{"id":258589,"date":"2023-05-31T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2023-05-31T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=258589"},"modified":"2025-01-09T13:47:53","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T12:47:53","slug":"alain-philosophe","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/alain-philosophe\/","title":{"rendered":"Alain : le philosophe r\u00e9publicain, radical et pacifiste \ud83d\udcad"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Alain, de son vrai nom \u00c9mile-Auguste Chartier, est un philosophe du XIX\u00e8me et XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Bien qu\u2019il ne soit pas <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/https-sherpas-com-blog-philosophes-incontournables\/\">le plus connu des philosophes<\/a>, sa post\u00e9rit\u00e9 est encore tr\u00e8s importante\u2026 Et pas simplement parce qu\u2019il est bon p\u00e9dagogue ! Qui est-il ? Quelles sont ses id\u00e9es et sa philosophie ? On va voir \u00e7a ensemble \u00e0 travers cette biographie. Accroche-toi, on y va ! \ud83e\uddb5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"fiche-didentite\">Fiche d\u2019identit\u00e9 \ud83d\udc64<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1573\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1573\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Nom de naissance<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Emile-Auguste Chartier<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Date et lieu de naissance<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">3 mars 1868 \u00e0 Mortagne-au-Perche (Orne)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Date et lieu de mort<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">2 juin 1951 au V\u00e9sinet (Yvelines)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Courants<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Radicalisme, r\u00e9publicain<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Oeuvres notables<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Propos sur la religion (1908-1935), Mars ou la critique de la guerre (1921), Propos sur le bonheur (1925), Les Dieux (1933)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1573 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"presentation-rapide-dalain\">Pr\u00e9sentation rapide d\u2019Alain \ud83d\udc40<\/h2>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Penser, c\u2019est dire non \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"enfance-et-education-dalain\">Enfance et \u00e9ducation d&rsquo;Alain \ud83d\udc66\ud83c\udffc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Alain est un enfant de la campagne<\/strong> n\u00e9 lors de la deuxi\u00e8me moiti\u00e9 du XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Durant son enfance,<strong> il voit de nombreux progr\u00e8s techniques<\/strong> : apparition de la voiture, de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, de l\u2019avion\u2026 Tous ces trucs qui nous paraissent normaux \u00e9taient neufs pour lui !&nbsp; Cette m\u00e9tamorphose \u00e9conomique et technique a beaucoup influenc\u00e9 la pens\u00e9e de l\u2019auteur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Tu connais les p\u00e9riodes de grands progr\u00e8s ? <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/\">D\u00e9couvre la R\u00e9volution industrielle !\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon lui, ces \u00e9volutions sont <strong>le signe d\u2019un monde en transformation<\/strong>. Plus tu as de moyens de satisfaire tes d\u00e9sirs, plus de nouvelles envies naissent. Produire est devenu une obsession. Les \u00c9tats sont obs\u00e9d\u00e9s par l\u2019accroissement de leur puissance : le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique est d\u2019abord un effort de guerre. \u2694\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab \u2026Produire n\u2019est pas une fin ; c\u2019est une vie humaine pour tous qui est la fin ; c\u2019est l\u2019individu libre qui est la fin. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 terme, ce processus pourrait conduire le monde \u00e0 sa ruine. Optimiste comme tout le Alain !\ud83d\udc80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Allez, on continue sa biographie. En 1881, il entre au lyc\u00e9e d&rsquo;Alen\u00e7on. Ses auteurs pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9s sont Hom\u00e8re, Platon, Descartes, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-pere-goriot\/\">Balzac<\/a> et <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-rouge-et-le-noir\/\">Stendhal<\/a>. <strong>Il lit le grec ancien mieux que le latin<\/strong>. Gros fayot de la classe ! \ud83e\udd13<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/vVKqa0NMZzFyE\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"LV1 d'Alain ? Le latin \ud83e\udd21\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>\u00c9mile-Auguste, \u00e9l\u00e8ve s\u00e9rieux&nbsp;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Il opte pour une pr\u00e9paration litt\u00e9raire au lyc\u00e9e Michelet de Vanves \u00e0 partir de 1886. Et l\u00e0, c\u2019est le coup de foudre ! Tu vois le couple amical \u00ab Platon\/Aristote \u00bb ? Il y en a un autre moins connu : <strong>Jules Lagneau\/\u00c9mile-Auguste Chartier<\/strong>. C\u2019est ce prof qui l\u2019oriente vers la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/philosophie\/\">philosophie<\/a>. \ud83e\udec2<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lheritage-de-la-pensee-grecque-et-latine\/\">l\u2019h\u00e9ritage des pens\u00e9es grecque et latine<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure en toute simplicit\u00e9, il passe ensuite l\u2019agr\u00e9gation de philosophie. Son classement ? Troisi\u00e8me. Encore plus de simplicit\u00e9.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s des \u00e9tudes brillantes, il a une carri\u00e8re brillante. Ainsi, il est professeur dans plusieurs lyc\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de 1892\u2026 dont <strong>professeur de<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/khagne-ulm-ou-lyon\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"228048\"> kh\u00e2gne<\/a> au lyc\u00e9e Henri IV<\/strong> (un petit lyc\u00e9e pas tr\u00e8s connu \ud83d\ude02) \u00e0 Paris de 1909 \u00e0 1933.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/mIZ9rPeMKefm0\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\u00c9l\u00e8ve \u00e0 l'ENS, agr\u00e9gation de philosophie, prof \u00e0 Henri IV... Dur, dur son travail !\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Le prix Nobel, c&rsquo;est de l&rsquo;eau<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Alain a marqu\u00e9 des g\u00e9n\u00e9rations d\u2019\u00e9tudiants puisqu\u2019<strong>il a eu comme \u00e9l\u00e8ve Simone Weil (\u00e0 ne pas confondre avec <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/une-vie-simone-veil\/\"><strong>Simone Veil<\/strong><\/a><strong> !), Raymond Aron et Georges Canguilhem<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Simone Weil est une philosophe humaniste, et commentatrice de Platon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Raymond Aron est un philosophe, historien et journaliste.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul>\n<li>Georges Canguilhem est un philosophe et r\u00e9sistant.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils ont tous les trois int\u00e9gr\u00e9 l\u2019\u00c9cole normale sup\u00e9rieure.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"influences-philosophiques-un-auteur-humaniste\">Influences philosophiques : un auteur humaniste&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u00e9ritier principalement de Descartes<\/strong> et de son fameux \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/cogito-descartes\/\">je pense donc je suis<\/a> \u00bb, Alain est un <strong>fervent partisan du pouvoir de la raison<\/strong>. Mais il a d\u2019autres mod\u00e8les : Platon, Spinoza, Kant et Comte.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 Platon est un des premiers philosophes ayant v\u00e9cu au Ve si\u00e8cle av. J-C en Gr\u00e8ce. Il est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/analyse-allegorie-caverne-platon-sherpas\/#:~:text=%F0%9F%92%A1La%20caverne%20repr%C3%A9sente%20le,r%C3%A9v%C3%A9lation%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9.\">all\u00e9gorie de la caverne<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 Spinoza est un philosophe n\u00e9erlandais du XVIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 Kant est un philosophe allemand du XVIIIe si\u00e8cle, fondateur du \u00ab criticisme \u00bb et de la doctrine dite \u00ab id\u00e9alisme transcendantal \u00bb<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u2705 Comte est un philosophe et sociologue fran\u00e7ais du XIXe si\u00e8cle, fondateur du positivisme.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Rationaliste, Alain accorde une <strong>importance d\u00e9cisive au jugement<\/strong>, qui lib\u00e8re des apparences subjectives de la sensation. Le but de la philosophie ? <strong>Apprendre \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et \u00e0 penser rationnellement en \u00e9vitant les pr\u00e9jug\u00e9s<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Humaniste, il est un \u00ab \u00e9veilleur d&rsquo;esprit \u00bb. Il aime se m\u00e9fier des id\u00e9es toutes faites. La capacit\u00e9 de jugement que donne la perception doit \u00eatre en prise directe avec la r\u00e9alit\u00e9 du monde. Bref, la pens\u00e9e, c&rsquo;est le sang de la veine ! \ud83c\udf89<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/philosophie\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Fan de philo ? Progresse plus vite avec nos Sherpas !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Le premier cours est gratuit !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alain-et-la-politique\">Alain et la politique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contexte-la-iiie-republique\">Contexte : la IIIe R\u00e9publique&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1870, l\u2019Empire fran\u00e7ais se prend une racl\u00e9e contre la Prusse : c\u2019est la bataille de Sedan. Suite \u00e0 cela, c\u2019est la panique en quelques mois !&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour te r\u00e9sumer :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>2 septembre 1870 : d\u00e9faite<\/strong>, Napol\u00e9on III est captur\u00e9. \u26d3\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>4 septembre 1870 : la Troisi\u00e8me R\u00e9publique est proclam\u00e9e<\/strong> par Gambetta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Peu apr\u00e8s, <strong>Napol\u00e9on III part en exil<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Apr\u00e8s quelques batailles, <strong>la France s\u2019avoue finalement vaincue<\/strong>. Lors d\u2019un trait\u00e9 de paix, sign\u00e9 \u00e0 Francfort le 10 mai 1871, la France perd d\u2019une grosse partie de l&rsquo;Alsace, d&rsquo;une partie de la Lorraine et des Vosges.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout semble aller bien puisque <strong>c\u2019est le d\u00e9but de la \u00ab Belle \u00e9poque \u00bb<\/strong>&#8230; Mais ce n\u2019est que de surface ! Les Fran\u00e7ais ne cessent de dramatiser la situation et d\u2019attendre une revanche pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer les territoires \u00ab vol\u00e9s \u00bb. Le pays commence d\u00e9j\u00e0 une pr\u00e9paration militaire.&nbsp;\ud83e\ude96<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>La \u00ab Belle \u00e9poque \u00bb est une p\u00e9riode de progr\u00e8s sociaux, \u00e9conomiques, technologiques et politiques s&rsquo;\u00e9tendant de la fin du XIX si\u00e8cle \u00e0 1914.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019accord, mais quel rapport avec notre cher \u00c9mile-Auguste ? Eh bien cela va influencer \u00e9galement ses id\u00e9es. En fait, <strong>ses dates de vie et de mort correspondent quasiment exactement \u00e0 celles de la Troisi\u00e8me R\u00e9publique<\/strong>. C\u2019est un radical au sens de la fid\u00e9lit\u00e9 aux id\u00e9es r\u00e9publicaines. Il d\u00e9veloppe un <strong>sens important de la patrie<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Pour comprendre la politique fran\u00e7aise, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/une-vie-simone-veil\/\">d\u00e9couvre le fonctionnement des principales institutions<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ses-engagements-politiques\">Ses engagements politiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La Troisi\u00e8me R\u00e9publique, c\u2019est aussi l\u2019\u00e9poque de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/affaire-dreyfus\/\">l\u2019affaire Dreyfus<\/a>\u2026 Alors, de quel c\u00f4t\u00e9 se range-t-il ? Des dreyfusards, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il d\u00e9fend Alfred Dreyfus, au m\u00eame titre que <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/au-bonheur-des-dames-resume\/\">Zola<\/a> par exemple. Radical par temp\u00e9rament gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son p\u00e8re et son grand-p\u00e8re,<strong> il se met \u00e0 fond dans la politique<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Un philosophe aussi engag\u00e9, \u00e7a fait penser \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/karl-marx-idees-heritage\/\">Marx et ses id\u00e9es<\/a> \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il s&rsquo;engage politiquement du c\u00f4t\u00e9 r\u00e9publicain et radical<\/strong>, donnant des conf\u00e9rences pour soutenir la politique la\u00efque de la R\u00e9publique (oui, c\u2019est l\u2019\u00e9poque des lois de Jules Ferry rendant l\u2019\u00e9cole gratuite, la\u00efque et obligatoire). On esp\u00e8re que tu ne tomberas pas de ta chaise en apprenant qu\u2019<strong>il est fan de politique<\/strong>. Tu veux en devenir un aussi ? N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/sciences-politiques\">prendre cours de sciences politiques avec un de nos Sherpas<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1902, apr\u00e8s l&rsquo;\u00e9chec du candidat Louis Ricard, <strong>il se retire du militantisme politique<\/strong>, se consacrant aux universit\u00e9s populaires et se met \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture. Bon, en vrai, il se met juste en mode pause. Parce qu&rsquo;apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/#:~:text=%F0%9F%91%89%20Le%201er%20ao%C3%BBt%201914,Hongrie%20le%203%20ao%C3%BBt%201914.&amp;text=Nos%20Sherpas%20sont%20l%C3%A0%20pour,et%20prendre%20confiance%20en%20toi.\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>, c\u2019est reparti ! \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Une universit\u00e9 populaire est \u00ab un organisme d&rsquo;\u00e9ducation populaire, dont l&rsquo;objectif est la transmission de savoirs th\u00e9oriques ou pratiques pour tous \u00bb, selon <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Universit%C3%A9_populaire#:~:text=Une%20universit%C3%A9%20populaire%20est%20un,th%C3%A9oriques%20ou%20pratiques%20pour%20tous.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">Wikip\u00e9dia<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien que n&rsquo;ayant jamais adh\u00e9r\u00e9 au socialisme, Alain manifeste de la sympathie pour les mouvements ouvriers et pour le syndicalisme. Il s&rsquo;engage aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s du Parti radical en faveur d&rsquo;une R\u00e9publique lib\u00e9rale.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3o7bujG0BUsg6v9N1m\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Des r\u00e9volutions et contestations tout le temps pour Alain\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>La vie d\u2019Alain r\u00e9sum\u00e9 en 2s&nbsp;<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Conscient de la menace d\u2019une nouvelle guerre d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1930 en m\u00eame temps que la mont\u00e9e au pouvoir d\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/allemagne-nazie\/\">Hitler<\/a>, de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/staline-portrait\/\">Staline<\/a> et de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/benito-mussolini\/\">Mussolini<\/a>, il cofonde, avec le physicien<a href=\"https:\/\/www.larousse.fr\/encyclopedie\/personnage\/Paul_Langevin\/128700\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Paul Langevin<\/a> et l\u2019anthropologue<a href=\"https:\/\/www.larousse.fr\/encyclopedie\/personnage\/Paul_Rivet\/141115\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> Paul Rivet<\/a><strong>, le Comit\u00e9 de vigilance des intellectuels antifascistes <\/strong>en 1934. Le but : la <strong>lutte pour le pacifisme<\/strong> et <strong>contre la mont\u00e9e des fascismes<\/strong>. \u262d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L&rsquo;entr\u00e9e en guerre en 1939 est un nouveau drama. Il <strong>milite encore pour la paix<\/strong> car il demeure fid\u00e8le \u00e0 l&rsquo;id\u00e9e qu&rsquo;il faut d\u00e9fendre son pays en cas d&rsquo;agression. Cependant, entre la d\u00e9b\u00e2cle fran\u00e7aise de 1940 et le r\u00e9gime de Vichy mis en place, il ne prend par la suite <strong>aucune position publique pendant le conflit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/LAFShX32UwUj6\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Le pacifisme, c'est bien aussi !\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                 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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n       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                                              <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-militantisme-pour-le-droit-de-vote-des-femmes\">Le militantisme pour le droit de vote des femmes \ud83d\udc69<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Nous allons tous tomber d\u2019accord pour payer les femmes, et non selon le plaisir qu\u2019elles donnent, mais selon le travail qu\u2019elles font. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien qu\u2019il serait un peu anachronique de caract\u00e9riser Alain de \u00ab f\u00e9ministe \u00bb, il est tout de m\u00eame un<strong> sacr\u00e9 militant pour le droit des femmes<\/strong> en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral. Ses id\u00e9es principales ?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les femmes sont autant que les hommes capables d\u2019exercer pleinement la citoyennet\u00e9<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire de prendre part \u00e9gale \u00e0 la souverainet\u00e9 du peuple. Leur place est consid\u00e9rable dans l\u2019\u00e9ducation de l\u2019enfant : elles savent le pr\u00e9parer \u00e0 la citoyennet\u00e9. \u00c7a implique quoi ? Qu\u2019elles devraient avoir le droit de vote !<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les femmes ne doivent pas rester enferm\u00e9es dans leur foyer, <strong>elles devraient pouvoir avoir une vie publique<\/strong> comme les hommes. \ud83d\udc83<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les femmes et les hommes doivent avoir la m\u00eame \u00e9ducation<\/strong>. Ainsi les jeunes filles apprendront \u00e0 ne pas avoir peur des hommes. \ud83d\ude31<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il n\u2019est <strong>pas bien que des hommes veuillent maintenir les femmes en esclavage<\/strong> parce qu\u2019ils ne voient en elles que des instruments de plaisir.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il est \u00e9trange qu\u2019une femme doive prendre le nom de son mari, et se trouver ainsi marqu\u00e9e \u00e0 son chiffre comme un animal, comme si elle devait alors cesser d\u2019appartenir \u00e0 elle-m\u00eame. \ud83d\udc04<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>A lire aussi : int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par le f\u00e9minisme ? Connais-tu <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/declaration-des-droits-de-la-femme-et-de-la-citoyenne\/\"><em>la d\u00e9claration des droits de la femme et de la citoyenne<\/em><\/a> ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bref, il \u00e9tait bien en avance sur son temps !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Il est trop souvent admis que celui qui d\u00e9sire une femme a sur elle une esp\u00e8ce de droit. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"alain-et-la-guerre\">Alain et la guerre \ud83e\ude96<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sa-vision-du-pacifisme\">Sa vision du pacifisme \u262e&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Alain n\u2019est <strong>pas un philosophe \u00ab face \u00e0 \u00bb la guerre : c\u2019est un philosophe \u00ab en \u00bb guerre<\/strong>. Il a toujours d\u00e9fendu la paix avec l\u2019Allemagne, malgr\u00e9 ce qu\u2019on lui a inculqu\u00e9 sur le fait de vouloir reconqu\u00e9rir l\u2019Alsace et la Lorraine.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udc49 Exemple<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans ses articles pour <em>La D\u00e9p\u00eache de Rouen <\/em>et de<em> Normandie<\/em>, il plaide pour la sortie de tension lors de l\u2019affaire marocaine, en 1911, qui a port\u00e9 l\u2019Europe pr\u00e8s de la guerre.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Il appelle \u00e0 l\u2019intensification des relations \u00e9conomiques entre les deux pays afin de rendre les deux nations solidaires par le jeu du march\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette id\u00e9e fait son chemin apr\u00e8s la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\">Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/a> lors de la cr\u00e9ation des premi\u00e8res <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/institutions-europeennes\/\">institutions europ\u00e9ennes<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Paradoxalement, Alain n\u2019aime pas le mot \u00ab pacifiste \u00bb, alors qu\u2019il en est clairement un !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lengagement-dans-la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\">L\u2019engagement dans la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>1914, c\u2019est le d\u00e9but de la guerre ! Que fait Alain, qui a d\u00e9j\u00e0 46 ans ? Est-ce qu\u2019il reste \u00e0 l\u2019universit\u00e9, classe exempt\u00e9e du service militaire ? Non, <strong>il part se battre contre \u00ab l\u2019envahisseur \u00bb<\/strong> pour reprendre ses termes. Il n\u2019attend m\u00eame pas l\u2019incorporation : il va de lui-m\u00eame se porter volontaire !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pourquoi ? Les Allemands ont envahi le territoire national. La paix, oui dans la mesure du possible. L\u2019acceptation de l\u2019invasion, non. Il faut d\u00e9fendre la R\u00e9publique. Prendre les armes pour d\u00e9fendre la patrie en danger est un devoir de citoyen !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu doutes encore du caract\u00e8re radical d\u2019Alain, voici quelques \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui devraient achever de te convaincre :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49&nbsp; Il refuse toute promotion au grade de sous-officier, et toute proposition de se former pour rejoindre le corps des officiers. Il ne veut aucun pouvoir sur ses semblables.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans un de ses \u00e9crits, Alain raconte que dans sa jeunesse, il a vu un de ses professeurs \u00eatre sensible aux honneurs qu\u2019il recevait. Il s\u2019est alors fait la promesse de ne jamais ressembler \u00e0 cet homme.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Lorsqu\u2019on lui propose d\u2019\u00eatre vers\u00e9 dans le train des \u00e9quipages, il \u00ab r\u00e9siste \u00bb et parvient \u00e0 \u00eatre affect\u00e9 \u00e0 une arme combattante. Avec sa tr\u00e8s bonne forme physique, il est affect\u00e9 sur le front.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Il trouve le temps d\u2019\u00e9crire des livres alors qu\u2019il est dans les tranch\u00e9es.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Lors de sa mont\u00e9e vers Verdun, il s\u2019endort sur un chariot dont la roue happe sa cheville. Il ne gu\u00e9rira jamais de cette blessure et est immobilis\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital entre mai et ao\u00fbt 1916. Quand il revient au front, il n\u2019est plus capable de marcher sans boiter. Alain est mut\u00e9 au service m\u00e9t\u00e9orologique en janvier 1917. \u00c9loign\u00e9 du danger, il voit cela comme un \u00ab m\u00e9tier absurde et d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9reintant \u00bb ; il finit par \u00eatre lib\u00e9r\u00e9 en octobre 1917.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"mars-ou-la-guerre-jugee-1921-la-vision-philosophique-de-la-guerre\"><em>Mars ou la guerre jug\u00e9e <\/em>(1921) : la vision philosophique de la guerre&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Que les citoyens donnent plus volontiers leur vie que leur argent, voil\u00e0 un paradoxe assez fort. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En sortant de la guerre, Alain est \u00e0 la fois hant\u00e9 par le silence des anciens poilus ne pouvant pas t\u00e9moigner de l\u2019exp\u00e9rience combattante, et par son d\u00e9sir de d\u00e9passer \u00ab l\u2019anecdote \u00bb des souvenirs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il a r\u00e9dig\u00e9 un ouvrage sur le conflit : <em>De Quelques Causes des guerres entre nations civilis\u00e9es<\/em>. Cependant, il n\u2019arrive pas \u00e0 livrer ces pens\u00e9es de guerre trop directes. Il pr\u00e9f\u00e8re r\u00e9\u00e9crire une version presque enti\u00e8rement remani\u00e9e qui voit le jour en 1921, sous le titre <em>Mars ou la guerre jug\u00e9<\/em>e. C\u2019est THE livre d\u2019Alain, son \u0153uvre la plus connue (en dehors des propos). On te r\u00e9sume \u00e7a. \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour Alain, l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de la guerre finit par se d\u00e9doubler :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>D\u2019une part, il y a <strong>l\u2019exp\u00e9rience du danger au combat<\/strong> et de la souffrance des corps dans des conditions de vie pr\u00e9caires.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u2019autre part, il y a <strong>l\u2019exp\u00e9rience de \u00ab l\u2019esclavage militaire \u00bb<\/strong>. Aux tranch\u00e9es, il a constat\u00e9 un type de pouvoir d\u00e9tenu par les officiers qui \u00ab parlent aux hommes, comme on parle aux b\u00eates \u00bb. Il ne supporte pas l&rsquo;id\u00e9e de cette <strong>tuerie organis\u00e9e, de ce traitement que l&rsquo;Homme inflige \u00e0 l&rsquo;Homme<\/strong>. C\u2019est une fa\u00e7on d\u2019indiquer que les formes militaires ont d\u00e9bord\u00e9 les seules obligations de la guerre et de ses sacrifices. Il est r\u00e9volt\u00e9 par la mise au point d&rsquo;une <strong>\u00e9norme machine destin\u00e9e \u00e0 tenir les hommes dans l&rsquo;ob\u00e9issance<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udfff\u26d3<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-philosophie-dalain\">La philosophie d&rsquo;Alain<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Qu&rsquo;a dit Alain en tant que philosophe ? On va voir \u00e7a maintenant. \ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-propos-dalain\">Les Propos d\u2019Alain \ud83d\udcda<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Quand Emile-Auguste Chartier est-il devenu Alain ? Il utilise d\u2019abord ce surnom dans <em>La D\u00e9p\u00eache de Lorient<\/em> jusqu&rsquo;en 1903). Il le conserve lorsqu\u2019il lance la formule des <em>Propos<\/em>. Ces courts articles traitent d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments du quotidien. Alain les d\u00e9crit avec concision. Ils paraissent dans un journal normand de 1906 \u00e0 1914.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beaucoup de <em>Propos<\/em> sont parus dans la revue <em>Libres Propos<\/em>, fond\u00e9e par son ami Michel&nbsp; Alexandre de 1921 \u00e0 1936, avec une interruption de 1924 \u00e0 1927.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Exemple \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Rien que dans <strong><em>Propos d\u2019un Normand<\/em><\/strong><strong>, \u00e9crit entre 1907 et 1914, il y a\u00a0 3083 propos<\/strong>. Alain a aussi \u00e9crit une cinquantaine de volumes ou articles, sans compter des dizaines de volumes reprenant un choix de propos.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Rien que dans <strong><em>Propos d\u2019un Normand<\/em><\/strong><strong>, \u00e9crit entre 1907 et 1914, il y a&nbsp; 3083 propos<\/strong>. Alain a aussi \u00e9crit une cinquantaine de volumes ou articles, sans compter des dizaines de volumes reprenant un choix de propos.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/XIqCQx02E1U9W\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Des propos, encore des propos, toujours des propos !\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83e\udde0<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Alain n\u2019est qu\u2019un des nombreux pseudonymes qu\u2019il a utilis\u00e9s<\/strong>. Il a utilis\u00e9 diff\u00e9rents pseudonymes entre 1893 et 1914 : \u00ab Criton \u00bb, \u00ab Quart d&rsquo;\u0153il \u00bb ou encore \u00ab Philibert \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-idees-principales-dalain\">Les id\u00e9es principales d\u2019Alain \ud83d\udcad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans ses propos, Alain a dit beaucoup, beaucoup, beaucoup de choses ! On va balayer quelques th\u00e8mes. Mais si tu veux en savoir plus, on t\u2019invite \u00e0 directement lire ses <em>Propos<\/em> qui ont \u00e9t\u00e9 regroup\u00e9s en compilation de livres aux \u00e9ditions Gallimard.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">Le bonheur<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 On a deux attitudes possibles par rapport au <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/bonheur-philosophie\/\">bonheur<\/a> : soit on est passif, soit on est jaloux. Cependant, il y a un<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/devoir-philosophie\/\"><strong>devoir<\/strong><\/a><strong> pour tout homme : celui d\u2019\u00eatre heureux<\/strong>. Cela fait le bonheur des autres, et le bonheur devient alors m\u00e9rit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le bonheur est une r\u00e9compense qui vient \u00e0 ceux qui ne l&rsquo;ont pas cherch\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">L\u2019art<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 Quelle est la diff\u00e9rence entre un artisan et un artiste ? Un artisan est <strong>quelqu\u2019un sachant d\u00e9j\u00e0 ce qu\u2019il va faire<\/strong>. Un artiste est<strong> spectateur de son \u0153uvre qui est en train de na\u00eetre<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>Pourquoi les hommes collaborent-ils<\/strong> ? D\u2019un point de vue \u00e9conomique, c\u2019est parce que les gens ont besoin de ce que font les autres. D\u2019un point de vue sociologique, c\u2019est parce que cela les comble. Alain prend une autre approche. Selon lui, le premier besoin est le sommeil. Donc <strong>les gens se r\u00e9unissent afin de faire des tours de garde<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">L\u2019\u00e9ducation&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 <strong>L\u2019\u00e9ducation permet de lib\u00e9rer les individus<\/strong>. L&rsquo;\u00e9ducation v\u00e9ritable devrait permettre \u00e0 chacun de d\u00e9velopper sa capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 penser de mani\u00e8re autonome et critique, plut\u00f4t que de simplement m\u00e9moriser des connaissances.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Tu aimes la philo ? D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/liste-de-citations-philosophiques-expliquees\/\">16 citations philosophiques<\/a> \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\">La volont\u00e9<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 La volont\u00e9 est la <strong>force motrice qui permet de surmonter les obstacles et de r\u00e9aliser nos aspirations<\/strong>. C\u2019est une facult\u00e9 pouvant \u00eatre cultiv\u00e9e et renforc\u00e9e par l&rsquo;exercice.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/bZIEQYcvlcFXA7X8yt\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Alain, un philosophe limpide finalement \ud83d\ude04\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Alain perd la foi au coll\u00e8ge sans en ressentir de crise spirituelle. <strong>Ath\u00e9e et anticl\u00e9rical, il continue toujours \u00e0 s\u2019int\u00e9resser de pr\u00e8s \u00e0 la religion<\/strong>, en particulier dans ses \u00e9crits. Pourquoi ? Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 influenc\u00e9 par son cousin l\u2019abb\u00e9 Chaline. Comme quoi\u2026 ! \u271d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citation \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u00ab Le propre d&rsquo;une religion est de n&rsquo;\u00eatre ni raisonnable ni croyable ; c&rsquo;est un rem\u00e8de de l&rsquo;imagination pour des maux d&rsquo;imagination. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, tu sais d\u00e9sormais tout sur le philosophe Alain,<strong> un sacr\u00e9 p\u00e9dagogue et un personnage haut en couleur <\/strong>! Si tu souhaites en savoir plus, on te conseille d\u2019aller jeter un oeil au<a href=\"https:\/\/philosophe-alain.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"> site cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l\u2019Association des amis d\u2019Alain<\/a>. On esp\u00e8re que cette fiche t\u2019aura plus ! N\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 nous laisser un commentaire ! Et nous, on te laisse avec quelques citations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Citations \ud83d\udde3<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u2705 \u00ab <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lifestyle\/prendre-soin-de-toi\/amour-et-amitie\/\">Aimer<\/a>, c&rsquo;est trouver sa richesse hors de soi. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab Il est bien vrai que nous devons penser au bonheur d&rsquo;autrui ; mais on ne dit pas assez que ce que nous pouvons faire de mieux pour ceux qui nous aiment, c&rsquo;est encore d&rsquo;\u00eatre heureux. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab La bonne humeur a quelque chose de g\u00e9n\u00e9reux : elle donne plut\u00f4t qu&rsquo;elle ne re\u00e7oit. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab Le pessimisme est d&rsquo;humeur ; l&rsquo;optimisme est de volont\u00e9. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab Il est ordinaire que l\u2019on ait plus de bonheur par l\u2019imaginaire que par les biens r\u00e9els. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab L\u2019homme qui ne fait rien n\u2019aime rien. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab Ce que je crois finit souvent par \u00eatre vrai. \u00bb<\/p>\n<p>\u2705 \u00ab Il faut bien que la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 naisse de l\u2019erreur. \u00bb<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258589&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;11&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.8&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.8\\\/5 - (11 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Alain : le philosophe r\u00e9publicain, radical et pacifiste \ud83d\udcad&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;107.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 107.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.8\/5 - (11 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alain, de son vrai nom \u00c9mile-Auguste Chartier, est un philosophe du XIX\u00e8me et XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle. Bien qu\u2019il ne (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":258638,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,804],"tag":[79,781],"class_list":["post-258589","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-philosophie-2","tag-lycee","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258589","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258589"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258589\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/258638"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258589"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=258589"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=258589"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}