{"id":264803,"date":"2023-09-27T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-27T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=264803"},"modified":"2023-10-16T14:01:55","modified_gmt":"2023-10-16T12:01:55","slug":"guerre-irreguliere","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-irreguliere\/","title":{"rendered":"Guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re : une nouvelle tendance dans nos affrontements \ud83d\udde1\ufe0f !\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le conflit c\u2019est tout un art \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfa8. Toi qui \u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien occup\u00e9 \u00e0 apprendre les subtilit\u00e9s des diff\u00e9rentes guerres \u00ab classiques \u00bb qui ont marqu\u00e9 le cours de l\u2019histoire, voil\u00e0 que tu d\u00e9couvres que <strong>des conflits peuvent \u00eatre irr\u00e9guliers<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rassure-toi les <strong>guerres irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res ne seront plus un myst\u00e8re<\/strong> et tu pourras te servir du terme ais\u00e9ment dans tes copies \u270d\ufe0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allez, aiguise ton \u00e9p\u00e9e jeune soldat, cette notion te sera d\u2019une grande utilit\u00e9 pour tes prochains <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours d\u2019histoire<\/a> et\/ou de g\u00e9opolitique \ud83e\udd3a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lorigine-du-terme\">L\u2019origine du terme \ud83d\udc76<\/h2>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udcdc D\u00e9finition<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re est <\/span><b>une lutte violente parmi des acteurs \u00e9tatiques et non \u00e9tatiques<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> pour obtenir l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et influence sur certaines populations.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour mieux comprendre ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne, il faut revenir aux origines du terme et remonter dans le temps pour voir comment d\u2019anciens soldats et penseurs ont r\u00e9fl\u00e9chi<strong> aux guerres et \u00e0 leurs nouvelles tendances<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-penseurs-de-la-guerre-irreguliere\">Les penseurs de la guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Sun Tzu (militaire et auteur chinois) dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/art-guerre-sun-tzu\/\"><em>l\u2019Art de la guerre<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>parlait d\u00e9j\u00e0 de guerres asym\u00e9triques. Le penseur chinois, lui, exprimait l\u2019asym\u00e9trie dans son sens le plus pur, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire<strong> un rapport de force in\u00e9gal entre deux clans<\/strong> qui n\u2019ont les m\u00eames moyens \u00e0 disposition \ud83d\ude22.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus tard, Carl Von Clausewitz (un militaire prussien du XVIIIe-XIXe si\u00e8cle) participera aux affrontements napol\u00e9oniens et \u00e9crira un ouvrage, <em>De la guerre,<\/em> afin d\u2019<strong>analyser la guerre dans sa globalit\u00e9<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il pense que l<strong>es mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque de Napol\u00e9on ont fait na\u00eetre un nouveau type d\u2019affrontements<\/strong>. Ils ne sont plus seulement l\u2019affaire d\u2019un gouvernement ou de militaires, mais deviennent <strong>des conflits arm\u00e9s qui concernent le peuple<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un peuple qui se r\u00e9volte face \u00e0 l\u2019ennemi \ud83d\udc7f.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>La guerre n&rsquo;est que la <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">simple continuation<\/span> de la <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">politique par d&rsquo;autres moyens.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Carl Von Clausewitz<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-specificites-de-ce-type-de-conflit\">Les sp\u00e9cificit\u00e9s de ce type de conflit \ud83d\udde1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0C\u2019est quoi une guerre dite \u00ab conventionnelle <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00bb<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> ?<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Cela se d\u00e9roule entre deux pays ennemis qui se battent pour un d\u00e9saccord ou pour conqu\u00e9rir un territoire.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><em>A contrario<\/em>, une guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re inclut des combattants irr\u00e9guliers, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire non \u00e9tatiques, qui ne repr\u00e9sentent ni un pays ni un \u00e9tat.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce nouveau type de conflits r\u00e9pond donc \u00e0 3 crit\u00e8res :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\ude96 Des groupes n\u2019appartenant pas \u00e0 un \u00c9tat y sont engag\u00e9s ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcdc Ils n\u2019ont pas de cadre juridique, aucune d\u00e9claration officielle,&nbsp; aucun trait\u00e9 n\u2019est sign\u00e9 ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd4a <strong>Le motif de la guerre est id\u00e9ologique<\/strong>, on se bat pour une cause religieuse, sociale, pour un symbole.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le combattant irr\u00e9gulier conteste par sa seule action la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 du r\u00e9gime ou du mod\u00e8le en place.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-8.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res en Histoire ? Trouve ton prof particulier chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Choisis ton prof !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-guerre-irreguliere-une-nouvelle-forme-de-conflit-dans-nos-cultures-modernes\">La guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re : une nouvelle forme de conflit dans nos cultures modernes \ud83c\udf39<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En effet, on a vu que <strong>la naissance de la notion d\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 ou bien d\u2019asym\u00e9trie est n\u00e9e il y a bien longtemps.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais finalement le terme \u00ab guerres irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res \u00bb a \u00e9t\u00e9 attribu\u00e9 pour la premi\u00e8re fois seulement pour les insurrections de la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-fin-des-affrontements-classiques\">La fin des affrontements classiques \ud83d\uded1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\">La Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/a> aura eu raison des gouvernements.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fatigu\u00e9s de combattre par amour du pouvoir et qu\u00eate de territoire voisin, <strong>quasiment plus aucun conflit ne verra directement s\u2019affronter deux, ou plusieurs, camps \u00e9tatiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, il faut noter l\u2019importance de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/bombe-atomique\/\">bombe atomique<\/a> dans l\u2019\u00e9quation. Cette arme est effectivement devenue une force de dissuasion sans appel.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-froide\/\">Guerre froide<\/a> mettra en avant le fait<strong> que deux \u00c9tats, nucl\u00e9airement \u00e9quip\u00e9s, ne peuvent en aucun cas rentrer dans un conflit arm\u00e9<\/strong>, par risque que la bombe soit utilis\u00e9e \u269b\ufe0f .&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/13d2jHlSlxklVe\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"b\u00e2timent qui explose\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>En parall\u00e8le, <strong>le capitalisme a \u00e9galement son r\u00f4le \u00e0 jouer dans l\u2019av\u00e8nement de ce type d&rsquo;affrontements irr\u00e9guliers<\/strong>. Ce mod\u00e8le, bien qu\u2019adopt\u00e9 par une majorit\u00e9 de nos pays, a eu pour cons\u00e9quences :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2197\ufe0f L\u2019accroissement des in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd4a La naissance d\u2019id\u00e9ologies fortement oppos\u00e9es au capitalisme.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il faut aussi prendre en compte que les populations sont aujourd\u2019hui en moyenne plus \u00e9duqu\u00e9es, que l\u2019information se d\u00e9mocratise et que le libre arbitre est un principe qui nous tient de plus en plus \u00e0 c\u0153ur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/zNbiX43QsqUAU\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Walter White et sa phrase mythique\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi qui te cultive avec les Sherpas<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ces \u00e9l\u00e9ments <strong>favorisent naturellement les manifestations, soul\u00e8vements et r\u00e9volutions contre des gouvernements jug\u00e9s ill\u00e9gitimes<\/strong>.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-naissance-dun-nouveau-genre-de-conflit\">La naissance d\u2019un nouveau genre de conflit \ud83d\udc76<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec la disparition progressive des affrontements classiques au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, <strong>la guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re s\u2019est progressivement impos\u00e9e comme la nouvelle mani\u00e8re de mener les conflits<\/strong>. \u2694\ufe0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs, au sein m\u00eame de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, une forme de conflit irr\u00e9gulier est n\u00e9 : la R\u00e9sistance fran\u00e7aise contre l\u2019occupation nazie.&nbsp;La R\u00e9sistance fran\u00e7aise est l\u2019ensemble des r\u00e9seaux clandestins qui ont poursuivi la lutte contre l&rsquo;Axe et ses relais collaborationnistes sur le territoire fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udcc5 Dates de la R\u00e9sistance fran\u00e7aise<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De l&rsquo;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">armistice du 22 juin 1940<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Lib\u00e9<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">r<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">ation<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> en 1944.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9sistants ne repr\u00e9sentaient pas un groupe \u00e9tatique, mais bien<strong> une organisation compos\u00e9e de civils qui luttait contre un gouvernement plus arm\u00e9<\/strong> et puissant qu\u2019eux \ud83d\udcaa.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Depuis, les conflits irr\u00e9guliers n\u2019ont pas cess\u00e9 de voir le jour et des mouvements de r\u00e9volte ont parsem\u00e9 l\u2019histoire moderne.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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  class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-guerre-irreguliere-symbole-dune-revolte-contre-loppression\">La guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re : symbole d\u2019une r\u00e9volte contre l\u2019oppression \ud83e\udd4a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle symbolise l\u2019insurrection face \u00e0 <strong>des gouvernements, jug\u00e9s trop imparfaits et oppressant le peuple<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-resistances-face-a-la-colonisation\">les r\u00e9sistances face \u00e0 la colonisation \ud83d\udcaa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Repr\u00e9sentations parfaites de ce qu\u2019est <strong>une guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re, les nombreux mouvements ind\u00e9pendants luttant contre \u201cl&rsquo;oppresseur\u201d et la colonisation<\/strong> (fran\u00e7aise, anglaise, portugaise..) ont marqu\u00e9 le si\u00e8cle dernier.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu le sais, la p\u00e9riode coloniale s&rsquo;\u00e9tend du milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle au milieu du XXe. Tous <strong>les pays colonis\u00e9s ont fini par se soulever contre le pays colonisateur<\/strong> et r\u00e9clamer leur ind\u00e9pendance.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais comment cela s\u2019est-il pass\u00e9 \ud83e\udd14 ?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3ohc1dvSEcrtXydl6w\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"soldats faisant la guerre\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Rome ne s\u2019est pas faite en un jour et la d\u00e9colonisation non plus. Voici les \u00e9tapes de la r\u00e9ussite des mouvements d\u2019ind\u00e9pendances :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2694\ufe0f <strong>Les insurg\u00e9s<\/strong> prennent les armes (sauf dans le cas d\u2019une r\u00e9volte pacifique) et <strong>finissent par s\u2019unir<\/strong> au lieu de se diviser ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd1d Ils re\u00e7oivent de l\u2019aide ext\u00e9rieure.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udd25 Un exemple d\u2019aide ext\u00e9rieure<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00a0Lors du <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-indochine\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">mouvement d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance de l\u2019Indochine<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (actuels Vi\u00eat Nam, Laos, et Cambodge) qui se d\u00e9roule entre 1946-1954, l\u2019Indochine, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque encore fran\u00e7aise, re\u00e7oit l\u2019aide militaire de la Chine communiste \u00e0 partir de 1949. <\/span><b>Une aide qui permettra \u00e0 cette r\u00e9sistance d\u2019aboutir. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">C\u2019est en 1954 que le territoire sera officiellement lib\u00e9r\u00e9 de la colonisation fran\u00e7aise. \u270b Une identit\u00e9 nationale voit le jour et la lutte ne devient<\/span><b> plus seulement militaire, mais aussi id\u00e9ologique<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les mouvements d\u2019ind\u00e9pendance sont un des premiers exemples de guerres irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res, aujourd\u2019hui omnipr\u00e9sentes dans nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"de-la-guerilla-au-mouvement-revolutionnaire\">De la gu\u00e9rilla au mouvement r\u00e9volutionnaire \ud83d\udd2b<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Venons-en \u00e0 un terme que tu as certainement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu : <strong>\u00ab la gu\u00e9rilla \u00bb<\/strong>. Pour ceux qui n\u2019auraient pas la d\u00e9finition,<strong> c\u2019est un terme emprunt\u00e9 \u00e0 l&rsquo;espagnol <\/strong>d\u00e9signant des combats men\u00e9s par des unit\u00e9s mobiles, sans ligne de front et pratiquant une guerre de harc\u00e8lement et d&#8217;embuscades.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udca1Pour info<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ce terme est notamment utilis\u00e9 pour <strong>d\u00e9signer les mouvements de r\u00e9volte dans les pays d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine et centrale<\/strong> qui se sont dress\u00e9s contre les dictatures de l\u2019\u00e9poque et l\u2019influence des \u00c9tats-Unis.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais son utilisation remonte \u00e0 bien plus loin ! En effet, l<strong>es tactiques utilis\u00e9es par les Espagnols remontent \u00e0 la lutte contre le r\u00e9gime impos\u00e9 par Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte au d\u00e9but du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/strong>. C\u2019\u00e9tait pas hier, donc.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-guerres-napoleoniennes\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Les guerres napol\u00e9oniennes (1792-1815)<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : un article passionnant<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les combattants irr\u00e9guliers des gu\u00e9rillas ont <strong>pour but premier d\u2019affaiblir une arm\u00e9e r\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/strong> (l\u2019\u00c9tat en place indirectement) ou de la tenir en \u00e9chec.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019inverse de la \u201ctradition classique\u201d fond\u00e9e sur la destruction de l\u2019arm\u00e9e ennemie,<strong> la strat\u00e9gie irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re est plus indirecte et s\u2019attache davantage \u00e0 l&rsquo;affaiblissement de la volont\u00e9 dans le camp adverse<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Le <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">gu\u00e9rillero<\/span> gagne s\u2019il ne perd pas.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Henry Kissinger, 1969<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais petit \u00e0 petit <strong>les gu\u00e9rillas ont pris des allures de v\u00e9ritables mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires<\/strong>. Apr\u00e8s avoir mobilis\u00e9 et organis\u00e9 les populations avec un syst\u00e8me de hi\u00e9rarchie efficace, elles ont eu l\u2019ambition non plus de r\u00e9sister, mais bel et bien de <strong>s\u2019emparer du pouvoir et de le conserver<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On passe de la gu\u00e9rilla \u00e0 la guerre r\u00e9volutionnaire \u270a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-revolution-cubaine-1953-1959\">La r\u00e9volution cubaine 1953-1959 \u2600\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019exemple de la r\u00e9volution castriste est assez parlant.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet \u00e9pisode s\u2019est d\u00e9roul\u00e9 de 1953 \u00e0 1959. Entre 1953 et 1956, les insurg\u00e9s sont mal organis\u00e9s. Il faudra attendre la fin d\u2019ann\u00e9e 1956 pour voir le groupe men\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fin-de-la-guerre-froide\/\">Fidel Castro<\/a> et ses compagnons d\u2019insurrection, parmi lesquels on retrouve l\u2019illustre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/che-guevara\/\">Ernesto \u00ab Che \u00bb Guevara<\/a>, se lancer dans une r\u00e9volution arm\u00e9e sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/3\/37\/Posters_of_Cuba_009.jpg\" alt=\"Fidel Castro et la r\u00e9volution cubaine\"\/><\/a><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Auteur : <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/User:GTheory\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leon Petrosyan<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u2019une insurrection mal organis\u00e9e \u00e0 une r\u00e9volution qui aboutira au renversement du pouvoir en place, <strong>la r\u00e9volution cubaine aura marqu\u00e9 l\u2019histoire du monde moderne \ud83c\udf0d<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On sait d\u00e9sormais ce qu\u2019est une guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re et tu es capable de citer des exemples pr\u00e9cis (on t\u2019en prie).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais ce n\u2019est pas fini, avec l\u2019av\u00e8nement des actes terroristes, <strong>les guerres irr\u00e9guli\u00e8res entrent dans une toute nouvelle dimension<\/strong> et d\u2019autres enjeux voient le jour.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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     class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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  class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lutilisation-du-terrorisme-comment-linterpreter\">L\u2019utilisation du terrorisme : comment l\u2019interpr\u00e9ter \ud83d\udca3 ?<\/h2>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u21aa\ufe0f D\u00e9finition<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Tout d\u2019abord, il faut bien comprendre ce qu\u2019est le terrorisme. C\u2019est une id\u00e9ologie, mais surtout <\/span><b>un ensemble d&rsquo;actes violents et ill\u00e9gaux commis avec l&rsquo;objectif de provoquer un climat de terreur <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">au sein de l&rsquo;opinion publique ou d&rsquo;\u00e9branler la force d&rsquo;un gouvernement ou d&rsquo;un groupe \ud83d\ude28. <\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le but est double. De un, provoquer des pertes mat\u00e9rielles et\/ou humaines dans le camp jug\u00e9 \u00ab ennemi \u00bb. Et d\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, peut-\u00eatre l\u2019objectif le plus destructeur, <strong>infliger des blessures psychologiques et faire na\u00eetre un sentiment de peur<\/strong> dans les populations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-terrorisme-une-arme-de-propagande\">Le terrorisme : une arme de propagande \ud83d\udce8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les actes de terrorisme ne sont pas plus que <strong>de la simple propagande \u00e0 l\u2019origine<\/strong>. Les gu\u00e9rillas, les mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires s\u2019en servaient, \u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1960-70, pour faire passer leurs messages et <strong>exposer au monde entier leur id\u00e9ologie <\/strong>\ud83d\udce9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ce type de propagande \u00e9tait d\u00e9j\u00e0 utilis\u00e9 par les r\u00e9volutionnaires d\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine ou autres mouvements ind\u00e9pendantistes et ne date pas des \u00e9v\u00e9nements de septembre 2001.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lexemple-parlant-de-lira-larmee-republicaine-irlandaise\">L\u2019exemple parlant de l\u2019IRA (l&rsquo;Arm\u00e9e R\u00e9publicaine Irlandaise) \u2618\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019IRA est le nom port\u00e9 par plusieurs<strong> organisations paramilitaires luttant contre la pr\u00e9sence britannique<\/strong> en Irlande \u00e0 partir de 1919.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu n\u2019es pas sans savoir que l\u2019Irlande du Nord fait partie du Royaume-Uni. Or, l\u2019IRA luttait contre la pr\u00e9sence britannique sur l\u2019\u00eele aux tr\u00e8fles \u00e0 quatre feuilles et pour son ind\u00e9pendance \ud83c\udf40.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1969, l\u2019organisation se scindait en deux branches \ud83c\udf33 :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 L&rsquo;IRA \u00ab officielle \u00bb, condamnant le terrorisme ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>L&rsquo;IRA provisoire, constitu\u00e9e de militants catholiques et nationalistes de l&rsquo;Ulster<\/strong> (province d\u2019Irlande du Nord dans laquelle se trouve Belfast)<strong> pratiquant le terrorisme de mani\u00e8re syst\u00e9matique \ud83d\udca3<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C&rsquo;est cette derni\u00e8re qui animait la lutte contre l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e britannique et organisait des attentats spectaculaires aussi bien en Irlande du Nord qu&rsquo;en Angleterre. Ces actes de terrorisme \u00e9taient un moyen de surprendre l\u2019ennemi et de l\u2019affaiblir, mais aussi <strong>une fa\u00e7on de revendiquer ses convictions et de crier tout haut son id\u00e9ologie<\/strong> \ud83d\udce2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moyen de propagande efficace dans un premier temps, le terrorisme va devenir un conflit nouveau qui va changer le monde actuel.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-lutte-contre-le-terrorisme-un-conflit-a-part-entiere\">La lutte contre le terrorisme : un conflit \u00e0 part enti\u00e8re \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On a vu que le terrorisme avait \u00e9merg\u00e9 dans les ann\u00e9es 1960-1970 comme un nouvel outil des affrontements irr\u00e9guliers.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019abord employ\u00e9 par des mouvements r\u00e9volutionnaires ou nationalistes , <strong>il est adopt\u00e9 au tournant des ann\u00e9es 1980 par un nouveau courant<\/strong> : le djihadisme islamiste. Avec les attentats du 11 septembre 2001, ce dernier prend progressivement<strong> une place centrale dans la conflictualit\u00e9 irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udca1Pour info<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Ce type de terrorisme est n\u00e9 en Afghanistan en 1979 apr\u00e8s l\u2019invasion du pays par les arm\u00e9es sovi\u00e9tiques d\u2019URSS \ud83e\ude96.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019av\u00e8nement de groupes terroristes sur le continent africain ou au Moyen-Orient est aujourd\u2019hui <strong>un nouvel enjeu pour les gouvernements, surtout occidentaux<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En effet, on est t\u00e9moin d\u2019un exemple classique d&rsquo;irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 o\u00f9 des groupes non \u00e9tatiques s\u2019attaquent \u00e0 des gouvernements, populations enti\u00e8res en revendiquant leur id\u00e9ologie politique \ud83d\udde3\ufe0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces groupes terroristes se revendiquent comme anti-Occident et impliquent des nouveaux enjeux pour les gouvernements occidentaux et leurs arm\u00e9es conventionnelles :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd3c<strong> La lutte contre le terrorisme s\u2019opp\u00e8rent sur 2 fronts<\/strong>. De un, en interne, sur les territoires occidentaux pour \u00e9viter les attentats et de deux \u00e0 l&rsquo;ext\u00e9rieur, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger pour stopper les terroristes dans les pays o\u00f9 ils sont majoritairement regroup\u00e9s (Moyen-Orient) ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\ude96Les terroristes <strong>prennent le contr\u00f4le de certaines r\u00e9gions<\/strong>, voire pays. Par exemple, depuis le d\u00e9but de la guerre civile en Syrie, les forces arm\u00e9es de Daesh ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 prendre le contr\u00f4le d\u2019une partie du pays. Quant \u00e0 eux, les talibans ont, depuis deux ans, pris le pouvoir en Afghanistan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83e\udd1d\u200d\ud83e\uddd1Des enjeux \u00e9conomiques et sociaux voient le jour avec <strong>le d\u00e9placement de plusieurs millions de personnes d\u00fb aux affrontements<\/strong>, une immigration qui s&rsquo;intensifie et qui soul\u00e8ve des questions sociales en termes d\u2019int\u00e9gration des immigr\u00e9s.\ud83c\udd9a Une nouvelle lutte id\u00e9ologique. Le capitalisme vs le communisme semble \u00eatre de l\u2019histoire ancienne, les occidentaux doivent endiguer <strong>une nouvelle id\u00e9ologie politique qui se dresse face \u00e0 eux<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Si tu veux <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/geopolitique\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">comprendre dix ans de guerre en Syrie<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, clique sur notre article ! \ud83e\udee1<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce nouveau type de conflit refl\u00e8te la situation actuelle de nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s et fait \u00e9merger<strong> de nouveaux enjeux auxquels faire face<\/strong>. Entre gu\u00e9rillas, mouvements de r\u00e9voltes du peuple et terrorisme, l\u2019irr\u00e9gularit\u00e9 aura finalement pris le pas sur le r\u00e9gulier et le conventionnel \ud83d\udc63.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si tu as besoin d\u2019approfondir cette notion, n&rsquo;h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 prendre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">des cours particuliers d\u2019histoire en ligne<\/a> avec l\u2019un de nos Sherpas \ud83d\ude42 !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;264803&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;9&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (9 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Guerre irr\u00e9guli\u00e8re : une nouvelle tendance dans nos affrontements \ud83d\udde1\ufe0f !\u00a0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (9 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le conflit c\u2019est tout un art \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfa8. Toi qui \u00e9tais d\u00e9j\u00e0 bien occup\u00e9 \u00e0 apprendre les subtilit\u00e9s des (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":356,"featured_media":264806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,823,821],"tag":[770],"class_list":["post-264803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-geopolitique-2","category-histoire","tag-fiche-revision"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/356"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=264803"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264803\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/264806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=264803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=264803"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=264803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}