{"id":260337,"date":"2023-06-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-06-30T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=260337"},"modified":"2023-10-11T12:41:23","modified_gmt":"2023-10-11T10:41:23","slug":"apologue","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apologue\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019apologue : un moyen de critiquer en divertissant \ud83c\udfad"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>En cours de fran\u00e7ais, tu as entendu parler de l\u2019apologue\u2026 mais tu n\u2019as rien compris \u00e0 ce que c\u2019est ? C\u2019est bient\u00f4t le bac de fran\u00e7ais et ce mot se trouve dans tous tes plans ? Pas de panique, on va t\u2019expliquer ce que c\u2019est \u00e0 l\u2019aide de plein d\u2019exemples ! Comme \u00e7a, tu vas aussi pouvoir t\u2019entra\u00eener pour l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methode-dissertation-francais\/\">exercice de la dissertation<\/a>. Pr\u00eat ? C\u2019est parti !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"230\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/apologue-1-min.gif\" alt=\"marionnette qui tire des coups de feu\" class=\"wp-image-265805\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pr\u00eat \u00e0 d\u00e9finir l&rsquo;apologue ?<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les caract\u00e9ristiques de l\u2019apologue \u2b50<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un apologue, c\u2019est quoi ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le mot apologue vient du <strong>grec \u00ab <\/strong><strong><em>apologos<\/em><\/strong><strong> \u00bb qui signifie \u00ab r\u00e9cit d\u00e9taill\u00e9 \u00bb<\/strong>. D\u2019accord, mais \u00e7a ne te dit pas exactement ce qu\u2019est ce truc. Patience, on y arrive !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon le dictionnaire <a href=\"https:\/\/www.larousse.fr\/dictionnaires\/francais\/apologue\/4562\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">le Larousse<\/a>, c\u2019est \u00ab un <strong>court r\u00e9cit<\/strong> de faits r\u00e9els ou imagin\u00e9s en prose ou en vers, dont <strong>on tire une instruction morale<\/strong> \u00bb. Cela rel\u00e8ve donc de l\u2019argumentation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu le comprends rapidement, <strong>beaucoup d&rsquo;\u0153uvres ne sont pas des apologues<\/strong>. Par exemple, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/condition-homme-moderne\/\"><em>la Condition de l\u2019homme moderne<\/em><\/a> d\u2019Hannah Arendt :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c n\u2019est pas un r\u00e9cit ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c est long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ou encore, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/phedre-racine\/\"><em>Ph\u00e8dre<\/em><\/a> de Racine :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c est long ;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c n\u2019a pas d\u2019instruction morale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/declaration-des-droits-de-la-femme-et-de-la-citoyenne\/\"><em>la d\u00e9claration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>d\u2019Olympe de Gouges<em> <\/em>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c n\u2019est pas un r\u00e9cit,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u274c est long.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est sympa de te dire ce que n\u2019est pas un apologue, mais tu veux peut-\u00eatre savoir ce que c\u2019est plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment ! On va voir \u00e7a ensemble.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments cl\u00e9s de l\u2019apologue \ud83d\udddd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un apologue est un <strong>r\u00e9cit imag\u00e9 utilis\u00e9 pour faire une satire de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>. Il y a trois grandes caract\u00e9ristiques pour d\u00e9finir un apologue :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>un r\u00e9cit&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>avec une fonction didactique et&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>qui instruit et amuse.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Okay, \u00e7a fait beaucoup d\u2019informations. On va revoir \u00e7a point par point.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Une satire est une \u0153uvre <strong>critiquant les m\u0153urs d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>R\u00e9cit<\/strong> : l&rsquo;\u0153uvre met en sc\u00e8ne un r\u00e9cit, souvent avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/schema-narratif\/\">sch\u00e9ma narratif<\/a> mais aussi des personnages. Ce peut \u00eatre des hommes, des animaux, des concepts personnifi\u00e9s (c\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle une all\u00e9gorie)&#8230; \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/figure-de-style-bac-francais\/\">l\u2019all\u00e9gorie et d\u2019autres figures de style<\/a> ! \u2728<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Fonction didactique<\/strong> : <strong>le texte comprend une morale<\/strong>, un enseignement social\u2026 Bref, quelque chose que le lecteur doit apprendre ou retenir. Il y a donc un but argumentatif avec un enseignement. Les registres sont vari\u00e9s. Cela va du pol\u00e9mique au comique. \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Amusant<\/strong> : il peut \u00eatre compris par tous, petits et grands ! \ud83e\udd2a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces trois vis\u00e9es se compl\u00e8tent parfaitement. Le lecteur retient d&rsquo;autant mieux la port\u00e9e critique et didactique du texte car il l&rsquo;associe \u00e0 une histoire amusante. Malin, non ? \ud83d\ude08&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les diff\u00e9rentes formes d&rsquo;apologue \ud83e\uddd0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le concept, vu ! Les caract\u00e9ristiques, vues ! ! Il te reste encore \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir les diff\u00e9rentes formes d\u2019apologue. Eh oui, il en existe une vari\u00e9t\u00e9 !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fable \ud83e\uddda\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2640\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On commence avec la fable ! C\u2019est un <strong>tr\u00e8s court r\u00e9cit de fiction<\/strong> &#8211; environ trente lignes maximum &#8211; en vers ou en prose, et <strong>accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019une morale<\/strong>. Il comprend g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement des <strong>\u00e9l\u00e9ments du merveilleux<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire que le surnaturel est admis.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-loup-et-lagneau\/\">Le loup et l\u2019agneau<\/a> \u00bb<em>,<\/em> Jean de La Fontaine invente un <strong>dialogue en vers entre deux animaux, <\/strong>comme son nom l\u2019indique. La <strong>morale est explicite<\/strong> : \u00ab la raison du plus fort est toujours la meilleure \u00bb. Autrement dit, le m\u00e9chant roi personnifi\u00e9 par le loup d\u00e9cide de manger l\u2019agneau, qui est le peuple, sans v\u00e9ritable justification.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La Fontaine a une sacr\u00e9e dent contre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-xiv\/\">Louis XIV<\/a> car celui-ci a enferm\u00e9 en prison son ami Nicolas Fouquet.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/9ARG5lMIjKSblf7fhL\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"La Fontaine \u00e9crit des apologues pour remettre Louis XIV \u00e0 sa place.\n\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>La Fontaine vs Louis XIV<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La le\u00e7on de vie est \u00ab amusante \u00bb, m\u00eame si on a encore mal au c\u0153ur en pensant \u00e0 l\u2019agneau. \ud83d\ude22<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/apologue-3.gif\" alt=\"Pauvre mouton, sacrifi\u00e9 pour un apologue\" class=\"wp-image-265813\" style=\"width:513px;height:218px\" width=\"513\" height=\"218\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Pauvre b\u00eate\u2026 \ud83d\udc11<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le conte \ud83d\udcd6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Il existe diff\u00e9rents types de contes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le conte \u00ab classique \u00bb\ud83d\udc78<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un conte est une <strong>histoire de faits invent\u00e9s<\/strong> avec des p\u00e9rip\u00e9ties dans le but de distraire. C\u2019est souvent un h\u00e9ros qui poursuit une qu\u00eate et se bat contre des opposants \u00e0 l\u2019aide de ses amis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Tu connais sans doute <em>Le Petit chaperon rouge <\/em>dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-contes-de-perrault\/\"><em>Les<\/em> <em>contes<\/em> de Perrault<\/a> ? Eh bien oui, <strong>derri\u00e8re cette histoire enfantine se cache une morale <\/strong>! Lors de l\u2019\u00e9mancipation des jeunes filles, elles doivent <strong>se m\u00e9fier de certains hommes <\/strong>qui pourraient leur vouloir du mal. Il ne faut donc pas se fier aveugl\u00e9ment aux flatteurs et aux hommes qui trompent les jeunes femmes. Le petit chaperon rouge n\u2019aurait pas d\u00fb \u00e9couter le loup qui repr\u00e9sente le m\u00e9chant gar\u00e7on (et le m\u00e9chant gar\u00e7on ne doit plus l\u2019\u00eatre \u00e9galement !).<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/4siN8GQjEHKDkomJHG\/giphy-downsized-large.gif\" alt=\"le petit chaperon rouge, version apologue\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS8=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le conte philosophique \ud83d\udcdc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Au <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/leurope-des-lumieres\/\">si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res<\/a>, <strong>Voltaire d\u00e9bute un genre nouveau : le conte philosophique<\/strong>. Il les surnomme des \u00ab petits morceaux de philosophie all\u00e9gorique \u00bb. Proche du conte dans sa structure et ses caract\u00e9ristiques, il <strong>aborde des th\u00e8mes s\u00e9rieux<\/strong> de fa\u00e7on plus explicite : la morale, la religion\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ecrivains-pseudonymes\/\">Beaucoup d\u2019auteurs utilisent un pseudonyme<\/a> ! D\u00e9couvres-en d\u2019autres !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/candide-voltaire-resume\/\"><em data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Candide<\/em><\/a> de Voltaire est un conte philosophique par excellence ! Le h\u00e9ros \u00e9ponyme vit plein de gal\u00e8res. Les aventures se succ\u00e8dent et ne se ressemblent pas. C\u2019est un <strong>roman divertissant pour enfants<\/strong>. Et pourtant, sous une deuxi\u00e8me lecture, <strong>l\u2019auteur traite de sujets s\u00e9rieux <\/strong>: la guerre, l\u2019esclavagisme, l\u2019optimisme\u2026 Tout est remis en question ! \u2049\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019utopie \ud83c\udf08<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Le monde d\u00e9crit dans ces contes est <strong>similaire \u00e0 celui des bisounours<\/strong>. On prend une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 et on l\u2019id\u00e9alise \u00e0 mort. Tout est parfait. Objectif : <strong>critiquer le corps social <\/strong>dans lequel l\u2019auteur vit en pointant les <strong>d\u00e9fauts qui devraient dispara\u00eetre <\/strong>et les choses qu\u2019il faudrait am\u00e9liorer. Le terme a \u00e9t\u00e9 invent\u00e9 par Thomas More avec son livre <em>Utopie<\/em>, publi\u00e9 en 1516.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lile-des-esclaves-marivaux\/\" data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">L\u2019\u00eele des esclaves<\/a>, dans la pi\u00e8ce de th\u00e9\u00e2tre de Marivaux, est une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 id\u00e9ale. Les ma\u00eetres deviennent esclaves et inversement. Or, tous les ma\u00eetres n\u2019accepteraient pas \u00e7a. <em>Spoiler<\/em> : le fait que les ma\u00eetres changent d\u2019opinion et consid\u00e8rent leurs serviteurs comme leurs \u00e9gaux, et que ces derniers acceptent de pardonner \u00e0 leurs ma\u00eetres n\u2019est pas humain (ou alors, ils ne sont pas rancuniers) non plus. C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle un<strong> \u00ab id\u00e9al irr\u00e9aliste \u00bb<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La contre-utopie ou dystopie \ud83d\udc79<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu as s\u00fbrement entendu parler de ce type de r\u00e9cit avec <em>Hunger Games <\/em>ou <em>Divergente <\/em>par exemple. Tout simplement, c\u2019est <strong>l\u2019inverse de l\u2019utopie<\/strong>. Le plus souvent bas\u00e9 sur l\u2019existence d\u2019un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/regimes-totalitaires\/\">\u00c9tat totalitaire<\/a>, ce type de conte t\u00e9moigne <strong>des d\u00e9rives possibles de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 <\/strong>en imaginant le pire sc\u00e9nario possible. C\u2019est fond\u00e9 sur des principes condamnables et appartient au genre d\u2019anticipation.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"257\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/apologue-5-min-1-1.gif\" alt=\"Hunger Games, la repr\u00e9sentation de la dystopie\" class=\"wp-image-265817\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Comment on justifie des combats \u00e0 mort dans une ar\u00e8ne<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/vit-on-dans-dystopie\/\">diff\u00e9rents types de dystopie<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-meilleur-des-mondes-d-huxley\/\"><strong><em data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Le meilleur des Mondes<\/em><\/strong><\/a> <strong>d\u2019Aldous Huxley est <\/strong><strong><em>THE<\/em><\/strong><strong> dystopie <\/strong>par excellence. \u00c9crit \u00e0 la sortie de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est encore choqu\u00e9e des progr\u00e8s et <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/\">inventions de la R\u00e9volution industrielle<\/a>. Elle d\u00e9veloppe une vision pessimiste des avanc\u00e9es technologiques et de la science. En r\u00e9ponse \u00e0 cela, Huxley \u00e9crit ce livre dans lequel<strong> les b\u00e9b\u00e9s naissent par \u00e9prouvette<\/strong>. En plus, la <strong>soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est divis\u00e9e en castes<\/strong>. Le tout, <strong>sous un <\/strong><strong>\u00c9tat totalitaire<\/strong>. Bref, c\u2019est charmant. \ud83d\udd77\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La parabole \ud83d\udce1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce type de narration, oral comme \u00e9crit, <strong>provient des livres sacr\u00e9s<\/strong>. \u00c0 travers la morale se dessine une <strong>le\u00e7on d\u2019ordre religieux ou spirituel<\/strong>. Les \u00e9l\u00e9ments de la parabole sont souvent emprunt\u00e9s d\u2019<strong>\u00e9l\u00e9ments du quotidien<\/strong> pour que l\u2019auditoire puisse s\u2019y retrouver facilement.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83e\udde9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Tu connais peut-\u00eatre l<strong>\u2019expression \u00ab fils prodigue \u00bb<\/strong>. Mais sais-tu d\u2019o\u00f9 elle vient ? Elle est tir\u00e9e de <em>la Bible<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Un homme, lass\u00e9 de vivre sous le joug de son p\u00e8re et en qu\u00eate de libert\u00e9, d\u00e9cide de quitter le foyer familial. Seul, il profite de la vie\u2026 Et de l\u2019argent de son p\u00e8re qu\u2019il dilapide en faisant n\u2019importe quoi. D\u00e9muni et finalement peu satisfait de ses exc\u00e8s, il n\u2019a d\u2019autre choix que de se trouver un nouveau ma\u00eetre. Mauvaise pioche ! Ce dernier est rigide et lui m\u00e8ne la vie dure. Malheureux, il d\u00e9cide finalement de retourner vivre avec son p\u00e8re.. Pas rancunier, celui-ci n\u2019a jamais cess\u00e9 de l\u2019aimer et <strong>court vers son fils quand il revient<\/strong>. Il organise m\u00eame une f\u00eate car \u00ab mon fils que voici \u00e9tait mort, et il est revenu \u00e0 la vie ; il \u00e9tait perdu, et il est retrouv\u00e9 \u00bb ! C\u2019est une <strong>histoire sur l\u2019importance du pardon<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude4f<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/francais\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Envie de progresser plus vite en fran\u00e7ais ? Prends un cours avec nos sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est offert !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019historique de l\u2019apologue \u231b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sous l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 \ud83c\udffa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Qui est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019apologue ? Comme d\u2019habitude, c\u2019est le <strong>philosophe Platon<\/strong>, l\u2019auteur de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/analyse-allegorie-caverne-platon-sherpas\/\"><em>l\u2019all\u00e9gorie de la caverne<\/em><\/a> au V\u00e8me si\u00e8cle avant J\u00e9sus-Christ qui a tout commenc\u00e9\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le genre est rapidement <strong>repris avec le po\u00e8te grec \u00c9sope<\/strong> qui a \u00e9crit des tas de fables en prose. De m\u00eame, le po\u00e8te Ph\u00e8dre \u00e9crit d\u2019autres textes en vers au Ier si\u00e8cle apr\u00e8s JC.<br>Cela se poursuit \u00e9galement pendant le Moyen-\u00c2ge, notamment avec<em> le Roman de Renart<\/em>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque classique et au si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res \ud83d\udca1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors de l\u2019\u00e9poque du Classicisme au<strong> XVIIe si\u00e8cle, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e2ge d\u2019or de l\u2019apologue<\/strong> ! Eh oui, c\u2019est le d\u00e9but du r\u00e8gne de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-xiv\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-xiv\/\">Louis XIV<\/a> : c\u2019est le durcissement de la censure, l\u2019arrestation de Fouquet\u2026 <strong>On ne peut plus trop \u00e9crire comme on veut<\/strong> et cracher sur le pouvoir royal ! En plus, le but primordial \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode est de plaire et d\u2019instruire. L\u2019art doit provoquer la r\u00e9flexion par le biais d\u2019une forte r\u00e9action \u00e9motionnelle, sinon, il reste superficiel et inutile.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/Vdmsw8S3jEotFUOn2C\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"L'art, source de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>L&rsquo;art, source de cr\u00e9ativit\u00e9<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode que La Fontaine \u00e9crit trois <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-fables-de-jean-de-la-fontaine\/\">recueils de Fables<\/a> et popularise bien le genre. Bon, on ne va pas se mentir, \u00e7a perd un peu de sa superbe apr\u00e8s.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Tu ne connais rien aux <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux\/\">mouvements litt\u00e9raires<\/a> ? On t\u2019a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 une fiche ! \ud83d\ude1d<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Quant au XVIII\u1d49, c\u2019est le si\u00e8cle des Lumi\u00e8res ! L\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/l-esprit-des-lumieres\/\">esprit critique<\/a> de ce temps am\u00e8ne plusieurs philosophes \u00e0 <strong>d\u00e9noncer des th\u00e8mes g\u00e9n\u00e9raux<\/strong> : la religion, le pouvoir absolu\u2026 Mais une fois encore,<strong> la censure fait rage<\/strong>. Pour y faire face, les \u00e9crivains utilisent des apologues.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque moderne et contemporaine \ud83e\ude96<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les si\u00e8cles suivants, les auteurs comme Victor Hugo continuent d\u2019\u00e9crire des apologues. De <strong>nouveaux genres d\u2019apologues naissent <\/strong>afin de continuer de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e la critique, \u00e0 l\u2019instar de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/resume-de-1984-de-george-orwell\/\"><em>1984<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>de Georges Orwell. L\u2019auteur d\u00e9nonce les potentielles d\u00e9rives d\u2019un r\u00e9gime totalitaire ! Un peu ce que fait <em>Black Mirror<\/em> avec les nouvelles technologies. <strong>D\u2019autres<\/strong> <strong>auteurs continuent d\u2019utiliser des anciens styles<\/strong>, comme <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-petit-prince-de-saint-exupery\/\"><em>le Petit Prince<\/em><\/a> de Saint-Exup\u00e9ry qui est un conte philosophique !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, tu sais d\u00e9sormais tout sur l\u2019apologue, une forme de critique tr\u00e8s r\u00e9pandue dans la litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise ! On esp\u00e8re que cette fiche t\u2019aura plu et que tu auras d\u00e9couvert de nouvelles r\u00e9f\u00e9rences. N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 nous laisser un commentaire. \u00c0 tant\u00f4t ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;260337&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.6&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.6\\\/5 - (5 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019apologue : un moyen de critiquer en divertissant \ud83c\udfad&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;101.9&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 101.9px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.6\/5 - (5 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>En cours de fran\u00e7ais, tu as entendu parler de l\u2019apologue\u2026 mais tu n\u2019as rien compris \u00e0 ce que (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":338,"featured_media":260599,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,805],"tag":[317,79,355],"class_list":["post-260337","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-francais","tag-bac","tag-lycee","tag-terminale"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260337","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/338"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=260337"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/260337\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/260599"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=260337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=260337"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=260337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}