{"id":258444,"date":"2023-06-06T10:20:55","date_gmt":"2023-06-06T08:20:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=258444"},"modified":"2025-01-07T10:16:08","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T09:16:08","slug":"prehistoire","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/prehistoire\/","title":{"rendered":"La pr\u00e9histoire : des premiers hommes \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte du feu"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, on te plonge <strong>\u00e0 l\u2019aube de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 : la pr\u00e9histoire<\/strong> ! Tu vas d\u00e9couvrir toutes les \u00e9volutions et les inventions de l\u2019homme de Cro-Magnon qui nous ont permis d\u2019en arriver \u00e0 l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/antiquite\/\"  data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/antiquite-greco-romaine\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Antiquit\u00e9<\/a>. C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la pr\u00e9histoire ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La pr\u00e9histoire <strong>commence il y a 3 millions d&#8217;ann\u00e9es<\/strong>. C\u2019est \u00e9norme, si tu consid\u00e8res que seulement 2 000 ans nous s\u00e9parent de J\u00e9sus-Christ. D\u2019un autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, c\u2019est minuscule compar\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de l\u2019univers : 13,8 milliards d\u2019ann\u00e9es !\u23f3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs, on pr\u00e9f\u00e8re te pr\u00e9venir : <strong>les historiens ne sont pas d\u2019accord sur tout au sujet de la pr\u00e9histoire<\/strong>, donc les d\u00e9tails de cet article sont susceptibles d\u2019\u00e9voluer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La pr\u00e9histoire s\u2019arr\u00eate environ \u00e0 -3 000 ans. Mais on n\u2019a pas choisi les dates au hasard ! <strong>Elle d\u00e9marre avec l\u2019apparition de l\u2019homme<\/strong> et se <strong>termine avec l\u2019apparition de l\u2019\u00e9criture.<\/strong> \ud83d\udcdd<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ?\ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">L\u2019humanit\u00e9 est n\u00e9e en Afrique<\/strong> ! C\u2019est seulement au bout de plusieurs milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es que l\u2019Homme est arriv\u00e9 en Europe.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u2019ailleurs on a d\u00e9coup\u00e9 <strong>la pr\u00e9histoire en trois p\u00e9riodes<\/strong>. On va te les pr\u00e9senter en d\u00e9tail !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1563\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1563\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th colspan=\"2\" class=\"column-1\">P\u00e9riodes de la pr\u00e9histoire<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Pal\u00e9olithique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Entre -3 millions et -10 000 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u00e9solithique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Entre -10 000 et -6 000 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">N\u00e9olithique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Entre -6 000 et -3 000<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1563 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Pal\u00e9olithique \ud83d\udd25<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Pal\u00e9olithique <strong>est la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode de la pr\u00e9histoire et aussi la plus longue<\/strong>. Elle a pris place environ entre -3 millions et -10 000 ans. D\u2019ailleurs, Pal\u00e9olithique signifie &#8220;<em>palaios<\/em>&#8221; et \u201c<em>lithos<\/em>\u201d en grec ancien, soit \u201cancienne pierre\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mode de survie \ud83e\uddb4<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Au Pal\u00e9olithique, <strong>les hommes pr\u00e9historiques survivent en petites tribus. <\/strong>Vivre en groupe leur permet d\u2019\u00eatre assur\u00e9s d\u2019avoir \u00e0 manger m\u00eame s\u2019ils tombent malades ou se blessent. \ud83e\udec2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au Pal\u00e9olithique, l\u2019homme pr\u00e9historique se nourrit de gibier et de plantes. C\u2019est pour cela qu\u2019<strong>il est un chasseur-cueilleur.<\/strong> Les hommes pr\u00e9historiques survivent en suivant le gibier. Ils bougent constamment, en portant de quoi r\u00e9installer leurs foyers \u00e0 un autre endroit. Exactement comme les escargots ! \ud83d\udc0c<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"177\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prehistoire-1.gif\" alt=\"Les escargots pr\u00e9historiques\" class=\"wp-image-258447\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Bon ok, un peu plus rapide que des vrais escargots\u2026<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les premiers <strong>humains de la pr\u00e9histoire sont des nomades<\/strong>, ils n\u2019ont aucun attachement \u00e0 un endroit pr\u00e9cis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils choisissent un lieu pour sa richesse en ressources, qui peuvent \u00eatre :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>le gibier pour la chasse<\/strong> \ud83e\uddac<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les plantes pour la cueillette \ud83c\udf3f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les arbres et les diff\u00e9rentes sortes de pierres pour forger leurs outils \ud83e\udea8<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>l\u2019eau. \ud83d\udca7<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019ils viennent \u00e0 manquer en ressources, ils remballent leurs affaires et zou ! Il peut y avoir plein de causes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>la m\u00e9t\u00e9o qui se rafra\u00eechit <\/strong>\u2744<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le gibier qui change d\u2019endroit<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les plantes qui ne poussent plus \ud83c\udf31 (\u00e0 cause de la saison)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la surexploitation des ressources<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Au Pal\u00e9olithique, en plus du gibier, <strong>chaque tribu est susceptible de tomber sur une autre tribu<\/strong>. Selon les r\u00e9gions et l\u2019abondance de ressources, ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas la m\u00eame limonade !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si les conditions \u00e9taient favorables, <strong>certaines tribus s&#8217;alliaient avec des \u00e9changes d\u2019outils, d\u2019informations<\/strong>. Mais si le gibier se faisait rare, des conflits pouvaient \u00e9clater !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ?\ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Au Pal\u00e9olithique, <strong>la dur\u00e9e de vie moyenne des premiers humains \u00e9tait seulement de 25 ans<\/strong> ! Ceux qui atteignaient les 35 ans \u00e9taient l\u2019\u00e9quivalent de nos centenaires ! Si l\u2019on en sait autant, c\u2019est gr\u00e2ce aux fossiles humains que l\u2019on a retrouv\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Si la pr\u00e9histoire t\u2019int\u00e9resse particuli\u00e8rement, on te conseille d\u2019aller visiter le le mus\u00e9um d&#8217;histoire naturelle \u00e0 Paris !<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les inventions du Pal\u00e9olithique \ud83c\udfa8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce n\u2019est pas pour rien que le <strong>Pal\u00e9olithique est aussi nomm\u00e9 \u201cl\u2019\u00e2ge de la pierre taill\u00e9e\u201d<\/strong>. \u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9poque, c\u2019est la technique principale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019homme pr\u00e9historique n\u2019aurait pas pu <strong>devenir un chasseur-cueilleur sans ses outils<\/strong> ! Au Pal\u00e9olithique, il taille la pierre pour fabriquer, entre autres, des bifaces qu\u2019il utilise pour la chasse.&nbsp; \ud83e\udea8<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>En savoir plus \ud83d\udd0d<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Au tout d\u00e9but du Pal\u00e9olithique, <strong>on trouve la p\u00e9riode nomm\u00e9e \u201cacheul\u00e9en\u201d<\/strong>. Les hommes pr\u00e9historiques fabriquaient des bifaces qui leur servaient \u00e0 couper et chasser. <strong>Ces bifaces sont les outils les plus connus de l\u2019\u00e9poque<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les premiers hommes pr\u00e9historiques avaient aussi besoin d\u2019arbres pour fabriquer leurs outils. Mais comment ont-ils fait le d\u00e9bitage sans hache ? Myst\u00e8re, myst\u00e8re\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois l\u2019animal tu\u00e9, ils utilisent des racloirs et des lames pour r\u00e9cup\u00e9rer la viande, la peau et les os. \ud83c\udf56<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode de la pr\u00e9histoire que l\u2019homme commence \u00e9galement \u00e0 cr\u00e9er de l\u2019art. Tu as sans doute entendu parler de la<strong> grotte de Lascaux en France, o\u00f9 des bisons sont peints<\/strong> sur les murs. \ud83e\uddac On te conseille aussi les sites des Eyzies et la grotte de Tito Bustillo, en Espagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La d\u00e9couverte du feu \ud83d\udd25<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon les historiens, <strong>le feu aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert \u00e0 plusieurs occasions<\/strong>. La premi\u00e8re trace remonte \u00e0 -400 000 ans, et on l\u2019utilisait r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement en -300 000. \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Les scientifiques se sont accord\u00e9s sur cette date en raison de l\u2019explosion (sans mauvais jeu de mots) du nombre de traces de feu (cendres de v\u00e9g\u00e9taux, ossements calcin\u00e9s).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019homme apprend s\u00fbrement \u00e0 ma\u00eetriser le feu<\/strong> <strong>en commen\u00e7ant par conserver les incendies naturels<\/strong> : volcanisme, foudre. D\u2019ailleurs, les hommes pr\u00e9historiques ne faisaient pas de feu en frottant deux silex, contrairement au clich\u00e9 ! \u274c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, <strong>ils avaient d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 deux techniques diff\u00e9rentes pour faire du feu<\/strong>. La premi\u00e8re consiste \u00e0 frotter un silex contre un minerai de fer. La deuxi\u00e8me demande de tourner tr\u00e8s vite un b\u00e2ton sur un autre morceau de bois. Oui, exactement comme dans Koh Lanta !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"400\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prehistoire-4.5.gif?func=bound&amp;w=500&amp;h=400\" alt=\"Denis admire la pr\u00e9histoire\" class=\"wp-image-258452\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Lorsque l\u2019homme d\u00e9couvre le feu, la pyramide alimentaire de la pr\u00e9histoire change. <\/strong>Il devient le pr\u00e9dateur de beaucoup d\u2019animaux dont il \u00e9tait la proie. Mais les b\u00e9n\u00e9fices du feu ne s&#8217;arr\u00eatent pas l\u00e0 ! \u2728<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On l\u2019oublie \u00e0 notre \u00e9poque, mais cuire la viande est tr\u00e8s important. Les aliments crus sont plus difficiles \u00e0 dig\u00e9rer et sont moins nourrissants. <strong>Ma\u00eetriser le feu am\u00e9liore donc grandement la sant\u00e9 des hommes. \ud83d\udcaa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019homme pr\u00e9historique va aussi pouvoir passer de meilleures nuits<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude34 Le feu le garde relativement au chaud m\u00eame pendant les nuits d\u2019hiver. Il fait aussi fuir les pr\u00e9dateurs nocturnes, dont l\u2019homme n\u2019a plus \u00e0 se soucier.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Si tu veux d\u00e9couvrir l\u2019importance de la d\u00e9couverte du feu, <strong>on te conseille de regarder le film \u201cLa guerre du feu\u201d<\/strong>. R\u00e9compens\u00e9 par l\u2019oscar des meilleurs maquillages en 1983, le film raconte l\u2019affrontement de deux tribus, et le r\u00f4le que joue le feu dans ce conflit.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prehistoire-2-2.gif\" alt=\"la d\u00e9couverte du feu a d\u00fb \u00eatre une sacr\u00e9e surprise\" class=\"wp-image-258451\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le M\u00e9solithique \ud83d\udc64<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>M\u00e9solithique veut dire &#8220;mesos&#8221; et &#8220;lithos&#8221; en grec ancien, soit &#8220;milieu pierre<\/strong>&#8220;. Rien \u00e0 voir avec la Terre du milieu de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tolkien-portrait\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tolkien-portrait\/\"  rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Tolkien<\/a>, le &#8220;milieu&#8221; est une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence au fait que le M\u00e9solithique est la p\u00e9riode du milieu de la pr\u00e9histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9but de notre civilisation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre -10 000 et -6 000 ans, l\u2019Homo Sapiens (c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire nous !) devient la seule esp\u00e8ce humaine sur Terre. Pendant le Pal\u00e9olithique, <strong>il y avait une petite dizaine d\u2019esp\u00e8ces humaines<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1564\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1564\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th colspan=\"3\" class=\"column-1\">Les diff\u00e9rentes esp\u00e8ces humaines<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Esp\u00e8ces humaines<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Caract\u00e9ristiques<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Dates<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Homo habilis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Grande taille du cerveau, utilisation avanc\u00e9e d'outils en pierre<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">2,4 \u00e0 1,4 million d'ann\u00e9es<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Homo erectus<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Capacit\u00e9 \u00e0 se tenir debout<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">1,9 million \u00e0 140 000 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Homo neanderthalensis<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Comportements culturels avanc\u00e9s<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">400 000 \u00e0 40 000 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Homo sapiens<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Capacit\u00e9s cognitives d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">300 000 \u00e0 200 000 ans<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1564 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>On ignore pourquoi exactement les autres esp\u00e8ces ont disparu alors que la n\u00f4tre a surv\u00e9cu. <strong>La sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de nos capacit\u00e9s cognitives aont d\u00fb jouer un r\u00f4le<\/strong>. D\u2019ailleurs, c\u2019est pour \u00e7a que Carl Linnaeus a nomm\u00e9 notre esp\u00e8ce Homo Sapiens<strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Changement majeur : <strong>les temp\u00e9ratures se r\u00e9chauffent<\/strong>. Ok, \u00e7a peut para\u00eetre pas grand chose comme \u00e7a, mais sache qu\u2019\u00e0 certains endroits, c\u2019\u00e9tait pire que le nord du Groenland ! Ce r\u00e9chauffement sur plusieurs milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es va modifier beaucoup de choses ! \ud83c\udf1e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9j\u00e0, certains passages sont bloqu\u00e9s. Si tu y r\u00e9fl\u00e9chis cinq secondes, c\u2019est logique : les lacs gel\u00e9s ayant fondus, certaines terres deviennent inaccessibles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9, certains d\u00e9serts de glace deviennent plus accueillants. Par exemple, les hommes pr\u00e9historiques peuvent d\u00e9sormais franchir certains cols de montagne. <strong>Cela les a aid\u00e9s \u00e0 peupler plus de continents. <\/strong>C\u2019est d\u2019ailleurs comme \u00e7a que les hommes pr\u00e9historiques sont arriv\u00e9s en Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/architecture\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Toi aussi tu veux construire des maisons ? Prends des cours particuliers d&#8217;architecture !<strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\"><br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Trouve ton prof d&#8217;archi !\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les inventions du M\u00e9solithique \ud83c\udff9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s le Pal\u00e9olithique, les Homo Sapiens continuent \u00e0 am\u00e9liorer leurs outils. En am\u00e9liorant leurs techniques, <strong>tous leurs outils deviennent plus r\u00e9sistants<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcaa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les tribus passent moins de temps \u00e0 r\u00e9colter du bois et de la pierre et moins de temps \u00e0 fabriquer leurs outils. Cela leur permet de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir et de se consacrer \u00e0 la chasse et \u00e0 l\u2019art.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est donc \u00e0 cette p\u00e9riode de la pr\u00e9histoire que <strong>les hommes pr\u00e9historiques inventent l\u2019arc<\/strong>. Ils taillent aussi des pointes de fl\u00e8che, en os ou en bois de cerf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Attention, <strong>les premiers arcs sont beaucoup plus rudimentaires<\/strong> que celui de Katniss Everdeen (l\u2019h\u00e9ro\u00efne d\u2019<em>Hunger Games<\/em>). Mais ces arcs leur permettent quand m\u00eame de rendre la chasse moins dangereuse. \ud83c\udff9<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prehistoire-3.gif\" alt=\"Katniss Everdeen 1-0 les hommes pr\u00e9historiques\" class=\"wp-image-258454\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                            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            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n           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                             <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le N\u00e9olithique \ud83c\udfe0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le N\u00e9olithique (-6 000 \u00e0 -3 000) est la p\u00e9riode de la pr\u00e9histoire qui voit le plus d\u2019\u00e9volutions<\/strong>. C\u2019est aussi la derni\u00e8re p\u00e9riode, d\u2019o\u00f9 son nom : N\u00e9olithique signifiant &#8220;<em>neos<\/em>&#8221; et \u201c<em>lithos<\/em>\u201d en grec ancien, soit \u201cnouvelle pierre\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les grandes avanc\u00e9es \ud83c\udfc3\u200d\u2642<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019agriculture \ud83c\udf3e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Au N\u00e9olithique, le mode vie n\u2019a plus rien \u00e0 voir avec le Pal\u00e9olithique. Les Homo Sapiens se rendent compte qu\u2019il serait plus facile pour eux de faire pousser des plantes : <strong>c\u2019est le d\u00e9but de l\u2019agriculture<\/strong>. \ud83c\udf31<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au lieu de d\u00e9pendre de la nature, les tribus sont certaines d\u2019avoir assez \u00e0 manger chaque ann\u00e9e. <strong>Les hommes pr\u00e9historiques commencent donc la s\u00e9dentarisation<\/strong>. Ils doivent rester au m\u00eame endroit pour \u00eatre s\u00fbrs que les plantes poussent en quantit\u00e9 suffisante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au d\u00e9but, il s\u2019agit surtout d\u2019esp\u00e8ces c\u00e9r\u00e9ali\u00e8res. Mais \u00e0 force d\u2019exp\u00e9rimentations et de milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es, les hommes pr\u00e9historiques ont fait pousser leurs premiers l\u00e9gumes.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ?\ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Voici un petit secret de l\u2019Histoire : avec l\u2019agriculture des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales, <strong>les hommes pr\u00e9historiques ont r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 fabriquer de la bi\u00e8re<\/strong> ! Oui, tu as bien lu : de la bi\u00e8re \u00e0 la pr\u00e9histoire ! \ud83c\udf7a<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019au Proche-Orient qu\u2019ils ont r\u00e9ussi, et des c\u00e9r\u00e9ales flottaient encore dans le liquide. \ud83d\ude37 Mais \u00e7a change pas mal l\u2019image qu\u2019on a de la vie \u00e0 la Pr\u00e9histoire !<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"348\" height=\"323\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2023\/05\/prehistoire-4.gif\" alt=\"On s'amusait bien \u00e0 la pr\u00e9histoire\" class=\"wp-image-258455\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La domestication \ud83d\udc04<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, des hommes s\u00e9dentaires ne peuvent plus se permettre de chasser. Au bout de quelques ann\u00e9es, ils tueraient tout le gibier environnant et finiraient par en manquer. <strong>C\u2019est pour \u00e7a que l\u2019homme pr\u00e9historique commence la domestication des animaux<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ils ne peuvent pas \u00e9lever n\u2019importe quelle esp\u00e8ce. Il y a plusieurs crit\u00e8res \u00e0 remplir :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>le b\u00e9tail doit \u00eatre dominable<\/strong>\ud83d\udc04<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>les animaux ne doivent pas \u00eatre trop agiles, au risque de s\u2019enfuir<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ils ne doivent pas \u00eatre carnivores, car les nourrir serait un g\u00e2chis<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>ils doivent se reproduire plus vite que les humains \ud83d\udc93<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Seules quelques esp\u00e8ces remplissent ces crit\u00e8res. C\u2019est pour ces raisons que les hommes pr\u00e9historiques ont domestiqu\u00e9 l\u2019anc\u00eatre des cochons, et non l\u2019anc\u00eatre des lions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les premi\u00e8res maisons \ud83d\uded6<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec la s\u00e9dentarisation, <strong>les hommes peuvent se permettre de construire des maisons solides<\/strong>. Fini de vivre dans une grotte ! Au Moyen-Orient, on voit appara\u00eetre les premi\u00e8res villes de l\u2019humanit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec ces foyers fixes, il est aussi plus facile de cr\u00e9er des liens avec les tribus voisines. <strong>Le N\u00e9olithique est l\u2019\u00e8re des \u00e9changes commerciaux. \ud83e\udd1d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien s\u00fbr, ils n\u2019ont pas de monnaie, il ne s\u2019agit que de troc. Mais ce sont quand m\u00eame l<strong>es d\u00e9buts de l\u2019\u00e9conomie, du commerce et de la g\u00e9opolitique<\/strong> ! La culture aussi se d\u00e9veloppe : certaines pratiques \u00e9mergent et deviennent des traditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vivant en un seul et m\u00eame lieu, <strong>les hommes pr\u00e9historiques commencent \u00e0 s\u2019attacher \u00e0 leur territoire<\/strong>. Outre les potentielles envies de conqu\u00eate, il faut g\u00e9rer l\u2019espace. Les premiers tombeaux apparaissent. \u26b0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a  href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cours-particulier-choisir-prof.png\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cours-particulier-choisir-prof.png\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/cours-particulier-choisir-prof.png\"\n                                    alt=\"cours particuliers\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Si tu es passionn\u00e9 par la pr\u00e9histoire, prends des cours particuliers !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Trouve ton prof particulier\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les inventions du N\u00e9olithique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Au N\u00e9olithique, l\u2019homme continue de perfectionner ses techniques. <strong>La principale am\u00e9lioration technique du N\u00e9olithique est le polissage de la pierre<\/strong>. Ce n\u2019est pas pour rien qu\u2019on appelle aussi cette \u00e9poque \u201cl\u2019\u00e2ge de la pierre polie\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Polir une pierre est tr\u00e8s difficile. \u00c7a peut te para\u00eetre simple aujourd\u2019hui, mais ils n&#8217;avaient aucune usine, ils devaient tout faire \u00e0 la main. Mais <strong>ces efforts leur permettent d\u2019am\u00e9liorer leurs outils !<\/strong> \ud83e\udea8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Autre invention pratique : la c\u00e9ramique. Il ne faut pas sous-estimer son importance. Si aujourd\u2019hui la poterie est un passe-temps du dimanche, <strong>la c\u00e9ramique a \u00e9t\u00e9 essentielle au d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019Homo Sapiens.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec la c\u00e9ramique, les humains ont pu am\u00e9liorer la cuisson de leurs aliments. Mais <strong>elle leur a surtout permis de stocker<\/strong> toutes sortes de choses : outils, nourriture, liquides\u2026 Sans la c\u00e9ramique, le commerce n\u2019aurait pas pu autant se d\u00e9velopper entre tribus voisines. \ud83d\udce6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s la pr\u00e9histoire, c\u2019est la protohistoire, qu\u2019on d\u00e9coupera aussi en 3 : \u00e2ge du cuivre, \u00e2ge de bronze et \u00e2ge du fer. Mais c\u2019est une histoire pour un autre article\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On esp\u00e8re que tu auras appris plein de choses sur la Pr\u00e9histoire ! Si tu as besoin de plus d\u2019aide avec cours d\u2019histoire, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\">prendre un prof particulier<\/a>. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;258444&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3\\\/5 - (4 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La pr\u00e9histoire : des premiers hommes \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte du feu&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;84.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 84.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3\/5 - (4 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, on te plonge \u00e0 l\u2019aube de l\u2019humanit\u00e9 : la pr\u00e9histoire ! Tu vas d\u00e9couvrir toutes les \u00e9volutions (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":258456,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[77,349],"class_list":["post-258444","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-college","tag-sixieme"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258444","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=258444"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/258444\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/258456"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=258444"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=258444"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=258444"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}