{"id":262738,"date":"2023-08-17T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-08-17T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=262738"},"modified":"2023-10-30T10:51:34","modified_gmt":"2023-10-30T09:51:34","slug":"monarchie-constitutionnelle-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/monarchie-constitutionnelle-france\/","title":{"rendered":"La monarchie constitutionnelle en France : trois p\u00e9riodes, un r\u00e9gime \ud83d\udc51"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En cours d\u2019histoire, tu \u00e9tudies <strong>les diff\u00e9rentes monarchies constitutionnelles en France<\/strong>. Cependant, tu confonds tout le monde ? Tu te demandes quelles sont <strong>les caract\u00e9ristiques de la monarchie constitutionnelle<\/strong> ? Pas de panique, on va voir \u00e7a ensemble ! Tu es pr\u00eat ? C\u2019est parti ! \ud83e\udef6<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZngzb2s4cHZnb2ZiOGRwZzBraXZ4a25qY2Y5czYzaXpsMnE0eXdhcSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/f6IOfTfshadbyeGMU8\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Les Dalton rentrent dans une salle de classe.\" style=\"width:284px;height:160px\" width=\"284\" height=\"160\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Installe-toi, on va remonter le temps<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C\u2019est quoi une monarchie constitutionnelle ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour d\u00e9terminer ce qu\u2019est une monarchie constitutionnelle, on va reprendre les deux termes s\u00e9par\u00e9ment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une monarchie, c\u2019est un <strong>r\u00e9gime politique dirig\u00e9 par un monarque \u00e9lu ou h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire<\/strong>.<br>Constitutionnelle, \u00e7a veut dire qu\u2019<strong>une constitution encadre le r\u00e9gime<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, une monarchie constitutionnelle est une <strong>monarchie dans laquelle les pouvoirs du monarque sont limit\u00e9s par une constitution<\/strong>. CQFD. C\u2019est l\u2019oppos\u00e9 de la monarchie absolue dans laquelle rien ne limite le roi !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La premi\u00e8re Monarchie constitutionnelle (1791-1792) 1\ufe0f\u20e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte de cr\u00e9ation \ud83c\udf7c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1791, c\u2019est la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/dates-revolution-francaise\/\">R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise<\/a>. L\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale, constitu\u00e9e en majorit\u00e9 de <strong>d\u00e9put\u00e9s issus de la bourgeoisie<\/strong>, d\u00e9cide de mettre en place un r\u00e9gime politique qui les favorise pour <strong>satisfaire \u00e0 la fois les aspirations r\u00e9volutionnaires et pr\u00e9server certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la tradition monarchique<\/strong>. \u269c\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZGhzcXY5NmF2bTQyem04Z2Jud3ZkdzdkM2N1MmdtaTMxejIybHVzdSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/rB5V4Btqr8KHHd61aO\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Des poulets en bleu, blanc et rouge dansent. \" style=\"width:288px;height:288px\" width=\"288\" height=\"288\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les politiciens en 1791<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le 20 juin 1789, les membres de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale constituante, soutenus par une partie du clerg\u00e9 et de la noblesse, ont jur\u00e9 de ne <strong>pas se s\u00e9parer avant d&rsquo;avoir donn\u00e9 une Constitution<\/strong> \u00e0 la France. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle \u00ab <strong>le serment du Jeu de paume<\/strong> \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 3 septembre 1791, la France met en place une s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs dans la Constitution :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Le roi conserve le pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49\">\n            <span>\n            <p>\u00c9lue au suffrage indirect, l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale, compos\u00e9e de 745 membres, d\u00e9tient le pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif : elle surveille l&rsquo;administration, contr\u00f4le les forces arm\u00e9es et la politique \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udc49 \">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les juges sont ind\u00e9pendants.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Une seule institution pour faire les lois, bizarre non ? L\u2019id\u00e9e est de dire que<strong> la souverainet\u00e9 nationale n\u2019est pas divisible<\/strong> ! \ud83e\udd13<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExY3J1ejc5aXRlajRsNW82ZzJscmwxYm5lM2t0NjV4c3A1aXNlMGpzOSZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/tZXd5vBhZpnEhBwmS1\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Barbie et ses enfants font un c\u00e2lin. \" style=\"width:260px;height:260px\" width=\"260\" height=\"260\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Encore plus ins\u00e9parable que la famille de Barbie<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cette division renvoie \u00e0 la <strong>s\u00e9paration des pouvoirs de Montesquieu lors du s<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/leurope-des-lumieres\/\"><strong>i\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res<\/strong><\/a>. Cette \u00ab Constitution de 1791 \u00bb met en place :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u26f3\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">la souverainet\u00e9 de la Nation<\/strong> : le roi agit pour l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat de la Nation, pas en tant que monarque absolu.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u26f3\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">un gouvernement repr\u00e9sentatif du peuple<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019objectif est double : <strong>garantir l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 entre les citoyens et limiter l\u2019autorit\u00e9 royale<\/strong>. Le roi Louis XVI l\u2019accepte le 14 septembre 1791.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette constitution est censitaire ! Seuls les \u00ab citoyens actifs \u00bb, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire les hommes de plus de 25 ans payant une grosse contribution, ont le droit d&rsquo;\u00e9lire ou d&rsquo;\u00eatre \u00e9lus. Cela repr\u00e9sente environ 4 300 000 personnes sur 28 millions de Fran\u00e7ais. Les autres sont les \u00ab citoyens passifs \u00bb. Les femmes sont exclues de base. On est donc <strong>loin du suffrage universel<\/strong> ! \ud83d\uddf3<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExbDQ5MXNsc3JrZ2pqNmJ4dTViNXE2NTR0MXljc2F5aW1oeTBzODh2ZiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3o6gb3kkXfLvdKEZs4\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un homme regarde d\u00e9sesp\u00e9r\u00e9ment par la vitre.\" style=\"width:310px;height:167px\" width=\"310\" height=\"167\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les femmes dans ce syst\u00e8me<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le fonctionnement de la Monarchie constitutionnelle \ud83d\udee0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Que devient le roi ? Toujours \u00e0 la t\u00eate du royaume, il porte le titre de <strong>\u00ab roi des Fran\u00e7ais \u00bb<\/strong>. Il doit jurer de <strong>maintenir et appliquer la Constitution<\/strong> devant la nation. Sa fonction reste h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaire et il devient le <strong>chef d&rsquo;un gouvernement de six ministres <\/strong>qui sont responsables devant l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e nationale l\u00e9gislative.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La charge du roi est <strong>d&rsquo;administrer le pays, de nommer certains hauts fonctionnaires et de repr\u00e9senter la nation vis-\u00e0-vis de l&rsquo;\u00e9tranger<\/strong>. Enfin, il partage avec l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e le <strong>pouvoir de d\u00e9clarer ou faire cesser une guerre<\/strong>. Sa personne reste <strong>\u00ab inviolable et sacr\u00e9e \u00bb<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant ce temps, <strong>l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e nationale l\u00e9gislative propose et vote des lois<\/strong> tout en contr\u00f4lant l\u2019action du roi. C\u2019est aussi l\u2019institution qui \u00e9tablit le montant de l\u2019imp\u00f4t. \ud83e\udd11<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExem15Zzg4M2hiZWpoM2d2bTEyaHZjcTNjem5wcDkwdXFyYzVnamJ2MyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/uyWTOgNGGWfks\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Rihanna imite quelqu'un avec de l'argent.\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Autre nouveaut\u00e9 de cette p\u00e9riode :<strong> la naissance de droits pour les citoyens<\/strong> ! Cela inclut l&rsquo;\u00e9galit\u00e9 devant la loi, la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;expression et de la presse\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Rapidement, <strong>l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e et le roi entrent en conflit,<\/strong> car le monarque use beaucoup de son droit de v\u00e9to pour bloquer des lois. En plus, le pays est en proie \u00e0 une instabilit\u00e9 politique croissante. Les divisions internes au sein de l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e l\u00e9gislative emp\u00eachent la mise en \u0153uvre des r\u00e9formes. Cela <strong>affaiblit le gouvernement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Louis XVI vit assez mal de perdre autant ses pouvoirs<\/strong> et n\u2019avoir qu\u2019un r\u00f4le limit\u00e9. Il d\u00e9cide de fuir le 20 juin 1791 afin de <strong>demander de l\u2019aide \u00e0 l\u2019empereur d\u2019Autriche<\/strong>. Les monarchies europ\u00e9ennes ont peur que leur peuple se mette aussi \u00e0 faire la r\u00e9volution. Oupsi, il est <strong>reconnu sur le chemin<\/strong> \u00e0 Varennes. Le peuple le ram\u00e8ne \u00e0 Paris et n\u2019a plus confiance en lui. Mais il garde son tr\u00f4ne. \ud83e\udee0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 ce moment, deux camps se dessinent parmi les d\u00e9put\u00e9s : <strong>les \u00ab Feuillants \u00bb soutiennent le roi<\/strong> tandis que<strong> les \u00ab Jacobins \u00bb sont plus proches du peuple<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La chute de la monarchie constitutionnelle \ud83e\udd26\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La majorit\u00e9 des d\u00e9put\u00e9s souhaite qu&rsquo;une guerre \u00e9clate, avec des raisons diff\u00e9rentes :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2694\ufe0f <strong>r\u00e9gler le probl\u00e8me des nobles \u00e9migr\u00e9s<\/strong> qui menacent les fronti\u00e8res ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2694\ufe0f <strong>aider les peuples voisins<\/strong> \u00e0 mener leur r\u00e9volution ;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2694\ufe0f le roi et ses partisans pensent que l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e fran\u00e7aise perdra la guerre et que <strong>Louis XVI retrouvera son pouvoir absolu<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 20 avril 1792, <strong>l&rsquo;Assembl\u00e9e d\u00e9clare la guerre \u00e0 l&rsquo;Autriche<\/strong>. La Prusse attaque et c\u2019est une d\u00e9faite fran\u00e7aise. La premi\u00e8re d\u2019une longue s\u00e9rie. Pour se d\u00e9fendre, <strong>des volontaires s&rsquo;engagent dans l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e<\/strong> : les F\u00e9d\u00e9r\u00e9s convergent vers la capitale pour la d\u00e9fendre contre l&rsquo;envahisseur. Ceux qui viennent de Marseille entonnent le <em>chant de guerre pour l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e du Rhin<\/em> compos\u00e9 par Rouget de Lisle.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Ce chant devient <strong>l\u2019hymne national sous le nom de <\/strong><strong><em>Marseillaise<\/em><\/strong><strong> en 1795<\/strong>. \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le roi est <strong>tenu pour responsable de la d\u00e9faite militaire<\/strong>. Le pompon sur la Garonne, c\u2019est le 10 ao\u00fbt 1792. <strong>Le roi oppose son veto \u00e0 deux d\u00e9crets<\/strong> de l\u2019Assembl\u00e9e. La famille royale est alors enferm\u00e9e \u00e0 la prison du Temple et le pouvoir du roi est suspendu. Une nouvelle Assembl\u00e9e est \u00e9lue au suffrage universel masculin : la Convention nationale. Fin ao\u00fbt, <strong>la monarchie est abolie<\/strong> gr\u00e2ce au groupe politique des Montagnards, dirig\u00e9 par un certain Robespierre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re ! Le 20 septembre 1792, la victoire de Valmy arr\u00eate l\u2019ennemi. Le 22 septembre,<strong> la monarchie est abolie et la R\u00e9publique est d\u00e9clar\u00e9e<\/strong> tandis que Louis XVI est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0 mort. C\u2019est la fin de la Monarchie constitutionnelle. \u274c<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExOThxdmxnd2V5cWM1NGp4NHIwZDhkeDE2ZW5vdnEzaWdqZzlteHBwbCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/l4FAPaGGeB7D1LfIA\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un \u00e9cran de fin dit \u00ab the end \u00bb\" style=\"width:324px;height:182px\" width=\"324\" height=\"182\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La seconde Monarchie constitutionnelle (1814-1848) 2\ufe0f\u20e3<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La Restauration (1814-1830) \ud83e\udd34\ud83c\udffb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte de cr\u00e9ation \ud83d\udc76\ud83c\udffb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019empereur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/portrait-de-napoleon\/\"><strong>Napol\u00e9on Ier<\/strong><\/a><strong> abdique en 1814<\/strong> suite \u00e0 plusieurs d\u00e9faites, mettant fin \u00e0 l\u2019Empire. Il est envoy\u00e9 sur l\u2019\u00eele d&rsquo;Elbe pour y finir ses jours. C\u2019est le d\u00e9but de la <strong>Premi\u00e8re Restauration<\/strong>. Louis XVIII, fr\u00e8re de Louis XVI, monte sur le tr\u00f4ne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il prend rapidement la porte. En effet, d\u00e8s mars 1815, <strong>Napol\u00e9on regagne la France<\/strong> et rassemble ses hommes dans le but de reconqu\u00e9rir le pouvoir. Cette p\u00e9riode est connue sous le nom les <strong>\u00ab<\/strong> <strong>Cent-Jours \u00bb<\/strong>. L&#8217;empereur reprend les r\u00eanes du pays. Mais apr\u00e8s la d\u00e9faite de Waterloo, il est de nouveau exil\u00e9. Louis XVIII revient et entame la <strong>Seconde Restauration<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExZGE5dHFrbGF2Zm1jZWlndDlrdDF5d2NqdHpvc3dmY29ycmxrN2pubiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/SS8pUsNl8DSXjCKb7s\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un homme sort de sa cachette et dit \u00ab je suis de retour \u00bb.\" style=\"width:246px;height:246px\" width=\"246\" height=\"246\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Louis XVIII qui sort de sa cachette<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Louis XVIII est conscient que c\u2019est <strong>la fin de la monarchie absolutiste de <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-xiv\/\"><strong>Louis XIV<\/strong><\/a>. Il signe une Charte, visant \u00e0 trouver un <strong>\u00e9quilibre entre les int\u00e9r\u00eats de la monarchie restaur\u00e9e et les demandes de lib\u00e9ralisation politique<\/strong>. \u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                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     <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le fonctionnement de la Restauration \u2699\ufe0f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cette <strong>Charte constitutionnelle de 1815<\/strong>, quelques concessions sont faites :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd19\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/strong>,<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd19\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Respect des biens nationalis\u00e9s<\/strong> lors de la R\u00e9volution,<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd19\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Conservation du Code civil<\/strong> pour garantir l\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 des Fran\u00e7ais,<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd19\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">\u00c9galit\u00e9 des droits<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9tenteurs du pouvoir sont \u00e9tablis :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udd25\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Le roi dispose du pouvoir ex\u00e9cutif<\/strong> avec des pr\u00e9rogatives \u00e9tendues : il d\u00e9clare la guerre, commande les forces arm\u00e9es, fait les trait\u00e9s de paix, d\u2019alliance et de commerce, nomme les ministres et les emplois civils et militaires. Il <strong>poss\u00e8de aussi une partie du pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif <\/strong>: il a seul l\u2019initiative des lois et les promulgue.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udd25\">\n            <span>\n            <p>C\u2019est le <strong>d\u00e9but du bicam\u00e9risme avec deux chambres<\/strong>. La Chambre des Pairs est compos\u00e9e de membres nomm\u00e9s par le roi. Leur nombre n\u2019est pas limit\u00e9, ce qui permet au roi d\u2019en changer la majorit\u00e9 en nommant une \u00ab fourn\u00e9e de pairs \u00bb. La Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s des d\u00e9partements est \u00e9lue selon un suffrage censitaire, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire fond\u00e9 sur la richesse. Encore une fois, on est loin du suffrage universel. Le seul pouvoir autonome des chambres est le <strong>vote de l\u2019imp\u00f4t qui ne peut \u00eatre \u00e9tabli sans leur consentement<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udd25\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Le pouvoir judiciaire est<strong> exerc\u00e9 par les tribunaux et les juges <\/strong>conform\u00e9ment aux lois.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>Le retour des \u00c9migr\u00e9s, qui sont les nobles exil\u00e9s pendant la R\u00e9volution fran\u00e7aise, et leurs exigences inqui\u00e8tent le peuple. La nouvelle <strong>monarchie est vite impopulaire<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9lecteurs se r\u00e9unissent en trois factions principales :<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2b50\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Les doctrinaires (ou constitutionnels)<\/strong> sont associ\u00e9s au pouvoir entre 1816 et 1820.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2b50\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Les ultraroyalistes (ou Ultras)<\/strong>, les royalistes les plus extr\u00eames, souhaitent un retour \u00e0 l\u2019Ancien R\u00e9gime et refusent l\u2019id\u00e9e m\u00eame de la Charte.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2b50\ufe0f\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Les Lib\u00e9raux ou ind\u00e9pendants de gauche<\/strong> d\u00e9fendent les acquis juridiques de la R\u00e9volution : s\u00fbret\u00e9 des personnes, \u00e9galit\u00e9 civile, libert\u00e9 de conscience et de culte\u2026 Ils sont favorables \u00e0 une \u00e9volution du droit de vote.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p>Les ultraroyalistes remportent les \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives d&rsquo;ao\u00fbt 1815 : <strong>sur 400 d\u00e9put\u00e9s \u00e9lus, 350 sont des Ultras<\/strong>. Le roi la qualifie de <strong>\u00ab chambre introuvable \u00bb<\/strong>. Voulant se venger, ils m\u00e8nent une politique r\u00e9pressive. <strong>C&rsquo;est la Terreur blanche<\/strong> : les suspects de complot sont d\u00e9port\u00e9s, les civils et militaires qui ont rejoint Napol\u00e9on pendant les Cent-Jours sont jug\u00e9s\u2026 <strong>Le mar\u00e9chal Ney, proche de l\u2019ex-empereur, est ex\u00e9cut\u00e9 avec 15 g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude2a<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExcW01ZTJ3NTJ0Z2RrbDU3OXFldmRxa2xpMHowbGhxcXI5bDF6bm40NiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/TKq5QJt9hGIT9eQcSW\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Un homme secoue des b\u00e2tons dans les mains.\" style=\"width:316px;height:178px\" width=\"316\" height=\"178\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Pourquoi le blanc ? Car c\u2019est la couleur des royalistes ! \u26aa\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Louis XVIII dissout la chambre en 1816. Lors des nouvelles \u00e9lections,<strong> les ultraroyalistes ne repr\u00e9sentent plus que le tiers des \u00e9lus<\/strong>. C\u2019est alors la baston entre eux et les lib\u00e9raux ! \u00c0 travers les lois, <strong>les Ultras cherchent \u00e0 redonner pouvoir et biens aux \u00ab \u00e9migr\u00e9s \u00bb<\/strong> <strong>et \u00e0 limiter le droit de vote<\/strong>.<strong> Les Lib\u00e9raux tendent \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les privil\u00e8ges et \u00e0 tirer le r\u00e9gime vers plus de d\u00e9mocratie<\/strong>. \ud83d\uddf3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La mani\u00e8re d\u2019\u00e9lire change beaucoup<\/strong>. Th\u00e9oris\u00e9e en 1817, elle est modifi\u00e9e en 1820 puis en 1824. D\u00e9sormais les \u00e9lections g\u00e9n\u00e9rales se d\u00e9roulent tous les sept ans sans renouvellement partiel annuel. Les Ultras, qui poss\u00e8dent une \u00e9crasante majorit\u00e9 \u00e0 la Chambre des d\u00e9put\u00e9s apr\u00e8s leurs succ\u00e8s aux \u00e9lections de 1824, pensent <strong>pouvoir renforcer leur politique r\u00e9actionnaire<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcaa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la mort de Louis XVIII, <strong>Charles X acc\u00e8de au tr\u00f4ne en 1824<\/strong>. <strong>Les Ultras gagnent en influence<\/strong> et reviennent sur les libert\u00e9s garanties par la Charte : lois r\u00e9pressives sur les libert\u00e9s individuelles, censure de la presse\u2026 Le changement, c\u2019est maintenant !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais <strong>le nouveau monarque, tr\u00e8s royaliste, croit trop rapidement en sa popularit\u00e9<\/strong>. Il restitue l&rsquo;Ancien R\u00e9gime. Charles X ne prend pas en compte les r\u00e9sultats des \u00e9lections l\u00e9gislatives qui lui sont d\u00e9favorables. Cela <strong>provoque l&rsquo;union passag\u00e8re des bourgeois et des r\u00e9publicains<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finalement, <strong>Charles X appelle des royalistes mod\u00e9r\u00e9s pour former le gouvernement<\/strong>. Celui-ci est anim\u00e9 par Martignac, le ministre de l&rsquo;Int\u00e9rieur. Ce dernier tente une politique de r\u00e9formes, comme <strong>\u00ab d\u00e9mocratiser \u00bb les administrations locales<\/strong>, en proposant de faire \u00e9lire les conseillers des d\u00e9partements, des arrondissements et des municipalit\u00e9s. Attaqu\u00e9 de partout et non soutenu par le roi, <strong>Martignac doit d\u00e9missionner<\/strong> en ao\u00fbt 1829. \ud83d\ude31<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Si tu ne comprends pas <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/elections-france\/\">pour qui on vote, quand<\/a>\u2026 On t\u2019explique tout dans cet article !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin de la Restauration \ud83d\udc80<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En mars 1830, en r\u00e9ponse au discours du tr\u00f4ne assez mena\u00e7ant du monarque (on t\u2019a mis un extrait apr\u00e8s !), <strong>221 d\u00e9put\u00e9s sur 402 affirment qu&rsquo;ils n&rsquo;accordent pas leur confiance<\/strong> au gouvernement choisi par le roi. Aussit\u00f4t, <strong>le roi dissout la chambre<\/strong> et provoque de nouvelles \u00e9lections. <strong>L&rsquo;opposition passe \u00e0 274 d\u00e9put\u00e9s.<\/strong> \ud83d\ude05<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Extrait \ud83d\udcdc<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Vous repousserez avec m\u00e9pris les perfides insinuations que la malveillance cherche \u00e0 propager. Si de <strong>coupables man\u0153uvres suscitaient \u00e0 mon gouvernement des obstacles<\/strong> que je ne peux pr\u00e9voir ici, que je ne veux pas pr\u00e9voir, <strong>je trouverai la force de les surmonter dans ma r\u00e9solution<\/strong> de maintenir la paix publique, dans la juste confiance des Fran\u00e7ais et dans l&rsquo;amour qu&rsquo;ils ont toujours montr\u00e9 pour leur roi. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExMXpybjBycHJiMHRtYmN4MnlhcXcwNTQ5NXlzempycW5mMTc3eXE1cyZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3o7bu6ctZy3qGJyBkk\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Quelqu'un vote que des propositions \u00ab pas toi \u00bb. \" style=\"width:291px;height:218px\" width=\"291\" height=\"218\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Charles X d\u00e9cide alors d&rsquo;<strong>impl\u00e9menter des lois sans l\u2019avis des Chambres<\/strong>, ce qui est l\u00e9gal. Le 26 juillet, il convoque de nouvelles \u00e9lections. Pour assurer le succ\u00e8s de ses partisans, le roi signe <strong>quatre ordonnances qui dissolvent la chambre tout juste \u00e9lue, rendant encore plus restrictif le suffrage censitaire et restreignant la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Alors, c\u2019est la R\u00e9volution. Le 27 juillet commence le soul\u00e8vement des Parisiens qui durera trois jours : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/trois-glorieuses\/\"><strong>les Trois glorieuses<\/strong><\/a>. Le 30 juillet, <strong>les d\u00e9put\u00e9s et les pairs \u00e9lisent le duc d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans comme lieutenant g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du royaume<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Peut-\u00eatre as-tu \u00e9tudi\u00e9 en art plastique <strong>le tableau <\/strong><strong><em>La libert\u00e9 guidant le peuple<\/em><\/strong><strong> d\u2019Eug\u00e8ne Delacroix<\/strong>. Ce peintre du <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/romantisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">Romantisme<\/a> repr\u00e9sente cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement. \ud83d\uddbc<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Charles X n&rsquo;attend pas la guillotine pour partir. <strong>Le 2 ao\u00fbt, il abdique<\/strong> en faveur de son petit-fils le duc de Bordeaux et nomme r\u00e9gent le duc d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans. Puis, il fuit en Angleterre. <strong>La Restauration est termin\u00e9e<\/strong>. La France prend conscience qu&rsquo;un retour \u00e0 l&rsquo;Ancien R\u00e9gime est impossible. Commence alors la monarchie de Juillet.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-3.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-3.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-3.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"fr\u00e9d\u00e9rick winslow taylor\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Envie de progresser plus vite ? Prends un cours d&rsquo;histoire avec nos sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La monarchie de Juillet (1830-1848) \ud83d\udcc5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte de cr\u00e9ation \ud83d\udc23<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une proclamation r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par le journaliste Thiers propose la nomination du duc d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans<\/strong> et offre ainsi une <strong>solution aux d\u00e9put\u00e9s de l&rsquo;opposition lib\u00e9rale et \u00e0 la nouvelle commission municipale<\/strong> qui ne veulent pas d&rsquo;une R\u00e9publique. Apr\u00e8s une<strong> l\u00e9g\u00e8re r\u00e9vision de la Charte au profit de la bourgeoisie <\/strong>approuv\u00e9e le 7 ao\u00fbt, le duc d&rsquo;Orl\u00e9ans s&rsquo;engage \u00e0 la respecter. Le 9 ao\u00fbt, il est <strong>proclam\u00e9 roi des Fran\u00e7ais sous le nom de Louis-Philippe Ier<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExYXQ1anBibDcwc3p3NzE0ejh2azIyYmtzYzM2NGlvYnUzcmpnZ2NkYiZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/Jp4dchTKX6BzGkZ5DL\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Mister Bean fait le pitre avec la couronne royale. \" style=\"width:196px;height:196px\" width=\"196\" height=\"196\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Adolphe Thiers va conna\u00eetre un parcours politique impressionnant : d\u00e9put\u00e9, ministre de l\u2019Int\u00e9rieur, Pr\u00e9sident du Conseil\u2026<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le fonctionnement de la monarchie de Juillet \ud83d\udd27<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Que contient cette nouvelle Constitution ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Un <strong>syst\u00e8me parlementaire compos\u00e9 de deux chambres<\/strong> : la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s, \u00e9lue au suffrage censitaire restreint, et la Chambre des Pairs, compos\u00e9e de pairs h\u00e9r\u00e9ditaires nomm\u00e9s par le roi.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Louis-Philippe conserve des pouvoirs significatifs<\/strong>, dont celui ex\u00e9cutif. Il nomme les ministres, peut dissoudre la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s et dispose d&rsquo;un droit de veto sur les lois.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les <strong>ministres sont responsables devant le parlement<\/strong>. Ils doivent obtenir la confiance de la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s pour rester en fonction.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Le <strong>pouvoir l\u00e9gislatif est divis\u00e9 entre le roi et les Chambres<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Louis-Philippe ne porte plus le titre de roi de France et de Navarre, mais de <strong>\u00ab roi des Fran\u00e7ais \u00bb<\/strong>. Ses sujets deviennent des citoyens.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les<strong> libert\u00e9s publiques<\/strong> (libert\u00e9 religieuse, libert\u00e9 de la presse) sont confort\u00e9es ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Le catholicisme n&rsquo;est plus qualifi\u00e9 de religion d&rsquo;\u00c9tat <\/strong>;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Le <strong>drapeau tricolore est r\u00e9tabli<\/strong> ;<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\u2705\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Le droit de vote est limit\u00e9 aux citoyens masculins \u00e2g\u00e9s de plus de 30 ans qui paient un certain montant d&rsquo;imp\u00f4ts. Il y a d\u00e9sormais 168 000 \u00e9lecteurs sur une population de plus de 33 millions d&rsquo;habitants, <strong>soit 0,5% d&rsquo;\u00e9lecteurs<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La Chambre des Pairs a un r\u00f4le l\u00e9gislatif et peut examiner et voter sur les projets de loi propos\u00e9s par la Chambre des D\u00e9put\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>De 20 \u00e0 60 ans, tous ceux qui payent l&rsquo;imp\u00f4t sur leurs biens servent dans la Garde nationale \u00e0 partir de 1831. Cette arm\u00e9e volontaire est donc principalement compos\u00e9e de <strong>la bourgeoisie. <\/strong>Son r\u00f4le principal : <strong>intervenir pour d\u00e9fendre l&rsquo;ordre bourgeois contre les attaques des classes populaires<\/strong>. Elle est dissoute en 1835.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Devant la crise \u00e9conomique, le ch\u00f4mage et les faillites, <strong>l&rsquo;agitation gronde de 1831 \u00e0 1835<\/strong>. L&rsquo;\u00e9pid\u00e9mie de chol\u00e9ra qui s\u00e9vit \u00e0 Paris en 1832, et qui fait 20 000 victimes, amplifie le <strong>malaise social<\/strong>. Des conspirations menacent \u00e9galement le r\u00e9gime. Thiers, fait voter la loi de septembre 1835 condamnant les d\u00e9lits de presse et la propagande anticonstitutionnelle.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Trois choses constituent un d\u00e9lit de presse : la diffamation, l\u2019injure publique et l\u2019incitation au trouble \u00e0 l\u2019ordre public.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le nouveau r\u00e9gime se heurte \u00e0 une quadruple opposition, celle des courants :<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1c\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les l\u00e9gitimistes sont des royalistes qui consid\u00e8rent que le roi Louis-Philippe est un usurpateur. Ils esp\u00e8rent le r\u00e9tablissement du \u00ab vrai roi \u00bb, le comte de Chambord, petit-fils du roi Charles X.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1c\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les bonapartistes, qui se regroupent autour de Louis-Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte, neveu de Napol\u00e9on Ier. Ils souhaitent le retour de l\u2019Empire.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1c\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les r\u00e9publicains, qui s\u2019organisent en soci\u00e9t\u00e9s secr\u00e8tes, d\u00e9veloppent un programme politique : le suffrage universel masculin, la libert\u00e9 d&rsquo;association et la cr\u00e9ation d&rsquo;un enseignement primaire gratuit.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1c\">\n            <span>\n            <p>Les socialistes, qui sont tr\u00e8s divis\u00e9s et pas tr\u00e8s organis\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1c\">\n            <span>\n            <p>L\u2019orl\u00e9anisme, soutien du r\u00e9gime (il en faut bien !), se divise en deux tendances :<\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>le \u00ab\u00a0parti du mouvement\u00a0\u00bb, avec Thiers : le r\u00e9gime doit \u00e9voluer, avancer dans le sens du lib\u00e9ralisme.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>le \u00ab\u00a0parti de la r\u00e9sistance\u00a0\u00bb soutient que la Charte de 1830 est un point d\u2019arriv\u00e9e.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExdmRsdHBhZjV6eHJ2emsweHY3eWZqcGd3cmxjZjMzd2pqa3I3dHM4OCZlcD12MV9pbnRlcm5hbF9naWZfYnlfaWQmY3Q9Zw\/3ohzdTSVmYsSDX7CX6\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"C'est une succession de portrait-robots de politiciens.\" style=\"width:191px;height:244px\" width=\"191\" height=\"244\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin de la monarchie de Juillet \ud83d\udd1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre 1840 et 1848, le ministre des Affaires \u00e9trang\u00e8res Guizot refuse de r\u00e9former. Son programme est simple :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2693\ufe0f Paix \u00e0 l\u2019ext\u00e9rieur, par le rapprochement avec l\u2019Angleterre ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2693\ufe0f Progr\u00e8s \u00e9conomique, au souci de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9, dans une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 solidement encadr\u00e9e par les notables pour le pays.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Guizot d\u00e9clare \u00ab enrichissez-vous \u00bb<\/strong> : il invite les r\u00e2leurs \u00e0 rejoindre les rangs de la bourgeoisie pour \u00e9lire. On dirait une phrase des \u00ab Inconnus \u00bb. \ud83d\ude02<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les gens ne sont <strong>pas contents qu\u2019il n\u2019y ait pas de r\u00e9formes du r\u00e9gime \u00e9lectoral<\/strong>. La gauche demande une augmentation du nombre des \u00e9lecteurs gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l&rsquo;abaissement du cens \u00e9lectoral de 200 \u00e0 100 francs et la prise en compte des dipl\u00f4mes. Elle veut aussi interdire aux fonctionnaires en exercice de devenir d\u00e9put\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Faute d\u2019un v\u00e9ritable droit de r\u00e9union, la gauche organise une <strong>campagne de banquets politis\u00e9s destin\u00e9e \u00e0 soutenir leurs revendications<\/strong> \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1847. Peu \u00e0 peu, toutes les oppositions reprennent ce concept \u00e0 la fin de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 1847 \u00e0 Paris et dans les grandes villes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un dernier doit se tenir \u00e0 Paris le 22 f\u00e9vrier 1848, mais Guizot l\u2019interdit. Les Parisiens manifestent alors contre l\u2019interdiction, et la Garde nationale r\u00e9pond violemment. La capitale se couvre de barricades. Le 24 f\u00e9vrier, <strong>elle se soul\u00e8ve contre le gouvernement<\/strong>. Louis-Philippe doit abdiquer et s\u2019enfuit en Angleterre. <strong>La IIe R\u00e9publique est proclam\u00e9e<\/strong> la m\u00eame journ\u00e9e par les d\u00e9put\u00e9s. Mais, celle-ci ne sera pas longue et rapidement remplac\u00e9e par le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/second-empire\/\">Second Empire<\/a>. \ud83e\udd21<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0,<strong> tu sais d\u00e9sormais tout sur ces p\u00e9riodes de l\u2019histoire de France<\/strong> ! N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">prendre cours d\u2019histoire avec un Sherpa<\/a> pour en apprendre plus ! Sinon, tu peux laisser un commentaire ou mettre des \u00e9toiles. <strong>On se retrouve tr\u00e8s vite<\/strong> avec une nouvelle fiche ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;262738&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.7&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.7\\\/5 - (4 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La monarchie constitutionnelle en France : trois p\u00e9riodes, un r\u00e9gime \ud83d\udc51&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;133.8&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 133.8px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.7\/5 - (4 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En cours d\u2019histoire, tu \u00e9tudies les diff\u00e9rentes monarchies constitutionnelles en France. Cependant, tu confonds tout le monde ? (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":338,"featured_media":262746,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[358,375],"class_list":["post-262738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-france","tag-politique"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/338"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=262738"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/262738\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/262746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=262738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=262738"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=262738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}