{"id":260857,"date":"2023-07-06T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-07-06T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=260857"},"modified":"2025-02-13T10:15:49","modified_gmt":"2025-02-13T09:15:49","slug":"humanisme-mouvement-litteraire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/humanisme-mouvement-litteraire\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019humanisme, le courant intellectuel de la Renaissance \ud83d\udd8b"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Pour tes <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/francais\">cours de fran\u00e7ais<\/a>, tu dois \u00e9tudier tous les courants litt\u00e9raires ayant marqu\u00e9 la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise ? L\u2019humanisme ne fait pas exception ! Alors si tu veux en savoir plus <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/culture-generale\/\">(m\u00eame pour ta culture g\u00e9n\u00e9rale)<\/a>, on t\u2019explique de A \u00e0 Z ce mouvement culturel. Pr\u00eat \u00e0 voyager dans l\u2019Europe de la Renaissance ? C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\udcab<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u00e9finition de l\u2019humanisme \u270d\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019humanisme est un <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux\/\">mouvement intellectuel, artistique et litt\u00e9raire<\/a> qui na\u00eet au cours du XV\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en Italie <\/strong>(durant la Premi\u00e8re Renaissance du <em>Quattrocento<\/em>), avant d\u2019atteindre son apog\u00e9e au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle en Europe. Il se forme en r\u00e9action au dogmatisme religieux du Moyen-\u00c2ge. De plus, il d\u00e9passe le cadre de la litt\u00e9rature et touche tous les domaines : sciences, peinture, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/philosophie\/\">philosophie<\/a>\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"200\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/mouvement-litteraire-humanisme.gif\" alt=\"&quot;Tous&quot; les domaines\" class=\"wp-image-260903\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Son but ? <strong>Mettre l\u2019Homme au centre des pr\u00e9occupations, tout en renouant avec les valeurs et la culture de <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/antiquite\/\"><strong>l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9<\/strong><\/a>. Autrement dit, les humanistes ont foi en l\u2019\u00eatre humain, et le voient comme un individu qui se doit de cultiver corps et esprit pour s\u2019\u00e9panouir. Et pour cela, rien de mieux que de s\u2019appuyer sur la culture et la p\u00e9dagogie antique. Ici, pas d\u2019enseignement traditionnel (et religieux) fond\u00e9 sur du \u00ab par c\u0153ur \u00bb !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les caract\u00e9ristiques cl\u00e9s de l\u2019humanisme \ud83d\udddd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les th\u00e8mes principaux \ud83d\udcac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains grands th\u00e8mes reviennent \u00e0 plusieurs reprises dans les ouvrages humanistes.<\/p>\n\n\n<ul class=\"list-formatted\">\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udd8b\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>Les r\u00e9f\u00e9rences \u00e0 la pens\u00e9e antique<\/strong> : les humanistes n\u2019h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 \u00e9tudier en d\u00e9tail les \u00e9crits gr\u00e9co-romains afin de puiser dans leur sagesse. <strong>Sto\u00efcisme, scepticisme, \u00e9picurisme<\/strong>\u2026 diff\u00e9rents auteurs humanistes pr\u00f4nent ces anciennes philosophies. <strong>Traduire et diffuser les \u00e9crits antiques<\/strong> est donc une mission au c\u0153ur de leur travail.<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83d\udcad\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>L\u2019homme au centre de la r\u00e9flexion<\/strong> : les humanistes s\u2019int\u00e9ressent profond\u00e9ment \u00e0 la nature humaine. Pour eux, l\u2019homme est un \u00eatre rationnel pouvant <strong>devenir meilleur en cherchant son propre \u00e9panouissement<\/strong>. Comment ? En ayant la meilleure \u00e9ducation possible pour <strong>d\u00e9velopper ses capacit\u00e9s intellectuelles et son esprit critique<\/strong>. Litt\u00e9rature, art, culture, science\u2026 ils recommandent une instruction compl\u00e8te et vari\u00e9e !<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd1d\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>La tol\u00e9rance et l\u2019ouverture d\u2019esprit<\/strong> : par leurs \u00e9crits, les humanistes d\u00e9fendent des valeurs \u00e9thiques comme la tol\u00e9rance. <strong>Le dialogue est important<\/strong> : pas question d\u2019accepter des arguments d\u2019autorit\u00e9 ou des id\u00e9es re\u00e7ues. On parle de \u00ab <strong>libre-examen<\/strong> \u00bb ; il faut \u00eatre capable de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir par soi-m\u00eame. \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n<p>Dans un contexte o\u00f9 les Europ\u00e9ens se retrouvent face \u00e0 un \u00ab Nouveau Monde \u00bb (on t\u2019en parle plus tard), il ne s\u2019agit pas de c\u00e9der aux pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s ou de faire pr\u00e9valoir les valeurs occidentales. <strong>Des valeurs et v\u00e9rit\u00e9s jug\u00e9es alors acquises sont remises en question.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n                <li data-symbol=\"\ud83e\udd13\">\n            <span>\n            <p><strong>Une critique sociale et politique<\/strong> : au-del\u00e0 du cadre philosophique et culturel, des auteurs humanistes \u00e9crivent pour <strong>d\u00e9noncer certaines injustices ou des abus de pouvoir<\/strong> (en remettant en cause la monarchie de droit divin, par exemple). Cela se fait par le biais de genres litt\u00e9raires comme <strong>la satire ou l\u2019utopie<\/strong>. \ud83e\udd13<\/p>\n\n            <\/span>\n        <\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n    \n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s litt\u00e9raires majeurs \ud83d\udcdd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9crits humanistes s\u2019appuient sur plusieurs proc\u00e9d\u00e9s litt\u00e9raires :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019usage de la rh\u00e9torique<\/strong> : les humanistes consid\u00e8rent la rh\u00e9torique, l\u2019art de persuader par le langage (\u00e9crit ou oral), pri-mor-diale ! Leur discours se doit d\u2019\u00eatre argument\u00e9 : pour cela, ils n\u2019h\u00e9sitent pas \u00e0 <strong>utiliser des <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/figure-de-style\/\"><strong>figures de style<\/strong><\/a><strong> comme la m\u00e9taphore ou l\u2019all\u00e9gorie pour d\u00e9montrer leurs propos<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Une plume \u00e9logieuse<\/strong> : quitte \u00e0 promouvoir la langue fran\u00e7aise, autant le faire \u00e0 fond ! Les humanistes \u00e9crivent avec \u00e9l\u00e9gance et clart\u00e9. Le style du texte doit \u00eatre fluide. Choix des mots, formulations des phrases, figures de styles (p\u00e9riphrases, hyperboles)&#8230; Tout est fait pour <strong>embellir le discours et le rendre agr\u00e9able \u00e0 la lecture<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>L\u2019introspection et l\u2019\u00e9criture \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re personne<\/strong> : \u00ab moi, moi\u2026 \u00bb. L\u2019\u00e9crivain humaniste n\u2019est pas narcissique, au contraire ! Il se pose pas mal de questions sur lui-m\u00eame et sa place dans le monde. <strong>Il explore ses pens\u00e9es, ses exp\u00e9riences, ses questionnements. <\/strong>La remise en question de ses propres valeurs et croyances est permanente ! Le \u00ab je \u00bb s\u2019affirme dans les \u00e9crits humanistes avec le genre autobiographique.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/mouvement-litteraire-humanisme-2.gif?func=bound&amp;w=480&amp;h=270\" alt=\"Clip de Taylor Swift : &quot;c'est moi, c'est moi le probl\u00e8me&quot;\" class=\"wp-image-260927\" style=\"width:391px;height:220px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L&rsquo;humaniste dans sa t\u00eate<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">Je suis moi-m\u00eame la mati\u00e8re de mon livre<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">humaniste fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                   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class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                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                <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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            <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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            <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u2019o\u00f9 vient l\u2019humanisme ? \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte historique \u231b\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La p\u00e9riode de la Renaissance est marqu\u00e9e par <strong>plusieurs grandes d\u00e9couvertes qui bouleversent des croyances et v\u00e9rit\u00e9s jusque-l\u00e0 acquises<\/strong> : c\u2019est dans ce contexte que l\u2019humanisme \u00e9merge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nouveau Monde&nbsp;<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\uddfa En 1492, <strong>la d\u00e9couverte de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique par Christophe Colomb<\/strong> bouleverse profond\u00e9ment le rapport au monde des Hommes. En 1519, le navigateur Magellan se retrouve \u00e0 faire le tour du monde&nbsp; et d\u00e9couvre une zone au Sud de ce \u00ab nouveau \u00bb continent (le fameux d\u00e9troit de Magellan). Il s\u2019agit de nouvelles terres jusque-l\u00e0 inconnues en Europe !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Europ\u00e9ens se rendent donc compte que de grandes civilisations se sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es en dehors de leur territoire (et de leur carte g\u00e9ographique !).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-grands-navigateurs\/\">Toutes ces d\u00e9couvertes<\/a> vont <strong>amener les Europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 remettre en perspective leur existence<\/strong>. Face \u00e0 ces peuples, ils se posent de nouvelles questions sur l\u2019\u00eatre humain : \u00ab Qu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019humain ? \u00bb, \u00ab Est-ce que ces \u00ab nouveaux \u00bb peuples ont une \u00e2me ? \u00bb, etc. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, il y avait mati\u00e8re \u00e0 philosopher\u2026 \ud83d\udcad<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Zoom sur la controverse de Valladolid \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>La controverse de Valladolid<\/strong> en 1550 illustre bien ces questionnements. Ce grand d\u00e9bat politique et religieux visait \u00e0 d\u00e9terminer si l\u2019esclavage des peuples am\u00e9rindiens \u00e9tait l\u00e9gitime ou non. Finalement, l\u2019assembl\u00e9e juge que l\u2019esclavage n\u2019a pas lieu d\u2019\u00eatre : il est aboli pour les Am\u00e9rindiens.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/relance-cours-particulier-5.jpg\"\n                                    alt=\"Personne qui donne des cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Tu gal\u00e8res en histoire ? Prends un cours en ligne avec l&rsquo;un de nos profs particuliers !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Trouve ton prof !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La Terre et le Soleil<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd2d Second bouleversement : <strong>la R\u00e9volution copernicienne<\/strong>. Tu en as probablement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler. Depuis l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, on d\u00e9fendait la th\u00e9orie du <strong>g\u00e9ocentrisme<\/strong>, qui attestait que la Terre \u00e9tait au centre de l\u2019univers. Mais l\u2019astronome <strong>Nicolas Copernic<\/strong> fait tout basculer avec sa th\u00e9orie de <strong>l\u2019h\u00e9liocentrisme<\/strong>. Selon lui la Terre n\u2019est pas immobile et n\u2019est pas au centre de l\u2019univers\u2026 mais <strong>elle tourne autour du Soleil<\/strong> ! N\u2019est-ce pas ? \ud83c\udf1e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd14 Cette d\u00e9couverte fait pol\u00e9mique : elle <strong>modifie totalement la repr\u00e9sentation du monde<\/strong> de l\u2019\u00e9poque, alors que les croyances religieuses d\u00e9fendent un mod\u00e8le de g\u00e9ocentrisme. <strong>L\u2019homme n\u2019est pas au centre de l\u2019Univers<\/strong>\u2026 et \u00e7a ne pla\u00eet pas \u00e0 tout le monde ! \ud83d\ude29<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte artistique \ud83d\uddbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Humanisme, c\u2019est aussi un mouvement qui na\u00eet pendant la Renaissance, une p\u00e9riode de renouveau artistique. \ud83c\udfa8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83c\udfdb <strong>Un retour \u00e0 la culture gr\u00e9co-latine<\/strong> : les Humanistes sont de grands admirateurs de culture antique \u00ab oubli\u00e9e \u00bb ! Mais pourquoi \u00e9tait-elle \u00ab oubli\u00e9e \u00bb ? Pourquoi ce \u00ab retour \u00bb aux sources ? On t\u2019explique tout !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec la chute de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/empire-romain-monde-antique\/\">l\u2019Empire Romain<\/a> en 476 apr\u00e8s J.-C., <strong>de nombreux textes grecs et latins sont perdus ou d\u00e9truits<\/strong>.<strong> Heureusement, certains sont conserv\u00e9s par l\u2019Empire Byzantin.<\/strong> Mais en 1453, les Ottomans envahissent <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constantinople\/\">Constantinople<\/a>. Les intellectuels byzantins fuient la ville et viennent se r\u00e9fugier en Europe. Et devine ce qu\u2019ils emportent avec eux ? Les textes antiques ! \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udcdc Les Europ\u00e9ens red\u00e9couvrent totalement ces \u0153uvres grecques et latines antiques \u00ab oubli\u00e9es \u00bb.<\/strong>&nbsp; <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/mythologie\/\">La mythologie gr\u00e9co-romaine<\/a> devient une grande source d\u2019inspiration pour les artistes de l\u2019\u00e9poque. Dans les universit\u00e9s europ\u00e9ennes, les \u00e9crits des grands philosophes antiques (<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/aristote-portrait\/\">Aristote<\/a>, Platon) et les langues anciennes (<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-apprendre-le-latin\/\">latin<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/grec-ancien\">grec<\/a>, h\u00e9breu) sont \u00e9tudi\u00e9s. On parle d\u2019ailleurs de <em>\u00ab <\/em><strong><em>studia humanitatis<\/em><\/strong><em> \u00bb<\/em> (\u00ab <strong>humanit\u00e9s\/lettres classiques<\/strong> \u00bb) pour d\u00e9signer cette \u00e9tude des civilisations antiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcda <strong>L\u2019invention de l\u2019imprimerie en 1450<\/strong> (gr\u00e2ce au fameux Gutenberg !) participe \u00e9galement \u00e0 la diffusion des classiques de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 et des \u00e9crits humanistes. Ces changements contribuent \u00e0 la s\u00e9paration du savoir avec l\u2019\u00c9glise. En effet, pendant longtemps, le savoir fut transmis par des hommes religieux qui retranscrivaient les textes \u00e0 la main (et en latin !). Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019imprimerie, <strong>le savoir est diffus\u00e9 \u00e0 une plus grande \u00e9chelle, et ce sans interm\u00e9diaire eccl\u00e9siastique<\/strong>. On continue \u00e0 imprimer en latin, mais les \u00e9crits ne se limitent plus \u00e0 cette langue.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                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                 <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les grands auteurs et textes humanistes \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En France comme dans le reste de l\u2019Europe, certains auteurs humanistes ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 se faire une place dans l\u2019histoire de la litt\u00e9rature. Mais qui sont-ils ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"speaker\">\n        <div >\n            <h2 class=\"speaker__title\">En France \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7<\/h2>\n            <div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-montaigne.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Michel de Montaigne<\/div>\n                        <div>1533-1592<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Homme de lettres, il est connu pour ses Essais (1580), l\u2019\u0153uvre de sa vie. Dans cet ouvrage introspectif, il d\u00e9voile ses propres pens\u00e9es sur le monde et sur lui-m\u00eame, une nouveaut\u00e9 dans la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise. En traitant de sujets comme la religion, l\u2019art, le Nouveau Monde, etc., Montaigne pr\u00f4ne la tol\u00e9rance en d\u00e9non\u00e7ant les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s des Hommes.\r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-rabelais.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais<\/div>\n                        <div>(?-1553)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Grand \u00e9rudit et \u00e9crivain humaniste de la Renaissance, Rabelais tire le meilleur parti de l\u2019imprimerie en diffusant ses \u00e9crits en fran\u00e7ais, ce qui contribuera au d\u00e9veloppement de la langue. Par ses romans utopiques et satiriques (Pantagruel, Gargantua), il joue avec les mots et l\u2019humour, tout en d\u00e9non\u00e7ant le dogmatisme religieux de son \u00e9poque.\r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-ronsard.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Pierre de Ronsard<\/div>\n                        <div>(1525-1585)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Souvent qualifi\u00e9 de \u00ab prince des po\u00e8tes \u00bb, Ronsard est une figure embl\u00e9matique de la po\u00e9sie fran\u00e7aise. C\u2019est notamment lui qui \u00e9crit l\u2019ode Mignonne, allons voir si la rose (1550). Avec Joachim du Bellay, il fonde la Pl\u00e9iade, un groupe de sept po\u00e8tes ayant pour objectif d\u2019enrichir la langue fran\u00e7aise. \r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-du-bellay.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Joachim du Bellay<\/div>\n                        <div>(1522-1560)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">On lui doit le manifeste de la Pl\u00e9iade, D\u00e9fense et illustration de la langue fran\u00e7aise (1549), qui affirme les grandes id\u00e9es du groupe : d\u00e9fendre la langue fran\u00e7aise, enrichir le vocabulaire, imiter les Anciens et adopter de nouveaux genres po\u00e9tiques. Il est \u00e9galement l\u2019auteur du c\u00e9l\u00e8bre sonnet Heureux qui comme Ulysse.<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/profil-default.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">\u00c9tienne de La Bo\u00e9tie<\/div>\n                        <div>(1530-1563)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">La Bo\u00e9tie est connu pour son essai Discours de la servitude volontaire (1576). En analysant les rapports entre dominant et domin\u00e9, il questionne la l\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 de l\u2019autorit\u00e9. Comment et pourquoi l\u2019homme accepte-t-il de se soumettre ? Sa profonde amiti\u00e9 avec Montaigne reste \u00e9galement marquante dans l\u2019histoire de la litt\u00e9rature. <\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong>\u2705 Si tu souhaites d\u00e9couvrir un livre de Fran\u00e7ois Rabelais, on t\u2019invite \u00e0 lire <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/resume-de-gargantua\/\"><i>Gargantua<\/i><\/a><i>\u00a0<\/i><\/strong><strong>!<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83e\udd13 Bon plan<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">si tu veux en savoir plus sur ces grands auteurs fran\u00e7ais, on te conseille de <\/span><b>lire la BD <\/b><b><i>L\u2019incroyable histoire de la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise <\/i><\/b><b>(\u00e9dition Les Ar\u00e8nes BD)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400\">. L\u2019humanisme au XVI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle constitue la premi\u00e8re partie de l\u2019ouvrage. En plus, c\u2019est dr\u00f4le et super bien document\u00e9 !<\/span><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"speaker\">\n        <div >\n            <h2 class=\"speaker__title\">En Europe \ud83c\uddea\ud83c\uddfa<\/h2>\n            <div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-more.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Thomas More<\/div>\n                        <div>(1478-1535) <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Humaniste anglais, Thomas More est principalement connu pour son livre Utopie (1516), qui donnera son nom au genre litt\u00e9raire utopique. Il y d\u00e9crit une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 vivant sur une \u00eele imaginaire : absence de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e, de religion\u2026 Ce regard pr\u00f4ne l\u2019ouverture d\u2019esprit et la discussion. Paradoxalement, en 1535, la position de More sur le divorce du Roi Henri VIII conduira \u00e0 son emprisonnement et \u00e0 sa d\u00e9capitation. \r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/profil-default.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">\u00c9rasme<\/div>\n                        <div>(?-1536)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Philosophe et th\u00e9ologien n\u00e9erlandais, \u00c9rasme reste c\u00e9l\u00e8bre aujourd\u2019hui pour son \u00c9loge de la folie (1511). Son livre satirique, \u00e9crit pendant un s\u00e9jour chez son ami Thomas More, refl\u00e8te son combat contre le fanatisme religieux. La Folie, id\u00e9e abstraite, fait son propre \u00e9loge et montre ce qu\u2019elle procure aux autres, particuli\u00e8rement aux th\u00e9ologiens.\r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/humanisme-machiavel.jpeg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Nicolas Machiavel<\/div>\n                        <div>(1469-1527)<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Homme politique originaire de Florence (ville berceau de l\u2019humanisme), Machiavel est un profond humaniste, contrairement \u00e0 ce que pense l\u2019opinion commune. Il est connu pour Le Prince (1532) et Discours sur la premi\u00e8re d\u00e9cade de Tite-Live (1531), ouvrages de philosophie politique. L\u2019adjectif machiav\u00e9lique d\u00e9rive d\u2019ailleurs de son nom ! Il fait r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 un portrait manipulateur et rus\u00e9 du \u00ab Prince \u00bb (dans son \u0153uvre \u00e9ponyme).\r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet article est termin\u00e9 : tu sais d\u00e9sormais tout sur l\u2019humanisme. Cet article pourra t\u2019\u00eatre utile dans ta future analyse de texte ou dissertation : tu peux d\u00e8s \u00e0 pr\u00e9sent <strong>contextualiser une \u0153uvre de l\u2019\u00e9poque<\/strong> (dans la fameuse \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/phrase-daccroche\/\">phrase d\u2019accroche<\/a> \u00bb !) et <strong>rep\u00e9rer les grandes id\u00e9es humanistes dans les textes<\/strong> !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et n\u2019oublie pas : c\u2019est en lisant les livres humanistes que tu pourras davantage t\u2019impr\u00e9gner des valeurs et concepts transmis. Alors si tu veux te faire une culture litt\u00e9raire en b\u00e9ton et, qui sait, devenir un expert de l\u2019humanisme (eh oui, pourquoi pas ?), ouvre quelques \u0153uvres cit\u00e9es dans l\u2019article&nbsp; ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;260857&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;22&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.2&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.2\\\/5 - (22 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019humanisme, le courant intellectuel de la Renaissance \ud83d\udd8b&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;119.3&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 119.3px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.2\/5 - (22 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pour tes cours de fran\u00e7ais, tu dois \u00e9tudier tous les courants litt\u00e9raires ayant marqu\u00e9 la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise ? (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":260899,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,806],"tag":[371,337,786],"class_list":["post-260857","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-lettres","tag-courants-litteraires","tag-europe","tag-renaissance"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260857","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260857"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260857\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260899"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260857"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=260857"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=260857"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}