \/>\nHydrog\u00e8ne (H2)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1990 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>En \u00e9tudiant la respiration des \u00eatres vivants, <strong>le chimiste identifie aussi le r\u00f4le central de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne dans ce processus<\/strong>. Il comprend que les \u00eatres vivants inhalent de l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne et expirent du dioxyde de carbone lorsqu\u2019ils respirent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour mesurer la chaleur produite par un animal, Lavoisier s\u2019associe au math\u00e9maticien Pierre-Simon de Laplace. Les deux savants mettent au point un calorim\u00e8tre \u00e0 glace : un cochon d\u2019Inde est plac\u00e9 dans une enceinte entour\u00e9e de glace, et la masse de glace fondue indique la chaleur d\u00e9gag\u00e9e. Leur M\u00e9moire sur la chaleur (1783) montre que respirer revient \u00e0 une combustion lente.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83e\uddea L\u2019exp\u00e9rience de Lavoisier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans son <em>Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de chimie<\/em> (1789), il d\u00e9crit une exp\u00e9rience qu&rsquo;il a men\u00e9e avec un matras (un vase). Apr\u00e8s avoir introduit du mercure \u00e0 l\u2019int\u00e9rieur,<strong> il s\u2019est produit une transformation chimique<\/strong>. Le dioxyg\u00e8ne de l&rsquo;air a r\u00e9agi avec le mercure pour cr\u00e9er une substance rouge appel\u00e9e oxyde de mercure, not\u00e9e HgO.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses recherches sur l&rsquo;O2 et le CO2, Lavoisier a donc compris que<strong> la mati\u00e8re \u00e9tait constitu\u00e9e d&rsquo;esp\u00e8ces chimiques et non d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments <\/strong>(feu, terre, eau et air) comme les anciens chimistes le croyaient.\u200b \ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 \u200bPlus tard, ses exp\u00e9riences sur le dioxyde de carbone aboutiront m\u00eame \u00e0 la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre loi de Lavoisier, loi qu\u2019on va te pr\u00e9senter maintenant !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a rel=\"nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/funnel-student-qualification\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/alex-kondratiev-H9t723yPjYI-unsplash-e1614706136333.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/alex-kondratiev-H9t723yPjYI-unsplash-e1614706136333.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/alex-kondratiev-H9t723yPjYI-unsplash-e1614706136333.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Annales de chimie CCP\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d\u2019aide en chimie ? On te re\u00e7oit cinq sur cinq ! Contacte un Sherpa et \u00e9tablissez ensemble un programme adapt\u00e9 \u00e0 100% \u00e0 tes besoins. \u200b\ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Cartonne en chimie\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quest-ce-que-la-loi-de-lavoisier\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la loi de Lavoisier ? \u2696\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La loi de Lavoisier, ou loi de conservation de la masse, dit qu\u2019au cours d\u2019une transformation chimique en r\u00e9cipient ferm\u00e9, la masse totale des produits est \u00e9gale \u00e0 celle des r\u00e9actifs. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments se r\u00e9arrangent, mais aucun n\u2019appara\u00eet ni ne dispara\u00eet. Lavoisier pose ce principe dans son Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de chimie, publi\u00e9 en 1789.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Rien ne se perd, <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">rien ne se cr\u00e9e,<\/span> tout se transforme.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Antoine Lavoisier<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Chimiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette formule c\u00e9l\u00e8bre n\u2019a jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crite telle quelle par Lavoisier : c\u2019est une paraphrase de son Trait\u00e9, o\u00f9 il affirme que \u00ab rien ne se cr\u00e9e, ni dans les op\u00e9rations de l\u2019art, ni dans celles de la nature \u00bb. Elle r\u00e9sume bien l\u2019id\u00e9e de la loi : dans un syst\u00e8me ferm\u00e9,<strong> la masse totale reste constante<\/strong>. Lorsqu\u2019une substance subit une transformation, elle peut changer de forme ou de composition, mais la masse totale ne change pas. En d\u2019autres termes, rien ne se perd et rien ne se cr\u00e9e !\u200b \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 La conservation de la mati\u00e8re dans un changement physique et chimique :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1991\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1991\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Exp\u00e9rience physique<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Exp\u00e9rience chimique<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">On p\u00e8se un bocal rempli de gla\u00e7ons. Une fois la glace fondue, on (re)p\u00e8se et on voit que la masse totale est toujours la m\u00eame.<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">On chauffe de la poudre de cuivre (orange \u00e0 l\u2019origine) et on voit qu\u2019elle devient noire et granuleuse \u00e0 la fin de la combustion.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1991 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>Dans ces deux cas,<strong> tu obtiens un r\u00e9sultat diff\u00e9rent de ta formule initiale, mais la masse reste la m\u00eame<\/strong>. La glace devient de l\u2019eau, et le cuivre se combine au dioxyg\u00e8ne de l\u2019air pour former de l\u2019oxyde de cuivre noir : la masse de ce produit est \u00e9gale \u00e0 celle du cuivre et du dioxyg\u00e8ne consomm\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Chimie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                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                     <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> de chimie est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-nomenclature-des-elements-chimiques\">La nomenclature des \u00e9l\u00e9ments chimiques\u200b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1787, l\u2019\u00e9diteur Cuchet publie <em>M\u00e9thode de nomenclature chimique<\/em>, un trait\u00e9 \u00e9crit par Antoine Lavoisier avec Louis-Bernard Guyton de Morveau, Claude Louis Berthollet et Antoine-Fran\u00e7ois de Fourcroy. Ce livre est une p\u00e9pite puisqu\u2019il propose<strong> la premi\u00e8re m\u00e9thode pour nommer les substances chimiques de fa\u00e7on logique, \u00e0 partir <\/strong>des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui les composent : c\u2019est de l\u00e0 que viennent des noms comme \u00ab acide sulfurique \u00bb ou \u00ab sulfate \u00bb. \ud83d\uddd3\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Dans ce tableau, tu trouves six colonnes principales :<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ol>\n<li>Substances non d\u00e9compos\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<li>Mises \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat de gaz par le calorique.<\/li>\n<li>Combin\u00e9es avec l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/li>\n<li>Oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9es gazeuses.<\/li>\n<li>Oxyg\u00e9n\u00e9es avec bases.<\/li>\n<li>Combin\u00e9es sans \u00eatre port\u00e9es \u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9tat d&rsquo;acide.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu ne comprends rien ? C\u2019est normal ! Ces qualifications peuvent te sembler d\u00e9routantes, car <strong>elles sont sp\u00e9cifiques \u00e0 la nomenclature chimique de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque<\/strong>. Elles ne correspondent plus \u00e0 notre compr\u00e9hension moderne des bases de la chimie. Pour en savoir plus, tu peux prendre des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/chimie\/online\">cours particuliers de chimie en ligne<\/a> !\u200b \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 D\u00e9cortiquons ces colonnes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ol>\n<li>Substances chimiques consid\u00e9r\u00e9es comme des \u00e9l\u00e9ments indivisibles.<\/li>\n<li>Substances solides, liquides ou gazeuses sous l\u2019effet de la chaleur.<\/li>\n<li>Substances pouvant \u00eatre combin\u00e9es avec l&rsquo;oxyg\u00e8ne.<\/li>\n<li>Substances formant des compos\u00e9s gazeux.<\/li>\n<li>Substances pouvant \u00eatre qualifi\u00e9es de \u00ab bases \u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>Substances pouvant former des compos\u00e9s sans devenirs des acides.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83e\uddea Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tableau-de-mendeleiev\/\">tableau p\u00e9riodique de Mendele\u00efev<\/a> : enfin expliqu\u00e9 !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mort-hommage-et-heritage\">Mort, hommage et h\u00e9ritage \ud83d\udcab<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-lavoisier\">Comment Lavoisier<\/h3> est-il mort ?\n\n\n\n<p>Antoine Lavoisier est mort guillotin\u00e9 le 8 mai 1794 \u00e0 Paris, place de la R\u00e9volution (l\u2019actuelle place de la Concorde), \u00e0 50 ans. Ce ne sont pas ses travaux qui le condamnent, mais son pass\u00e9 de fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral : sous la Terreur, ces anciens collecteurs d\u2019imp\u00f4ts du roi sont accus\u00e9s d\u2019avoir trahi la nation et vol\u00e9 le peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Les dates cl\u00e9s<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li><strong>1792 :<\/strong> Lavoisier est expuls\u00e9 de son laboratoire de l\u2019Arsenal.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1793 :<\/strong> la Convention arr\u00eate les membres de la Ferme g\u00e9n\u00e9rale.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1793-1794 :<\/strong> Lavoisier se constitue prisonnier le 28 novembre 1793 et passe plus de cinq mois en prison avant son proc\u00e8s.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 8 mai 1794 (19 flor\u00e9al an II), <strong>Lavoisier est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort et accus\u00e9 de conspiration<\/strong> contre la R\u00e9volution, puis guillotin\u00e9 le jour m\u00eame avec 27 autres anciens fermiers g\u00e9n\u00e9raux. Comme on te l\u2019a dit, le m\u00e9tier de fermier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral n\u2019avait pas la cote pendant la R\u00e9volution. Ceux qui l\u2019exer\u00e7aient \u00e9taient per\u00e7us comme des tra\u00eetres qui affamaient le peuple.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-5-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/lavoisier-chimie-gif-5.mp4\" width=\"480\" height=\"362\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 480 \/ 362;max-width:100%;width:448px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"Un juge rend son verdict avec un marteau\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Le juge avant que Lavoisier n&rsquo;ait ouvert la bouche.<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Malgr\u00e9 tout, le m\u00e9decin Jean No\u00ebl Hall\u00e9 pr\u00e9sentera aux juges un rapport qui \u00e9num\u00e8re les services rendus par le chimiste \u00e0 la patrie. On appr\u00e9cie le geste, mais ce ne sera pas suffisant. Jean-Baptiste <strong>Coffinhal-Dubail, qui pr\u00e9side l\u2019audience du Tribunal r\u00e9volutionnaire, prononcera la peine capitale : la guillotine<\/strong>. La phrase qu\u2019on lui pr\u00eate ci-dessous est, selon la notice de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie des sciences, un \u00ab mot l\u00e9gendaire \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #0000ff\">La R\u00e9publique n&rsquo;a pas besoin de savants<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">;<\/span> il faut que la justice suive son cours.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Coffinhal-Dubail<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Juriste et r\u00e9volutionnaire<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 9 mai 1794, <strong>Joseph Louis de Lagrange, math\u00e9maticien et astronome<\/strong>, dira \u00e0 son confr\u00e8re Jean-Baptiste Joseph Delambre qu\u2019il \u00ab ne leur a fallu qu&rsquo;un moment pour faire tomber cette t\u00eate et cent ann\u00e9es peut-\u00eatre ne suffiront pas pour en reproduire une semblable \u00bb.\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\ud83d\ude80 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/katherine-johnson\/\">Katherine Johnson<\/a>\u00a0: la scientifique sortie de l\u2019ombre !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-reconnaissance-eternelle\">Une reconnaissance \u00e9ternelle \u2b50<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"slider\">\n    <div >\n        <div class=\"slider__container\">\n            <div class=\"swiper\">\n                <div class=\"slider__header\">\n                    <div class=\"slider__header-title\">\n                                                <p><p>Quelques hommages en images !<\/p>\n<\/p>\n                                            <\/div>\n\n                    <div class=\"slider__header-navigation\">\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-arrow slider__header-navigation-arrow--prev\">\n                            <svg>\n                                <use\n                                    xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#navigation-left\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-pages\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-arrow slider__header-navigation-arrow--next\">\n                            <svg>\n                                <use\n                                    xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#navigation-right\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <span class=\"toggle-fullscreen\" data-modal=\"72967\"><svg\n                                xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" height=\"24px\" viewBox=\"0 -960 960 960\"\n                                width=\"24px\" fill=\"black\">\n                                <path\n                                    d=\"M120-120v-200h80v120h120v80H120Zm520 0v-80h120v-120h80v200H640ZM120-640v-200h200v80H200v120h-80Zm640 0v-120H640v-80h200v200h-80Z\" \/>\n                            <\/svg><\/span>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                                <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <picture>\n\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-Tour-Eiffel.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <\/picture>\n                                    <p>Le nom de Lavoisier est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel, fa\u00e7ade Trocad\u00e9ro.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <picture>\n\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-Paris.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <\/picture>\n                                    <p>Lavoisier est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;H\u00f4tel de Ville de la capitale.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <picture>\n\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lune-Lavoisier.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <\/picture>\n                                    <p>En 1935, l&rsquo;Union astronomique internationale a donn\u00e9 son nom \u00e0 un crat\u00e8re lunaire.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <picture>\n\n                                        <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-musee.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <\/picture>\n                                    <p>Un buste de Lavoisier est install\u00e9 dans le mus\u00e9e de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n<div class=\"modal-slider modal--resource hide\" id=\"72967\">\n    <div class=\"modal__container\">\n        <div class=\"modal--close\" data-modal=\"72967\">\n            Fermer\n            <svg width=\"24\" height=\"24\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\">\n                <path\n                    d=\"M19 6.41L17.59 5L12 10.59L6.41 5L5 6.41L10.59 12L5 17.59L6.41 19L12 13.41L17.59 19L19 17.59L13.41 12L19 6.41Z\"\n                    fill=\"black\" fill-opacity=\"0.64\" \/>\n            <\/svg>\n        <\/div>\n        <section class=\"slider\">\n            <div class=\"swiper\">\n\n                                    <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                                                                                                <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-Tour-Eiffel.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <p>Le nom de Lavoisier est inscrit sur la tour Eiffel, fa\u00e7ade Trocad\u00e9ro.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-Paris.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <p>Lavoisier est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 sur l&rsquo;H\u00f4tel de Ville de la capitale.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lune-Lavoisier.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <p>En 1935, l&rsquo;Union astronomique internationale a donn\u00e9 son nom \u00e0 un crat\u00e8re lunaire.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                                                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Lavoisier-musee.jpg\" alt=\"Lavoisier\">\n                                    <p>Un buste de Lavoisier est install\u00e9 dans le mus\u00e9e de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                        <\/div>\n                                <div class=\"slider__header\">\n\n\n                    <div class=\"slider__header-navigation\">\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-arrow slider__header-navigation-arrow--prev\">\n                            <svg>\n                                <use\n                                    xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#navigation-left\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-pages\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"slider__header-navigation-arrow slider__header-navigation-arrow--next\">\n                            <svg>\n                                <use\n                                    xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#navigation-right\" \/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/section>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"modal-receiver\">\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"linfluence-de-lavoisier\">L&rsquo;influence de Lavoisier\u200b \ud83d\udcd6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En partant, Lavoisier a laiss\u00e9 derri\u00e8re lui <strong>de nombreux \u00e9crits et travaux essentiels<\/strong> dans divers domaines. Voici quelques exemples d\u2019ouvrages :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca7 <strong>G\u00e9ologie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Instruction sur l&rsquo;\u00e9tablissement des nitri\u00e8res et sur la fabrication du salp\u00eatre <\/em>(1777)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Analyse de l&rsquo;eau du lac asphaltite<\/em> (1778)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udd25 <strong>Thermique<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>M\u00e9moire sur la chaleur<\/em> (1780)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Rapport fait \u00e0 l&rsquo;Acad\u00e9mie des sciences, sur la machine a\u00e9rostatique<\/em> (1783)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83e\uddea <strong>Chimie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Opuscules physiques et chimiques<\/em> (1774)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Consid\u00e9rations g\u00e9n\u00e9rales sur la nature des acides<\/em> (1778)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Essai d&rsquo;un art de fusion \u00e0 l&rsquo;aide de l&rsquo;air du feu ou air vital<\/em> (1787)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>Trait\u00e9 \u00e9l\u00e9mentaire de chimie<\/em> (1789)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udcb0 <strong>\u00c9conomie<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>De la richesse territoriale du royaume de France<\/em> (1791)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>De l&rsquo;\u00e9tat des finances de France<\/em> (1792)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270d\ufe0f <strong>Posthumes<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Collection de divers ouvrages d&rsquo;arithm\u00e9tique politique<\/em> (1796)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><em>M\u00e9moires de physique et de chimie<\/em> (1805)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que tu sais tout sur Antoine Laurent Lavoisier, alias \u00ab le p\u00e8re de la chimie moderne \u00bb, il ne te reste plus qu\u2019\u00e0 parler \u00e0 tes amis de l\u2019incroyable (et tragique) parcours de ce chimiste audacieux. Si tu veux <strong>en savoir plus sur les autres savants de la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/strong>, tu peux prendre des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours particuliers d&rsquo;histoire<\/a>. \u00c0 bient\u00f4t !\u200b \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;265293&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.9&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.9\\\/5 - (11 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Antoine Lavoisier : le p\u00e8re de la chimie moderne \ud83e\uddea\u200b&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;139.6&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 139.6px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.9\/5 - (11 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Durant la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, un nom incarne l\u2019esprit audacieux de la science du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle : Lavoisier. N\u00e9 (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":329,"featured_media":265349,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,812],"tag":[358,781],"class_list":["post-265293","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-physique-chimie-2","tag-france","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265293","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/329"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=265293"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/265293\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/265349"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=265293"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=265293"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=265293"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}