{"id":264443,"date":"2023-09-19T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-09-19T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=264443"},"modified":"2025-04-09T09:19:21","modified_gmt":"2025-04-09T07:19:21","slug":"constitution-1958-conception-laborieuse","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constitution-1958-conception-laborieuse\/","title":{"rendered":"La Constitution de 1958 : une conception laborieuse ! \ud83d\udcda"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Suite \u00e0 la seconde guerre mondiale, la volont\u00e9 d\u2019asseoir une politique stable se fait ressentir dans le peuple fran\u00e7ais. \ud83e\udd56\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 Pourtant, <strong>la IV\u00e8me R\u00e9publique<\/strong> et <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite\/preambule-de-la-constitution-du-27-octobre-1946\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite\/preambule-de-la-constitution-du-27-octobre-1946\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">sa Constitution de 1946<\/a>, promettant \u00e9quilibre, se traduisent par un \u00e9chec cuisant. \ud83c\udf73 C\u2019est ainsi que <a href=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite\/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/www.conseil-constitutionnel.fr\/le-bloc-de-constitutionnalite\/texte-integral-de-la-constitution-du-4-octobre-1958-en-vigueur\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la Constitution de 1958<\/a>, construisant les bases de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/5-republique\/\">la V\u00e8me R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/strong>, <em>is born<\/em>. Bien-s\u00fbr, la team Sherpas est l\u00e0 pour parcourir ses diff\u00e9rents recoins avec toi. Alors hop hop, allons-y !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les fondations d\u2019un texte fon-da-men-tal \ud83c\udfd7\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour bien comprendre, une Constitution est un regroupement de textes juridiques fondant les r\u00e8gles et le fonctionnement d\u2019un Etat. \u2699\ufe0f C\u2019est le texte au sommet de tous, le seul et l\u2019unique, un pour les gouverner tous. Toutefois, avant d\u2019arriver \u00e0 notre Constitution de 1958, nous avons d\u00fb passer au travers l\u2019histoire. \ud83e\ude96<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/t7GDY7UBlW5ha6oF9c\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Le foutu anneau du seigneur des anneaux\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>On est pas non plus au niveau de l&#8217;anneau unique, mais presque<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un contexte d\u2019apr\u00e8s guerre \ud83d\udca3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Prenons place au c\u0153ur des ann\u00e9es 1940. \ud83e\udec0 Nous sommes le 2 septembre 1945, jour o\u00f9 le&nbsp; Japon signe l\u2019armistice : c\u2019est la <strong>fin de la Seconde Guerre Mondiale.<\/strong> \ud83d\udca3&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les traumatismes de la guerre \ud83d\ude25<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le marquage au fer rouge du nazisme \ud83d\ude31<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien que la guerre soit officiellement termin\u00e9e,<strong> le peuple fran\u00e7ais est traumatis\u00e9<\/strong> : entre 50 et 80 millions de personnes sont mortes dans le monde, dont la moiti\u00e9 est constitu\u00e9e<strong> de pertes civiles<\/strong> et <strong>de la politique d\u2019extermination nazie. \ud83d\udc80<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La vie est dure \u00e0 reprendre, d\u2019autant plus que <strong>les fran\u00e7ais sont conditionn\u00e9s par des r\u00e8gles<\/strong> :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf70\">\n            <span>\n            <p>ils n\u2019ont le droit qu\u2019\u00e0 500 grammes de sucre par mois,<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf56\">\n            <span>\n            <p>ils n\u2019ont le droit qu\u2019\u00e0 160 grammes de viande par semaine.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><em>\ud83c\udf28\ufe0f\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le taux de mortalit\u00e9 infantile \u00e9tait d\u2019environ 100 pour 1000 naissances dans certaines r\u00e9gions.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, le retour \u00e0 un quotidien normal est compliqu\u00e9, aussi bien moralement que physiquement. Cette atmosph\u00e8re est d\u2019autant plus pesante que la confiance du peuple a \u00e9t\u00e9 trahie. Outch. \u26a1<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/fOVGTYyYtV6Ra\/giphy.webp?cid=ecf05e47byo0rvizpvu0rtng516n00nhqu34thk7q5zxi0s4&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=giphy.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Sheldon Cooper de The Big Bang Theory qui rentre du c\u00f4t\u00e9 obscur de la force, sous un plaid\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Toi quand tu croises ton ex-pote qui t&#8217;a trahi<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les craintes d\u2019un peuple opprim\u00e9 \ud83d\ude28<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme dit pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment, le peuple fran\u00e7ais a \u00e9t\u00e9<strong> trahi par une figure politique de confiance<\/strong> \u26c8\ufe0f : il s\u2019agit du <strong>g\u00e9n\u00e9ral Philippe P\u00e9tain<\/strong>, autrefois consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un h\u00e9ros. \ud83e\uddb8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dirigeant la France durant la guerre, le gouvernement de P\u00e9tain a sign\u00e9 l\u2019armistice du 22 juin 1940 : c\u2019est <strong>le d\u00e9but de l\u2019Occupation<\/strong> de la France par <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/allemagne-nazie\/\">l\u2019Allemagne nazie<\/a><\/strong>. Plus tard, le 10 juillet 1940, le gouvernement a accept\u00e9 <strong>l&#8217;instauration du r\u00e9gime de Vichy<\/strong>. En retour, P\u00e9tain a obtenu les pleins pouvoirs. Il force un peu l\u00e0, non ? \ud83d\udca3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Oui, c\u2019est un \u00ab \u00e9change \u00bb super pas cool, d\u2019autant plus que le r\u00e9gime de Vichy a impos\u00e9 au peuple fran\u00e7ais des choses traumatisantes, que tu peux lire en d\u00e9tails dans notre article Sherpa<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>sur<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\"><strong>la seconde guerre mondiale.<\/strong><\/a> \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, la peur prenant le dessus, les fran\u00e7ais sont <strong>craintifs \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e d\u2019un nouveau gouvernement.<\/strong> \ud83e\udd28 D\u2019autant plus que la situation mondiale est encore plus que bancale ! \u00c7a tangue encore beaucoup dans les pays environnants. \u26f5<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/RkSwAmSLD3N16\/giphy.webp?cid=ecf05e47h8wlorc2b41t7m3ay4g5vtbnen5xjwbqpru6h4rf&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=giphy.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Une barque avec 5 clampins qui basculent dans l'eau, tout \u00e7a parce que Mich\u00e8le est \u00e0 gauche\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>On avait dit de ne pas mettre Mich\u00e8le \u00e0 gauche, vous d\u00e9connez les gars<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une instabilit\u00e9 politique pesante \u2696\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un contexte g\u00e9opolitique toujours fragile \ud83d\udc94<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Les cons\u00e9quences \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale sont tout aussi d\u00e9sastreuses. \ud83c\udf27\ufe0f De nombreux pays souffrent encore des cons\u00e9quences de la fin de la guerre, que tu peux retrouver dans notre article Sherpas sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fin-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale\/\"><strong>la fin de la seconde guerre mondiale<\/strong>.<\/a> \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, l\u2019utilisation d&#8217;<strong>armes nucl\u00e9aires sur Hiroshima et Nagasaki<\/strong> le 6 et 9 ao\u00fbt 1945 p\u00e8se sur le monde entier : on se rend compte de la puissance de cette nouvelle arme, et des victimes qu\u2019elle peut causer. \ud83d\udca3 Autant dire qu&#8217;\u00e0 cause de <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-dissuasion-nucleaire\/\">la dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire<\/a><\/strong> tout <strong>le monde est sous pression<\/strong>, sans mauvais jeu de mot\u2026 \ud83e\udee3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le manque d\u2019une R\u00e9publique \u274c<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour bien comprendre, une R\u00e9publique est un syst\u00e8me politique dans lequel <strong>l\u2019exercice du pouvoir se fait par des repr\u00e9sentants.<\/strong> En d\u2019autres termes, <strong>le chef de l\u2019Etat ne si\u00e8ge pas tout seul et n\u2019a pas les pleins pouvoirs<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcaa Et \u00e7a, c\u2019est toujours mieux qu\u2019un gros m\u00e9galo annexant ses pays voisins. \ud83e\udd28<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant la guerre, la France \u00e9tait sous<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/quiz-dhistoire-la-4eme-republique-en-france\/\">la IVe R\u00e9publique<\/a><\/strong>, et \u00e7a fonctionnait assez bien. De quoi rendre le peuple un poil nostalgique apr\u00e8s tout \u00e7a\u2026 \u00c0 tel point qu\u2019une id\u00e9e revient dans l\u2019esprit collectif fran\u00e7ais. \ud83e\udde0 Oui, tu l\u2019as bien compris, <strong>il nous faut une nouvelle R\u00e9publique !<\/strong>\ud83d\udca1&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/QVSY3fxJl5UMNP48Vj\/200w.webp?cid=ecf05e47ztd3brlz9o6kzdpiy0qtsiwbmwl3peu28l95z809&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=200w.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Une fille met une ampoule sur sa t\u00eate pour faire croire qu'elle a une id\u00e9e, alors que c'est l'id\u00e9e qui l'a trouv\u00e9e\" style=\"width:354px;height:198px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>On n&#8217;a pas besoin d&#8217;une ampoule pour avoir la lumi\u00e8re \u00e0 tous les \u00e9tages&#8230;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la guerre, le territoire fran\u00e7ais est <strong>dirig\u00e9 par le GPRF, ou Gouvernement Provisoire de la R\u00e9publique Fran\u00e7aise.<\/strong> \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7 Et comme son loooong nom l\u2019indique, ce gouvernement est amen\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00eatre remplac\u00e9. On peut m\u00eame dire que <strong>tout est \u00e0 refaire<\/strong>, et \u00e7a tombe plut\u00f4t bien. \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"><em>Fact<\/em> \ud83e\udd14<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le GPRF reprend les r\u00eanes de la France apr\u00e8s la chute du r\u00e9gime de Vichy \u00e0 la fin des ann\u00e9es 1945. \ud83e\udd56<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le GPRF est d\u2019abord pr\u00e9sid\u00e9 par De Gaulle, qui d\u00e9missionne le 20 janvier 1946 pour laisser place \u00e0 Felix Gouin, qui n\u2019a pas fait long feu. \ud83d\udd25<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019av\u00e8nement de la Constitution de 1946 \ud83d\udc51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour refondre une nouvelle R\u00e9publique, <strong>il faut refondre une nouvelle Constitution<\/strong>, oui oui. \ud83d\udcda Du coup, on se demande <strong>comment la Constitution de la IV R\u00e9publique a pris forme<\/strong>, surtout avec cette Histoire. \ud83e\udd14&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La conception de la Constitution de 46 \ud83d\udd0d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00e9tapes fondamentales \ud83e\udeb6<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>La conception de notre texte de 46 est marqu\u00e9e par <strong>plusieurs dates clefs<\/strong> :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udcda\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">2 juin 1946 : ce sont les <\/span><b>\u00e9lections constituantes.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> Le but est d\u2019<\/span><b>\u00e9lire une Assembl\u00e9e Constituante<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire, une assembl\u00e9e de personnes devant r\u00e9diger le projet de la Constitution. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u270f\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">29 septembre 1946 : le projet est <\/span><b>adopt\u00e9 par l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. La r\u00e9daction est termin\u00e9e ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83c\udf7c\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">13 octobre 1946 : le texte est <\/span><b>adopt\u00e9 par r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. C\u2019est dans la poche ! \ud83d\udc56<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc4d\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">27 octobre 1946 : le texte est <\/span><b>promulgu\u00e9 par Georges Bidault,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> alors pr\u00e9sident du GPRF. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc4f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">24 d\u00e9cembre 1946 : le texte <\/span><b>entre en vigueur<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> aux termes de l\u2019art. 98 alin\u00e9a 2 du texte. <\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Petit point <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\ud83d\udca1<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">De grands professeurs ou auteurs, tels Georges Vedel ou Louis Favoreu, estiment plut\u00f4t que l\u2019entr\u00e9e en vigueur du texte est progressive. \ud83d\ude2e\u200d\ud83d\udca8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une proposition de Constitution a \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9e lors d\u2019un r\u00e9f\u00e9rendum en 5 mai 1946. Elle a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crite par la \u00ab Premi\u00e8re Assembl\u00e9e constituante. \u00bb Hop, c\u2019est tchao !<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les apports de la Constitution de 46 \u2934\ufe0f&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une IV R\u00e9publique singuli\u00e8re<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour bien comprendre, un Parlement est une institution comprenant deux assembl\u00e9es d\u2019\u00e9lus qui repr\u00e9sentent les citoyens. \ud83e\uddd0 Il discute et vote les projets et propositions de loi. Un gouvernement est une institution comprenant des ministres, le Premier Ministre et le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique. Il assure l&#8217;ex\u00e9cution des lois.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant, revenons \u00e0 nos moutons ! \ud83d\udc11 La Constitution de 46, fra\u00eechement adopt\u00e9e, opte pour l\u2019exercice d\u2019une r\u00e9publique parlementaire. \ud83e\uddca Le principe est que le Gouvernement souffre d\u2019une responsabilit\u00e9 devant les assembl\u00e9es du Parlement. C\u2019est une sorte de contr\u00f4le parental 2.0. \ud83e\uddd2&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par ailleurs, le r\u00f4le du <strong>pr\u00e9sident de la r\u00e9publique est plut\u00f4t figurati<\/strong>f. Il est l\u00e0 aux yeux de la loi quoi, rien de plus. \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">A noter \u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Une proposition de loi est une loi propos\u00e9e par le Parlement.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Un projet de loi est une loi propos\u00e9e par le Premier Ministre.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De nouveaux droits consacr\u00e9s&nbsp;<\/h5>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>(&#8230;), le peuple fran\u00e7ais proclame \u00e0 nouveau que <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">tout \u00eatre humain, sans distinction de race, de religion ni de croyance,<\/span> poss\u00e8de des droits inali\u00e9nables et sacr\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Pr\u00e9ambule de la Constitution de 1946<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Article premier<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Un point fort de la Constitution ? Son pr\u00e9ambule, \u00e9crit avec la volont\u00e9 de prot\u00e9ger les droits de tous, loin de la dure loi de la guerre ! \ud83d\ude28 Il y consacre des articles aux droits essentiels, dont :<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\uddd5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>le droit des femmes<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : la promesse d\u2019une \u00e9galit\u00e9 avec les droits des hommes, article 3 ;<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udea7\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>le droit des travailleurs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> : la possibilit\u00e9 de faire gr\u00e8ve, article 7 ;<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udcd5\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>la DDHC de 1789 : <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">les articles du pr\u00e9ambule reprennent les valeurs de la DDHC ;<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les d\u00e9rives de la IV R\u00e9publique \ud83d\udea3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 tout, l\u2019\u00e9quilibre de tout ceci bascule, provoquant m\u00eame la chute de la IVe R\u00e9publique. \ud83e\udee1<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/10A06pOVcpo6hW\/giphy.webp?cid=ecf05e47nf33n6ci4suavgncrm13kruhrdja62xsww8539gr&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=giphy.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Un gosse qui tombe dans les escaliers\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>On ne sait pas si c&#8217;\u00e9tait m\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une cassure g\u00e9opolitique \ud83c\udf0d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La crise alg\u00e9rienne \ud83c\udde9\ud83c\uddff<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En Alg\u00e9rie, la col\u00e8re monte.<\/strong> \ud83d\ude21 Toujours colonis\u00e9e par la France, deux fronts se font face : celui des partisans de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie fran\u00e7aise contre les Ind\u00e9pendantistes. \u26a1<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette crise provoque le d\u00e9clin de la IVe R\u00e9publique : <strong>des oppositions naissent au sein des membres politiques fran\u00e7ais quant \u00e0 la question de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie<\/strong>. \ud83c\udf2a\ufe0f Face \u00e0 tout ce bazar, le nom du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral De Gaulle, sauveur de la France durant la guerre, revient progressivement. \ud83d\udc42\ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La mont\u00e9e du communisme \u2692\ufe0f<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant ce temps en France, le parti communiste s&#8217;amplifie. \ud83d\ude2e&nbsp; Et le \u2018blem, c\u2019est qu\u2019au sein du parlement, ce mouvement politique n\u2019est pas vraiment d\u2019accord ni avec le socialisme, ni avec le Rassemblement pour le Peuple Fran\u00e7ais. \u2601\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est ainsi que na\u00eet <strong>une sorte de parlement tripartite<\/strong>, avec trois partis plut\u00f4t que deux. Ce d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibre entra\u00eene le <strong>manque d\u2019une majorit\u00e9<\/strong>, et de nombreux d\u00e9saccords. \u26a1 \u00c7a s&#8217;engueule pas mal dans les rangs fran\u00e7ais quoi, surtout avec la question de l\u2019Alg\u00e9rie \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9. \ud83d\ude2e\u200d\ud83d\udca8<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anecdotes \ud83d\udc4d<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La premi\u00e8re Assembl\u00e9e Constituante \u00e9tait en grande partie communiste.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le communisme et le socialisme sont deux mouvements politiques de gauche.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La crise de mai 1958 \ud83d\udce3<\/h5>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #993300\">Je vous ai compris.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Charles de Gaulles<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Discours du 4 juin 1958<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Face au bordel gouvernemental fran\u00e7ais et \u00e0 la crise alg\u00e9rienne, Ren\u00e9 Cotty, alors pr\u00e9sident, <strong>demande l\u2019aide du g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de Gaulle<\/strong>. \ud83e\ude96 Le but est que ce dernier entre dans le gouvernement afin de redresser le pays, le tout dans le respect de la Constitution. \ud83d\ude0e&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant cela n\u2019est pas sans prix \ud83d\udcb0 : <strong>de Gaulle demande \u00e0 r\u00e9diger une nouvelle Constitution<\/strong>, afin de former <strong>une nouvelle R\u00e9publique<\/strong>. Ce que Cotty accepte ! \ud83d\ude31<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Le r\u00e9gime des partis, <span style=\"color: #993300\">c\u2019est la pagaille.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Charles de Gaulle<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Entretien t\u00e9l\u00e9vis\u00e9 avec Michel Droit, 15 d\u00e9cembre 1965<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-7-e1719914849200.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu veux approfondir tes connaissances en droit ? Trouve ton prof particulier chez les Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mais, \u00e7a constitue quoi la Constitution de 58 ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 in\u00e9gal\u00e9e \ud83d\udc51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On sait que <strong>la Constitution, ou bloc de constitutionnalit\u00e9,<\/strong> est au-dessus de toutes les autres normes. Mais \u00e7a veut dire quoi exactement ? \ud83e\udd14 Et bien \u00e7a veut dire que niveau importance, <strong>c\u2019est celle qui p\u00e8se le plus<\/strong> ! \ud83d\ude0e&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle est au-dessus de la loi organique, ordinaire, r\u00e9glementaire, et tout un petit cocktail d\u2019autres normes bien sympathiques que tu peux d\u00e9couvrir avec l\u2019article Sherpas sur<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/pyramide-kelsen\/\">la hi\u00e9rarchie des normes<\/a><\/strong>. \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Anecdotes \ud83d\ude05<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Officiellement apparu en 1971, le bloc de constitutionnalit\u00e9 est ce qui regroupe la Constitution et les textes \u00e0 valeur constitutionnelle qui y sont rattach\u00e9s.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La Constitution organise les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales, comme les communes, d\u00e9partements, etc., en son article 72. Toutefois, il existe des collectivit\u00e9s \u00e0 statut particulier, qui sont eux r\u00e9gis par les articles L.2512-1 et suivant du Code G\u00e9n\u00e9ral des Collectivit\u00e9s territoriales.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La Constitution organise les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales d\u2019outre-mer en son article 74.<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une refonte des erreurs pass\u00e9es \u23f3<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><em>La France est une <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">R\u00e9publique indivisible<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">la\u00efque<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">d\u00e9mocratique<\/span> et <span style=\"color: #00ffff\">sociale<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Constitution<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"> Article premier<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Une r\u00e9publique <strong>trop parlementaire<\/strong> ? Non merci, on n\u2019en veut plus ! \ud83e\udee5&nbsp; Oui, les d\u00e9rives de la IVe R\u00e9publique font encore froid dans le dos, m\u00eame si les ann\u00e9es sont pass\u00e9es. \ud83e\udd76&nbsp;Puis avec <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-differents-types-de-regimes-politiques\/\">les diff\u00e9rents types de r\u00e9gimes politiques<\/a><\/strong> qui existent, on tombera peut-\u00eatre sur un truc stable cette fois !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est pourquoi notre Constitution de 58 revient sur des points importants, que nous \u00e9non\u00e7ons ci-dessous. \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un parlementarisme remani\u00e9 \ud83d\udc4d&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 1er enjeu est de refaire <strong>un syst\u00e8me politique parlementaire bicam\u00e9ral et all\u00e9g\u00e9<\/strong>. Bicam\u00e9ral veut dire que le Parlement comprend deux chambres : le S\u00e9nat et l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e Nationale. Et tout \u00e7a avec des pouvoirs l\u00e9gislatifs all\u00e9g\u00e9s ! \ud83e\udd44<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Petit <em>disclaimer <\/em>! On est toujours dans <strong>un r\u00e9gime parlementaire, mais \u00ab rationalis\u00e9 \u00bb. En gros, <\/strong>il y a une question de responsabilit\u00e9 du Gouvernement devant le Parlement. Cela veut dire que le Gouvernement peut sauter \u00e0 cause du Parlement, et c\u2019est super pas cool. \ud83d\udc7f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Petit + \u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le S\u00e9nat se charge en priorit\u00e9 des lois concernant les collectivit\u00e9s territoriales. Les dispositions de l\u2019article 24 \u00e9noncent d\u2019ailleurs qu\u2019il les repr\u00e9sente. Plut\u00f4t sympa. \ud83d\ude0e<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le Parlement \u00e9tait une de cour de justice dite souveraine durant l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime. Comment \u00e7a, on s\u2019en fout ? \ud83d\ude44<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique plus puissant \ud83d\udcaa&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 2nd enjeu est de sortir le pr\u00e9sident de son r\u00f4le de figurant en augmentant l\u2019importance de ses fonctions, ce qui est chose faite ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs une r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en 1962 a instaur\u00e9 l&#8217;\u00e9lection du pr\u00e9sident au suffrage universel. On passe donc \u00e0<strong> un r\u00e9gime semi-pr\u00e9sidentiel<\/strong>. Et vu qu\u2019on vote directement pour lui, la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de ce dernier est renforc\u00e9e ! \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media3.giphy.com\/media\/3oEjHNeRcPmluh7Igo\/200.webp?cid=ecf05e47jutr94o0vrzdhjgzlanet3xmore06hj5b6cbvdfw&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=200.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Un gar\u00e7on montre ses biceps super muscl\u00e9s. Evidemment c'est faux. \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Viens t\u00e2ter le bibi maintenant<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un premier ministre plus pr\u00e9sent&nbsp; \ud83d\udc4f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L&#8217;ascension de l&#8217;ex\u00e9cutif n\u2019est pas termin\u00e9e : nous pouvons parler d\u2019un r\u00e9gime bic\u00e9phale. \ud83e\udde0 Cela veut dire qu\u2019il comprend deux grosses t\u00eates : le pr\u00e9sident de la R\u00e9publique et le Premier Ministre. \ud83e\ude96<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019introduction du contr\u00f4le de constitutionnalit\u00e9 des lois \u270b<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 3e enjeu est d\u2019asseoir l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de la Constitution en examinant la conformit\u00e9 des lois. Pour \u00e7a, le <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/conseil-constitutionnel\/\">Conseil Constitutionnel<\/a><\/strong> est cr\u00e9\u00e9 ! \ud83c\udf7c<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019\u00e9volution de ce pilier du droit fran\u00e7ais \ud83d\ude0e&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des modifications essentielles ! \ud83d\udc51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Afin de perfectionner la Ve R\u00e9publique, plusieurs r\u00e9visions sont faites les ann\u00e9es suivantes. \ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle de 2008&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette r\u00e9vision entra\u00eene surtout deux choses.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udde2\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Le Pr\u00e9sident ne peut <\/span><b>plus exercer deux mandats cons\u00e9cutifs<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> (dispositions \u00e0 l&#8217;article 6). En gros, sa date d\u2019expiration arrive grand max au bout de 10 ans. \ud83d\udeaf<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd14\">\n            <span>\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">La QPC, ou Question Prioritaire de Constitutionnalit\u00e9, est introduite. Elle entre en vigueur le 1er mars 2010 ! \ud83d\udc4f (dispositions \u00e0 l\u2019article 61-1).<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>La QPC permet \u00e0 toute partie d\u2019un litige de contester un texte qui serait contraire aux droits et libert\u00e9s garantis par la Constitution. \ud83d\udd25 <strong>Pour plus de d\u00e9tails sur la proc\u00e9dure, tu peux te tourner vers l\u2019article Sherpas sur le Conseil constitutionnel !<\/strong> Et si tu as besoin de plus d&#8217;aide, prends un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/\">cours particulier<\/a> ! \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">\u00c0 savoir ! \ud83e\udd13<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Suite \u00e0 une r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle en juin 2000 la dur\u00e9e du mandat du pr\u00e9sident passe de 7 ans (septennat) \u00e0 5 ans (quinquennat). <\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La place de l\u2019Union europ\u00e9enne \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>La <em>battle<\/em> quotidienne entre le droit international et la Constitution n\u2019est pas nouvelle : chacune estime qu\u2019elle est au-dessus de l\u2019autre. \ud83d\udc51 Cependant, pourquoi ne pas concilier les deux ? \ud83e\udd14&nbsp; Et \u00e7a, c\u2019est <em>challenge accepted<\/em> pour la Constitution ! \ud83d\ude0e&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le compromis est le suivant : <strong>on garde notre souverainet\u00e9, mais on accepte d\u2019inscrire certains points du droit international dans la Constitution <\/strong>pour qu\u2019ils soient aussi souverains. Et hop, \u00e7a c\u2019est fait. \ud83e\udd71<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple, nous pouvons te citer <strong>le trait\u00e9 de Maastricht en date de f\u00e9vrier 1992<\/strong>, dont des dispositions sont jug\u00e9es contraires \u00e0 la Constitution ! \ud83d\udd0d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour contrer le coup, une r\u00e9vision constitutionnelle est faite en avril 1992 : on a ajout\u00e9 un titre XIV intitul\u00e9 <em>Des Communaut\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes et de l\u2019Union Europ\u00e9enne<\/em> dans notre texte. \ud83d\udcda Et comme \u00e7a, tout le monde est content ! \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019impact de la Constitution de 1958 sur la vie \u00e9tudiante \ud83c\udf93<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des droits \u00e9tudiants sous haute protection \u26a1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Notre texte de 1958 est un v\u00e9ritable gardien des droits et libert\u00e9s des citoyens. \ud83e\uddb8&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi ces derniers, nous retrouvons des droits essentiels aux \u00e9tudiants.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udeb6\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">: au titre de l\u2019article 100, la Constitution proclame que \u00ab la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, y compris le droit d\u2019obtenir, de conserver et de distribuer des informations et de manifester ses opinions, est garantie \u00e0 tous \u00bb. Bordel c\u2019est beau. \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u270a\">\n            <span>\n            <p><b>L\u2019association \u00e9tudiante :<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\"> la d\u00e9cision du Conseil constitutionnel en date du 16 juillet 1971 proclame que la cr\u00e9ation des associations ne doit pas \u00eatre soumise \u00e0 une autorisation administrative. Ce droit devient un Principe Fondamental Reconnu par les Lois de la R\u00e9publique (PFRLR) et a donc valeur constitutionnelle. \ud83d\udcd5<\/span><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation pour tous \u270f\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant ce n\u2019est pas tout ! Notre Constitution prot\u00e8ge un autre <strong>droit fondamental ouvert \u00e0 tous<\/strong>, celui de<strong> l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/strong>. \ud83d\udccf Ses dispositions sont inscrites dans le 13e article du pr\u00e9ambule de 1946, appartenant au bloc de constitutionnalit\u00e9. \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><em>La Nation garantit l\u2019<span style=\"color: #00ccff\">\u00e9gal acc\u00e8s<\/span> de l\u2019enfant et de l\u2019adulte <span style=\"color: #00ccff\">\u00e0 l\u2019instruction<\/span>, <span style=\"color: #00ccff\">\u00e0 la formation professionnelle<\/span> et <span style=\"color: #00ccff\">\u00e0 la culture<\/span>.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Pr\u00e9ambule de la Constitution de 1946<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">13e article<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs, l\u2019acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9ducation englobe aussi la question de <strong>la gratuit\u00e9 des enseignements publics<\/strong>, que nous retrouvons au m\u00eame article. \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><em>L&#8217;organisation de l&#8217;enseignement public <span style=\"color: #00ccff\">gratuit et la\u00efque<\/span> <span style=\"color: #00ccff\">\u00e0 tous les degr\u00e9s<\/span> est un devoir de l&#8217;\u00c9tat.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Pr\u00e9ambule de la Constitution de 1946<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">13e article<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais une question se pose : est-ce que \u00e7a concerne aussi l\u2019enseignement public sup\u00e9rieur ? \ud83e\udd14 Le 11 septembre 2019, le Conseil Constitutionnel, saisi par le Conseil d\u2019Etat, rend une d\u00e9cision QPC relative \u00e0 cette question. Et bingo, il r\u00e9pond par l\u2019affirmative ! \u2705&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media0.giphy.com\/media\/fAv2n4Tlhshig\/200w.webp?cid=ecf05e477pzryhg3frnqaol7ly9vldow31pc0vjqum539b6c&amp;ep=v1_gifs_search&amp;rid=200w.webp&amp;ct=g\" alt=\"Un chien qui transpire car payer l'\u00e9cole c'est chaud, surtout quand tu n'aimes pas \u00e7a\" style=\"width:283px;height:158px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>On a failli payer l&#8217;\u00e9cole quoi, c&#8217;est chaud<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Bon, on en a enfin fini avec l\u2019histoire de notre Constitution ! \ud83d\ude01 Nous esp\u00e9rons que cet article t\u2019a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 trouver ton chemin dans ce bout d\u2019histoire du droit public. \ud83e\udd14 Si toutefois tu \u00e9prouves encore quelques difficult\u00e9s, n&#8217;h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 te rapprocher d\u2019un Sherpa en prenant des<strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/droit\/online\">cours de droit en ligne<\/a><\/strong> \ud83d\udcda Sur ces mots, on te dit \u00e0 bient\u00f4t ! \ud83d\udd90\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;264443&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (10 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La Constitution de 1958 : une conception laborieuse ! \ud83d\udcda&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (10 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Suite \u00e0 la seconde guerre mondiale, la volont\u00e9 d\u2019asseoir une politique stable se fait ressentir dans le peuple (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":353,"featured_media":264446,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[830,803],"tag":[777,81],"class_list":["post-264443","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-droit-2","category-apprendre-matiere","tag-justice","tag-universite"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264443","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/353"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=264443"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/264443\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/264446"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=264443"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=264443"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=264443"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}