{"id":253254,"date":"2022-12-23T16:27:37","date_gmt":"2022-12-23T15:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=253254"},"modified":"2024-08-07T11:05:21","modified_gmt":"2024-08-07T09:05:21","slug":"lenine","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lenine\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00e9nine, le r\u00e9volutionnaire communiste\u200b \ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddfa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, on va te parler de <strong>L\u00e9nine, alias \u00ab le proph\u00e8te du totalitarisme \u00bb<\/strong>. Comme <strong>ce<\/strong> <strong>r\u00e9volutionnaire communiste <\/strong>a fait trembler plus d\u2019une fois le peuple russe (que dire, le monde entier \ud83d\ude28\u200b), on a voulu revenir sur son parcours d\u2019enfant privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 devenu l\u2019alli\u00e9 de Staline et de Trotsky. C\u2019est parti !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019enfance de L\u00e9nine\u200b \ud83e\uddd2\u200b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Na\u00eetre dans l\u2019Empire russe de l\u2019\u00e9poque \u26cf\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Qui est donc <strong>Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov<\/strong>, de son surnom L\u00e9nine ? Tout commence <strong>le 22 avril 1870 en Russie<\/strong>, date de naissance du gar\u00e7on qui deviendra un communiste c\u00e9l\u00e8bre.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udccc \u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, dur de se faire une place<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>La seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle est marqu\u00e9e par <strong>des d\u00e9cennies de souffrance sociale<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>La dynastie Romanov r\u00e8gne<\/strong> sans se pr\u00e9occuper de la population russe pauvre et agricole.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"805\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-portrait.jpg\" alt=\"Le portrait de L\u00e9nine\" class=\"wp-image-253255\" style=\"width:222px;height:283px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-portrait.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=805 805w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-portrait.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=214 214w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 805px) 100vw, 805px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Le portrait de L\u00e9nine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Maintenant, tu te demandes s\u00fbrement o\u00f9 est L\u00e9nine dans tout \u00e7a\u202f? Eh bien, sache que dans<strong> <em>La Jeunesse de L\u00e9nine <\/em>(1936), L\u00e9on Trotsky<\/strong> raconte que la ville natale du futur r\u00e9volutionnaire se situait dans une province repr\u00e9sentative des souffrances sociales russes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c0 Simbirsk, la classe dirigeante (compos\u00e9es de propri\u00e9taires terriens et fonctionnaires du tsar)   domine les nombreux paysans<\/strong> dont les conditions de vie sont mis\u00e9rables. En Russie, le titre de tsar \u00e9tait un titre de noblesse royal ou imp\u00e9rial port\u00e9 par les souverains (on retrouve la famille Romanov). \ud83d\udc51\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1017\" height=\"899\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille-Romanov.jpg\" alt=\"Une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la dynastie Romanov\" class=\"wp-image-253256\" style=\"width:395px;height:349px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille-Romanov.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1017 1017w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille-Romanov.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=308 308w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1017px) 100vw, 1017px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Une g\u00e9n\u00e9ration de la dynastie Romanov<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pour ces m\u00eames raisons, <strong>un courant de contestation du tsarisme<\/strong> voit le jour durant l\u2019enfance de L\u00e9nine. Ce courant est essentiellement <strong>pr\u00e9sent dans l&#8217;intelligentsia<\/strong>, une classe sociale engag\u00e9e dans un travail de cr\u00e9ation et de diffusion de la culture, soutenue par les enseignants et artistes \u270a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udce2 Ce que tu dois savoir, c\u2019est que <strong>le p\u00e8re de L\u00e9nine, Ilia Nikola\u00efevitch Oulianov<\/strong>, \u00e9tait lui-m\u00eame un fonctionnaire de l&#8217;instruction publique et appartenait \u00e0 l&#8217;intelligentsia. Tu commences \u00e0 comprendre d\u2019o\u00f9 viennent les aspirations r\u00e9volutionnaires de L\u00e9nine, non ?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"996\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille.jpg\" alt=\"La famille de L\u00e9nine\" class=\"wp-image-253257\" style=\"width:344px;height:353px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=996 996w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-famille.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 996px) 100vw, 996px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">La famille de L\u00e9nine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u2019autant que, comme Alexandre II refusait de mettre en place une Constitution lib\u00e9rale, de jeunes contestataires ont form\u00e9 une organisation populiste terroriste russe.<strong> La Narodna\u00efa Volia avait pour but<\/strong> <strong>d\u2019\u00e9radiquer le tsarisme<\/strong> et aboutit \u00e0 l&#8217;assassinat de l\u2019empereur le 1\u1d49\u02b3 mars 1881. L\u00e9nine a assist\u00e9 \u00e0 ce chaos alors qu\u2019il n\u2019avait que 10 ans\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-biographie-de-marie-curie\/\">la biographie de Marie Curie<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La chute d\u2019un enfant privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 \u2198\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Malgr\u00e9 ce contexte compliqu\u00e9,<strong> L\u00e9nine a grandi dans des conditions privil\u00e9gi\u00e9es<\/strong>. Durant sa scolarit\u00e9, il a b\u00e9n\u00e9fici\u00e9 du prestige de son p\u00e8re qui a poursuivi une remarquable carri\u00e8re dans l&#8217;enseignement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49<strong> En juillet 1874<\/strong>, Ilia Nikola\u00efevitch Oulianov est m\u00eame promu directeur de l&#8217;enseignement populaire, ce qui lui permet d&#8217;acc\u00e9der au titre de conseiller d&#8217;\u00c9tat. <strong>Il est anobli par<\/strong> <strong>le tsar Alexandre II<\/strong>, faisant des membres de sa famille de loyaux et honn\u00eates sujets. Son p\u00e8re est d\u00e9cor\u00e9 de l&#8217;ordre de Saint-Vladimir (IIIe classe),<strong> L\u00e9nine devient noble \u00e0 l&#8217;\u00e2ge de 6 ans<\/strong>. Bref, tout semble aller \u00e0 merveille !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/KWwtRomcaA2Lh6Zqkc\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e9nine qui se demande ce qu'il fait l\u00e0...\" style=\"width:389px;height:389px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">L\u00e9nine qui se demande ce qu&#8217;il fait l\u00e0&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019\u00e9cole, <strong>L\u00e9nine suit les traces de son p\u00e8re <\/strong>en devenant un \u00e9l\u00e8ve brillant. Il \u00e9tudie par exemple d\u2019arrache-pied : le fran\u00e7ais, l&#8217;allemand, le russe (logique), le latin et le grec ancien.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Tr\u00e8s <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">dou\u00e9<\/span>, constamment <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">appliqu\u00e9<\/span> et <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">soigneux<\/span>, Oulianov <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">a<\/span> toujours <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">\u00e9t\u00e9<\/span> \u00e0 <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">la<\/span> t\u00eate <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">de<\/span> sa <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">classe<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">K\u00e9rensky<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Directeur<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83e\udd14 Si tout allait si bien, que s\u2019est-il donc pass\u00e9\u202f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>1\ufe0f\u20e3\u200b \u200bEn 1886, <strong>le p\u00e8re de L\u00e9nine meurt <\/strong>d&#8217;une h\u00e9morragie c\u00e9r\u00e9brale \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 53 ans.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>2\ufe0f\u20e3 \u200bEn 1887,<strong> le fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 Alexandre Oulianov<\/strong>, jeune \u00e9tudiant qui ne s&#8217;\u00e9tait encore jamais fait remarquer, est impliqu\u00e9 dans un complot visant \u00e0 assassiner le tsar. Il est condamn\u00e9 et pendu.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/portrait-de-napoleon\/\">qui \u00e9tait Napol\u00e9on Bonaparte<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En seulement deux ans, l\u2019adolescent perd deux de ses mod\u00e8les. C\u2019est un choc pour <strong>le jeune L\u00e9nine qui<\/strong> <strong>commence \u00e0 se poser des questions<\/strong> concernant la politique de l\u2019Empire de Russie\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Des d\u00e9buts en droit et en politique<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ann\u00e9e o\u00f9 son fr\u00e8re est tu\u00e9, <strong>L\u00e9nine s&#8217;inscrit en droit \u00e0<\/strong> <strong>l&#8217;universit\u00e9 de Kazan<\/strong>. Comme son nom est <strong>associ\u00e9 \u00e0 celui d&#8217;un condamn\u00e9 politique<\/strong>, la police se met \u00e0 le surveiller de pr\u00e8s. Parce qu\u2019on craint que L\u00e9nine suive ses traces, on l\u2019exclut de l\u2019universit\u00e9 lorsqu\u2019il participe \u00e0 une assembl\u00e9e contestant le r\u00e9gime de l\u2019\u00e9cole.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/81xwEHX23zhvy\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que L\u00e9nine porte sur son front l\u2019\u00e9tiquette des \u00ab \u00e9tudiants exclus pour des raisons d&#8217;hygi\u00e8ne politique \u00bb, son avenir est compromis. <strong>Il est m\u00eame assign\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9sidence <\/strong>chez son grand-p\u00e8re maternel pendant un an.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\ude45\u200d\u2642\ufe0f Stop, dis-tu\u202f? Non non, rien n\u2019arr\u00eate <strong>L\u00e9nine qui<\/strong> <strong>fr\u00e9quente des cercles clandestins <\/strong>\u00e0 Kazan et Samara, il participe \u00e0 des regroupements d&#8217;\u00e9tudiants autour de <strong>d\u00e9port\u00e9s politiques<\/strong> et il lit des <strong>ouvrages interdits<\/strong> comme <em>Le Capital<\/em> de Karl Marx.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/WrgAGkGrh0MD1Z2gkO\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en 1890 que le jeune homme obtient <strong>l&#8217;autorisation de passer les examens du<\/strong> <strong>dipl\u00f4me en droit<\/strong> de l&#8217;universit\u00e9 de Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg. Et devine quoi\u202f? L\u2019ann\u00e9e suivante, il l&#8217;obtient et finit premier sur cent trente-quatre candidats !\u200b \ud83d\udc4f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83c\udf93 Le dipl\u00f4me en poche, <strong>L\u00e9nine s\u2019inscrit en 1892<\/strong> <strong>au barreau de Samara<\/strong> pour exercer la profession d&#8217;avocat et a LA r\u00e9v\u00e9lation. En clarifiant ses id\u00e9es politiques, il comprend qu\u2019il doit dire bye bye \u00e0 Samara et s\u2019en va en 1893.<strong> Il devient marxiste et social-d\u00e9mocrate et d\u00e9cide de consacrer sa vie \u00e0 la lutte pour le socialisme.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udcda Les lectures qui l\u2019ont inspir\u00e9<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li><em>Le Capital<\/em> de Marx<\/li>\n<li><em>Anti-D\u00fchring<\/em> d&#8217;Engels<\/li>\n<li><em>L&#8217;\u00c9mancipation du travail<\/em> de Georges Pl\u00e9khanov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>         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Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n       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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                         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                  <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS GRATUIT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De politique exil\u00e9 \u00e0 r\u00e9volutionnaire communiste \ud83d\udca5\u200b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019exil \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger et le retour en Russie\u200b \ud83c\udf0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsque <strong>L\u00e9nine commence \u00e0 d\u00e9couvrir<\/strong> <strong>la doctrine marxiste<\/strong> avec sa compagne, Nadejda Kroupskaia, il est condamn\u00e9 \u00e0<strong> trois ans d&#8217;exil en Sib\u00e9rie<\/strong>. Si tu penses que cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement a sonn\u00e9 la fin de sa carri\u00e8re, c\u2019est en fait tout l\u2019inverse !\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s qu\u2019il a l\u2019occasion de revenir sur le devant de la sc\u00e8ne en <strong>1900<\/strong>, la l\u00e9gende de l\u2019agitateur&nbsp;de Russie d\u00e9bute. Le couple s\u2019\u00e9tant \u00e9tabli durant son exil<strong> au bord de la L\u00e9na<\/strong>, un fleuve de Sib\u00e9rie,<strong> on donne au mari le surnom de L\u00e9nine<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Je <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">ne<\/span> suis <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">pas<\/span> un <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">d\u00e9serteur<\/span> ni <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">un<\/span> r\u00e9fractaire, <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">mais<\/span> un <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">exil\u00e9<\/span> politique.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">L\u00e9nine<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">R\u00e9volutionnaire communiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f Deux ans plus tard, l\u2019adepte de la doctrine marxiste exprime l\u2019id\u00e9e qu\u2019il est <strong>n\u00e9cessaire de cr\u00e9er une avant-garde r\u00e9volutionnaire<\/strong> pour ouvrir la voie aux ouvriers. Oui, quitte \u00e0 utiliser des m\u00e9thodes dictatoriales\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 30 juillet 1903, \u00e0 Bruxelles, au cours du congr\u00e8s du Parti Ouvrier Social-D\u00e9mocrate Russe (POSDR), un \u00e9v\u00e9nement important se produit. C\u2019est<strong> la scission entre les partisans de L\u00e9nine et les partisans de Martov.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/koPSBhdvbCD4c\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"la scission entre les partisans de L\u00e9nine et les partisans de Martov\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>les bolcheviks<\/strong> : les partisans qui soutiennent L\u00e9nine et Plekhanov.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200a\ud83d\udc49<strong>\u200a les mencheviks<\/strong> : les membres du parti ouvrier social-d\u00e9mocrate russe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant la premi\u00e8re R\u00e9volution russe de 1905, L\u00e9nine reste en exil par prudence et attend patiemment LE moment parfait pour revenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u27a1\ufe0f Le jour opportun arrive <strong>le 16 avril 1917<\/strong>. <strong>C\u2019est la chute du tsarisme et l&#8217;av\u00e8nement de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/strong> en Russie. La voie est libre, direction Petrograd (nouvellement Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg) !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udcdc Le programme du parti de L\u00e9nine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>La paix imm\u00e9diate<\/li>\n<li>Le pouvoir aux soviets<\/li>\n<li>Les usines aux ouvriers<\/li>\n<li>La terre aux paysans<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Sur le papier, ces <strong><em>Th\u00e8ses d&#8217;Avril<\/em><\/strong> s\u00e9duisent les soldats et les paysans. Le hic, c\u2019est qu\u2019elles ne plaisent pas vraiment aux bolcheviks qui les trouvent trop radicales. L\u00e9nine se retrouve donc sans ses alli\u00e9s du d\u00e9but et le <strong>Premier ministre socialiste Alexandre Kerenski<\/strong> ordonne son arrestation. Encore une fois, L\u00e9nine doit plier bagage et s\u2019enfuit en Finlande \ud83e\uddf3<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3oKIPoZniJ2hq8IItG\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e9nine doit plier bagage et s\u2019enfuit en Finlande\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Est-ce que L\u00e9nine laisse tomber\u202f? Non non, il attend le bon moment pour intervenir. Quand<strong> le gouvernement russe est affaibli \u00e0 cause du<\/strong> <strong>coup d&#8217;\u00c9tat du 6 novembre 1917<\/strong>, aussi appel\u00e9 la R\u00e9volution d&#8217;Octobre, L\u00e9nine revient au pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin\u2026 Son retour n\u2019est pas synonyme de joie pour tout le monde. <strong>Le 30 ao\u00fbt 1918<\/strong>, Dora Kaplan, une militante socialiste-r\u00e9volutionnaire,<strong> tente de<\/strong> <strong>l\u2019assassiner<\/strong> pendant qu\u2019il visite une usine.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gri\u00e8vement bless\u00e9, <strong>L\u00e9nine se r\u00e9tablit de fa\u00e7on miraculeuse<\/strong> et intensifie la r\u00e9pression pour exprimer clairement sa pens\u00e9e concernant cet attentat. La terreur de masse est institutionnalis\u00e9e par le d\u00e9cret <strong>\u00ab Sur la terreur rouge \u00bb<\/strong> du 5 septembre 1918 \ud83e\ude78\u200b\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-rouge.jpg\" alt=\"Sur la terreur rouge\" class=\"wp-image-253259\" style=\"width:443px;height:295px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-rouge.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=500 500w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-rouge.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>S\u2019ensuit une descente aux enfers pour les Russes <\/strong>qui doivent faire face apr\u00e8s la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale \u00e0 une guerre civile (1917-1921). L\u00e9nine fonde pendant cette p\u00e9riode<strong> l\u2019Internationale Communiste<\/strong> le 2 mars 1919 \u00e0 Moscou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ambitieux et obnubil\u00e9 <\/strong>par son souhait d\u2019\u00e9tablir une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 sans classes, il essaie de placer sous sa protection <strong>TOUS les partis marxistes <\/strong>de la plan\u00e8te durant un premier congr\u00e8s. Bien que cet \u00e9v\u00e9nement r\u00e9unisse <strong>54 participants de 21 pays diff\u00e9rents, <\/strong>la parole n\u2019est pas si libre que \u00e7a \ud83e\udd10<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/che-guevara\/\">Che Guevara, l\u2019ic\u00f4ne r\u00e9volutionnaire<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Le congr\u00e8s est domin\u00e9 par <strong>le Parti bolchevik, ce qui place<\/strong> <strong>L\u00e9nine en ma\u00eetre absolu<\/strong>. Il profite de son r\u00f4le d\u2019organisateur pour<strong> pr\u00e9senter ses th\u00e8ses<\/strong> aux adh\u00e9rents et ne donne pas d\u2019id\u00e9es concr\u00e8tes pour mettre fin \u00e0 la guerre civile. Bref, pas tr\u00e8s productif tout \u00e7a\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En 1920, le deuxi\u00e8me congr\u00e8s prend l\u2019allure d\u2019une dictature<\/strong>. Pour faire partie de l\u2019Internationale Communiste, il faut respecter vingt et une conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca5 Les obligations des partis adh\u00e9rents<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul style=\"list-style-type: square\">\n<li>Porter le nom de \u00ab parti communiste \u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Ne pas pr\u00f4ner des \u00ab \u00e9l\u00e9ments petits-bourgeois \u00bb<\/li>\n<li>Adopter une propagande communiste<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On voit \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0 que L\u00e9nine commet deux erreurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1282\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1282\">\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">1<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Il s\u2019\u00e9loigne de son but originel (aider les classes ouvri\u00e8res) jusqu\u2019\u00e0 devenir une figure froide et antipathique qui interdit toute pens\u00e9e autre que la sienne.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">2<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">La main mise qu\u2019il avait sur l\u2019Internationale Communiste lui \u00e9chappe. Elle finit par servir \u00e0 Staline qui l\u2019utilise pour ses int\u00e9r\u00eats personnels. L\u00e9nine est incapable de contr\u00f4ler les hommes influents et appara\u00eet comme un intellectuel trop na\u00eff pour garder le pouvoir.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1282 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>Les congr\u00e8s ne servant plus qu\u2019\u00e0 Staline, ce n\u2019est qu\u2019en <strong>mars 1921<\/strong> que les Russes voient la lumi\u00e8re au bout du tunnel avec<strong> l&#8217;institution de la Nouvelle Politique \u00c9conomique<\/strong> (NEP). Elle leur insuffle une certaine libert\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et sociale.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Quelle \u00e9tait l&#8217;id\u00e9ologie de L\u00e9nine ?\u200b\u200b \ud83e\uddd0<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udcd8 <em>L\u2019\u00c9tat et la R\u00e9volution<\/em> (1917) de L\u00e9nine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\u201cLa marche en avant, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire vers le communisme, se fait en passant <strong>par la dictature du prol\u00e9tariat<\/strong> ; et elle ne peut se faire autrement, car il n\u2019est point d\u2019autres classes ni d\u2019autres moyens qui puissent <strong>briser la r\u00e9sistance des capitalistes exploiteurs<\/strong>\u201d.<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200a\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Dans ce passage, deux informations sont \u00e0 retenir :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\u200b1\ufe0f\u20e3\u200b La politique de L\u00e9nine est tourn\u00e9e vers<strong> le communisme<\/strong>, une organisation politique et sociale fond\u00e9e sur<strong> la suppression de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e au profit de la propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On pr\u00f4ne le partage de biens entre les membres d\u2019une communaut\u00e9 et non la possession individuelle. <strong>Ce syst\u00e8me<\/strong> <strong>emprunt\u00e9 au marxisme<\/strong> viserait \u00e0 faire dispara\u00eetre les classes sociales.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3otPoOxyDTXjzpMbIY\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Quelle g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 ce L\u00e9nine...\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Quelle g\u00e9n\u00e9rosit\u00e9 ce L\u00e9nine&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>2\ufe0f\u20e3 Qu\u2019entend-il exactement par la dictature du prol\u00e9tariat ?<strong> Selon L\u00e9nine,<\/strong> <strong>la classe ouvri\u00e8re est exploit\u00e9e par le capitalisme<\/strong>, un r\u00e9gime \u00e9conomique et social dans lequel des ressources et capitaux reviennent aux gens qui n\u2019ont pas travaill\u00e9 pour les g\u00e9n\u00e9rer.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e0 o\u00f9 la pens\u00e9e de L\u00e9nine pose souci, c\u2019est qu\u2019il fait de son id\u00e9ologie <strong>une sorte de v\u00e9rit\u00e9 absolue et universelle<\/strong>. On ne parle plus de simple communisme mais bel et bien de <strong>totalitarisme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\ude97 Plus loin, il ajoute<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p style=\"text-align: center\">\u201c<em>En m\u00eame temps qu\u2019un \u00e9largissement consid\u00e9rable de la d\u00e9mocratie, devenue pour la premi\u00e8re fois d\u00e9mocratie pour les pauvres, <strong>la dictature du prol\u00e9tariat<\/strong> apporte une s\u00e9rie de restrictions \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 pour les oppresseurs, les exploiteurs, les capitalistes. <strong>Ceux-l\u00e0, nous devons les mater<\/strong> [&#8230;]. C\u2019est seulement dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 communiste, <strong>lorsque la r\u00e9sistance des capitalistes est d\u00e9finitivement bris\u00e9e<\/strong> [&#8230;] et qu\u2019il n\u2019y a plus de classes, c\u2019est alors seulement que l\u2019\u00c9tat cesse d\u2019exister et qu\u2019il devient possible de parler de libert\u00e9<\/em>.\u201d<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsqu\u2019on lit ces lignes, on voit <strong>comment L\u00e9nine justifie la dictature du prol\u00e9tariat<\/strong> <strong>et comment<\/strong> <strong>L\u00e9nine d\u00e9finit le communisme<\/strong>. Son texte montre clairement que, d\u2019apr\u00e8s lui, on peut mettre en place une dictature quand la situation l\u2019impose.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans Le Robert, on d\u00e9finit le prol\u00e9tariat comme une \u201c<b><i>partie de la classe ouvri\u00e8re <\/i><\/b><i>consciente de l\u2019exploitation dont elle est l\u2019objet dans le syst\u00e8me capitaliste, et <\/i><b><i>qui travaille \u00e0 mettre fin \u00e0 cette exploitation<\/i><\/b><i> par la r\u00e9volution.<\/i>\u201d<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En soit, L\u00e9nine dit que seule la dictature permettrait de lib\u00e9rer les ouvriers de la pression et des injustices sociales qui p\u00e8sent sur eux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Tu noteras d\u2019ailleurs que les mots employ\u00e9s sont forts. L\u00e9nine parle de <em>\u00ab mater \u00bb<\/em> et de <em>\u00ab r\u00e9sistance [&#8230;] bris\u00e9e \u00bb<\/em>.<strong> Il appara\u00eet comme un homme agressif et autoritaire <\/strong>qui n\u2019accepte pas d\u2019autres opinions ou partis que ceux qu&#8217;il tol\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvZ3JhcGhpZSZzaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin de vie du proph\u00e8te du totalitarisme \ud83c\udf29\ufe0f\u200b<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La collaboration avec Trotsky et Staline \u200b\ud83e\udd1d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant la R\u00e9volution de 1905, L\u00e9nine rencontre Staline, qu\u2019il conna\u00eet \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque sous le nom de <strong>Joseph Vissarionovitch<\/strong>. Les choses semblent aller entre eux, ils collaborent lors de la guerre civile (1917-1923) et <strong>L\u00e9nine appuie la nomination de Staline <\/strong>en tant que Secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Comit\u00e9 central du Parti communiste en mars 1922.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u26a0\ufe0f Bien qu\u2019ils s\u2019entendent bien, <strong>leurs relations se d\u00e9gradent quand L\u00e9nine commence \u00e0 avoir<\/strong> <strong>des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9<\/strong>. Il n\u2019est plus en ad\u00e9quation avec Staline dont le pouvoir grandit encore et encore.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3og0IFntLbrW7yuamQ\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"L\u00e9nine commence \u00e0 avoir des probl\u00e8mes de sant\u00e9\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200a\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Pourquoi leurs relations se sont-elles d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9es ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parce que <strong>L\u00e9nine comprend que Staline est un homme politique dangereux<\/strong>, qu\u2019il ne fait preuve d\u2019aucune intelligence et qu\u2019il utilise trop souvent sa brutalit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant la guerre civile russe, Staline utilise par exemple sa position pour <strong>ex\u00e9cuter ce qu\u2019il appelle<\/strong> <strong>des \u00ab sp\u00e9cialistes bourgeois \u00bb<\/strong>. Il fait de la mort un instrument politique, provoquant la col\u00e8re vaine d\u2019un L\u00e9nine malade.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>La <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">mort<\/span> r\u00e9sout <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">tous<\/span> les <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">probl\u00e8mes<\/span>. Pas <span style=\"color: #0000ff\">d&#8217;hommes<\/span>, pas de<span style=\"color: #0000ff\"> probl\u00e8mes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Jospeh Staline<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">R\u00e9volutionnaire bolchevik<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Leur collaboration est au plus mal<\/strong>, ce qui n\u2019emp\u00eache pas Staline de vouloir prendre la place de son ancien alli\u00e9 en 1924. Oui, il n\u2019\u00e9tait pas tr\u00e8s inquiet de l\u2019\u00e9tat de sant\u00e9 de L\u00e9nine\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"422\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Staline.jpg\" alt=\"Une affiche de propagande disant que Staline s'inspire de &quot;l'esprit du grand L\u00e9nine\" class=\"wp-image-253260\" style=\"width:556px;height:366px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Staline.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=640 640w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Staline.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Une affiche de propagande disant que Staline s&#8217;inspire de &#8220;l&#8217;esprit du grand L\u00e9nine&#8221;&#8230;.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Sa relation avec <strong>Trotsky<\/strong>, ou L\u00e9on Bronstein pour les intimes, n\u2019a rien \u00e0 voir avec celle qu\u2019il entretient avec Staline \u00e0 ses d\u00e9buts. <strong>L\u00e9nine le rencontre en 1902 et le courant passe moyennement <\/strong>entre eux : Trotsky a soutenu Martov, le chef des mencheviks, pendant son conflit avec les bolcheviks.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"688\" height=\"688\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Trotsky-edited.jpg\" alt=\"Trotsky et L\u00e9nine\" class=\"wp-image-253262\" style=\"width:268px;height:268px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Trotsky-edited.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=688 688w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-et-Trotsky-edited.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=272 272w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 688px) 100vw, 688px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trotsky et L\u00e9nine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Mais alors, ils ne se sont jamais entendus ?\u200b \ud83e\uddd0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Eh bien\u2026 si ! Pendant la R\u00e9volution de 1917, les deux hommes se rapprochent jusqu\u2019\u00e0 <strong>devenir des alli\u00e9s<\/strong>. On apprend m\u00eame qu\u2019\u00e0 la fin de sa vie,<strong> L\u00e9nine se confie \u00e0 Trotsky<\/strong> et non Staline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La mort de L\u00e9nine \u2620\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u2198\ufe0f Le d\u00e9clin du dictateur<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>1921 : <strong>sa sant\u00e9 se d\u00e9grade<\/strong> mais il continue de s\u2019occuper des affaires de l\u2019Etat. On dit que, terrifi\u00e9 par l\u2019id\u00e9e de devenir handicap\u00e9, <strong>il pense au suicide<\/strong> et demande \u00e0 Staline du poison.<\/li>\n<li>1922 : il est victime <strong>d\u2019une premi\u00e8re crise cardiaque<\/strong> et essaie en vain de pr\u00e9parer sa succession.<\/li>\n<li>21 janvier 1924 : <strong>L\u00e9nine meurt \u00e0 Gorki<\/strong>, victime d\u2019une troisi\u00e8me crise cardiaque. Il d\u00e9c\u00e8de en \u00e9tant priv\u00e9 de parole et paralys\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 <span style=\"text-decoration: underline\" class=\"underline\"><strong>Les hypoth\u00e8ses sur la mort de L\u00e9nine<\/strong><\/span> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La cause exacte de sa mort a beaucoup \u00e9t\u00e9 discut\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque. Certains pensent qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 <strong>empoisonn\u00e9 par le plomb de la balle <\/strong>qu\u2019il avait re\u00e7u lors d\u2019une tentative d\u2019assassinat orchestr\u00e9e en 1918.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme la balle est rest\u00e9e log\u00e9e pr\u00e8s de sa colonne vert\u00e9brale <strong>plusieurs ann\u00e9es<\/strong> (oui oui, tu as bien compris), on pense qu\u2019elle a fini par causer sa mort \ud83d\udea8\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Du c\u00f4t\u00e9 des adversaires politiques de L\u00e9nine, <strong>on pense qu\u2019il est mort de<\/strong> <strong>la syphilis<\/strong>. C\u2019est une maladie infectieuse sexuellement transmissible (IST) provoqu\u00e9e par une bact\u00e9rie. Cette hypoth\u00e8se servait \u00e0 <strong>entacher le nom de L\u00e9nine <\/strong>puisque la syphilis avait la r\u00e9putation de rendre fou ceux qu\u2019elle frappait. En fait, c\u2019\u00e9tait LA pathologie redout\u00e9e \ud83d\ude28<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/3o7abrH8o4HMgEAV9e\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"LA pathologie redout\u00e9e\" style=\"width:463px;height:232px\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Comme L\u00e9nine avait demand\u00e9 \u00e0 Staline du poison, <strong>la rumeur d\u2019un<\/strong> <strong>empoisonnement<\/strong> s\u2019est aussi r\u00e9pandue. Elle a d\u2019ailleurs \u00e9t\u00e9 <strong>mentionn\u00e9e par Trotsky<\/strong> lui-m\u00eame. Son alli\u00e9 croyait en cette version \ud83c\udf76<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parmi les plus c\u00e9l\u00e8bres hypoth\u00e8ses, on retrouve \u00e9galement celle de <strong>l\u2019art\u00e9rioscl\u00e9rose<\/strong>, une maladie caus\u00e9e par l\u2019accumulation de d\u00e9p\u00f4ts graisseux \u00e0 la surface interne des art\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des Sovi\u00e9tiques pensent \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque que si L\u00e9nine est mort d\u2019une art\u00e9rioscl\u00e9rose, <strong>elle aurait \u00e9t\u00e9 caus\u00e9e par une<\/strong> <strong>anomalie g\u00e9n\u00e9tique <\/strong>puisque la mort de certains membres de sa famille \u00e9tait d\u00fbe \u00e0 des probl\u00e8mes circulatoires. Et toi, quelle version crois-tu ? \ud83e\udd28\u200b<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 Pour <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/russie-puissance-mondiale\/\">comprendre la puissance russe<\/a>, c&#8217;est par ici !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qui est le successeur de L\u00e9nine ?\u200b \ud83d\udc51<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu penses directement que Trotsky a pris la succession de L\u00e9nine parce qu\u2019il \u00e9tait son alli\u00e9 et confident ? Hop hop hop, une seconde ! Tu dois avoir toutes les informations \ud83d\udcd6<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En 1922, L\u00e9nine s\u2019est exprim\u00e9 sur <strong>la position de Staline<\/strong>, nomm\u00e9 Premier secr\u00e9taire en avril au XIe Congr\u00e8s du parti \u00e0 Moscou. Si L\u00e9nine soutenait la personne surnomm\u00e9e \u201cl\u2019homme de fer\u201d, le chef de l\u2019URSS a vite chang\u00e9 de discours.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u261d\ufe0f L&#8217;avis de L\u00e9nine<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p style=\"text-align: center\"><em>\u201cJe propose aux camarades de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir <strong>au moyen de d\u00e9placer Staline de ce poste<\/strong> et de nommer \u00e0 sa place un homme qui, sous tous les rapports, se distingue du camarade Staline par une sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire qu\u2019il soit <strong>plus patient, plus loyal, plus poli et plus attentionn\u00e9<\/strong> envers les camarades.\u201d<\/em><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris en lisant ce discours, L\u00e9nine est clairement inquiet de voir Staline lui succ\u00e9der. C\u2019est l\u2019adversaire ultime quoi\u2026 adversaire qui a d\u2019ailleurs obtenu le pouvoir\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u200b\ud83e\udd14 Que s\u2019est-il pass\u00e9 exactement ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9nine mort,<strong> Staline a eu le champ libre pour devenir<\/strong> <strong>le dirigeant de l\u2019URSS.<\/strong> Il le devient seulement cinq ans apr\u00e8s la mort de son ancien alli\u00e9, de 1929 \u00e0 1953.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>Le 24 janvier 1924, soit trois jours seulement apr\u00e8s la mort de L\u00e9nine, les Russes d\u00e9cident de rendre hommage \u00e0 ce p\u00e8re de la R\u00e9volution russe.<\/li>\n<li><b>La capitale est rebaptis\u00e9e Leningrad <\/b>pour faire honneur \u00e0 Vladimir Ilitch Oulianov. Et \u00e7a ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 ! On ne fait pas les choses \u00e0 moiti\u00e9 puisque la ville natale de L\u00e9nine, <b>Simbirsk<\/b>, est aussi <b>renomm\u00e9e Oulianovsk<\/b>.<\/li>\n<li>Ce n\u2019est qu\u2019au lendemain de la chute du r\u00e9gime sovi\u00e9tique que Leningrad, anciennement Petrograd,<b> redevient Saint-P\u00e9tersbourg<\/b>. En clair, L\u00e9nine a su marquer les esprits !<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00e9capitulatif de la vie de L\u00e9nine \ud83d\udcd6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les dates cl\u00e9s de son parcours\u200b \ud83d\udd11<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour t\u2019aider, les Sherpas ont r\u00e9capitul\u00e9 les dates qui ont marqu\u00e9 la vie de L\u00e9nine \ud83d\ude0a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>18 avril 1870 : la naissance de L\u00e9nine<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>4 avril 1917 : les <\/strong><strong><em>Th\u00e8ses d\u2019Avril<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On est \u00e0 Petrograd, L\u00e9nine d\u00e9cide de <strong>pr\u00e9senter ses th\u00e8ses<\/strong> lors d\u2019une r\u00e9union du parti bolchevik. Il les inclut dans <em>Les T\u00e2ches du prol\u00e9tariat dans la pr\u00e9sente r\u00e9volution<\/em>, texte plus connu sous le titre des <em>Th\u00e8ses d\u2019Avril <\/em>dans <strong>le journal Pravda<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/KDYB0cH4HW8xc3VIAx\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Toutes les th\u00e8ses de L\u00e9nine\" style=\"width:417px;height:235px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Toutes les th\u00e8ses de L\u00e9nine<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>16 avril 1917 : L\u00e9nine rentre en Russie<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s 10 ans d\u2019exil, <strong>L\u00e9nine quitte la Suisse<\/strong> pour rentrer chez lui en Russie. Il arrive pile au bon moment : le tsar Nicolas II a d\u00fb abdiquer et la R\u00e9volution d\u2019octobre se pr\u00e9pare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1er juillet 1917 : les Journ\u00e9es de juillet<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u00e9riode sombre pour L\u00e9nine\u2026 <strong>Les bolcheviks tentent une insurrection <\/strong>entre le 16 et le 20 juillet \u00e0 P\u00e9trograd. Cons\u00e9quence ? Le gouvernement fait interdire le journal Pravda et fait arr\u00eater les leaders du mouvement.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"390\" height=\"520\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-Trotsky-edited.jpg\" alt=\"Trotsky\" class=\"wp-image-253264\" style=\"width:228px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-Trotsky-edited.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=390 390w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/Lenine-Trotsky-edited.jpg?q=90&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=204 204w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 390px) 100vw, 390px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Trotsky<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Parmi eux, on reconna\u00eet <strong>L\u00e9on Trotsky<\/strong>, le chef du comit\u00e9 militaire r\u00e9volutionnaire, et L\u00e9nine. Ce dernier voit le vent tourner et fuit en Finlande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>4 novembre 1917 : l\u2019instauration d\u2019un \u00e9tat socialiste<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Trotsky, qui a \u00e9t\u00e9 lib\u00e9r\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019issue de l\u2019affaire Karnilov, investit la ville avec son arm\u00e9e. Alexandre Kerenski, alors chef du gouvernement provisoire, d\u00e9cide de fuir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Et L\u00e9nine dans tout \u00e7a ? Ces actions lui permettent de devenir <strong>le pr\u00e9sident du conseil des commissaires du peuple<\/strong> et d\u2019instaurer un \u00e9tat socialiste.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/benito-mussolini\/\">Benito Mussolini, l\u2019inventeur du fascisme<\/a>\u200b !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>6 novembre 1917 : le d\u00e9but de la R\u00e9volution d\u2019octobre<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9nine et ses troupes investissent le Palais d\u2019hiver de la Douma et<strong> renverse la monarchie<\/strong>. Le r\u00e9gime tsariste est en d\u00e9route, c\u2019est la pagaille !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>12 mars 1921 : L\u00e9nine lance la NEP<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u00e9nine annonce le lancement d\u2019une nouvelle politique \u00e9conomique : <strong>la Nova\u00efa Ekonomitcheskaia Politika <\/strong>(NEP). L\u2019id\u00e9e, c\u2019est de retrouver les bonnes vieilles m\u00e9thodes de l\u2019\u00e9conomie capitaliste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces nouvelles mesures sont comme un second souffle pour l\u2019URSS avant de montrer leurs limites devant le ch\u00f4mage croissant. La NEP sera balay\u00e9e par Staline d\u00e8s 1929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>21 janvier 1924 : la mort de L\u00e9nine<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Teste tes connaissances sur la vie de L\u00e9nine \u270d\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<style>@media screen and (max-width: 640px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}@media screen and (min-width: 641px) and (max-width: 1024px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}@media screen and (min-width: 1025px){#og_iframe{height: 500px;width:100%;}}<\/style><div id='og_iframe' style='-webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch; overflow: auto;'><iframe title=\"Teams #492 Assessment\" src='https:\/\/lessherpas.outgrow.us\/66b335dcb8ef39a605488145?custom=1' style='border: none; overflow: hidden; width:100%; height: calc(100% - 31px);' scrolling='yes' allow=\"camera *;\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alors, qu\u2019as-tu pens\u00e9 de la vie de L\u00e9nine ? \ud83d\ude0e<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que tu as lu notre<strong> biographie de L\u00e9nine<\/strong>, tu as r\u00e9alis\u00e9 que ce repr\u00e9sentant de la R\u00e9volution russe n\u2019\u00e9tait pas c\u00e9l\u00e8bre pour rien.<strong> <\/strong>L\u2019enfant promis \u00e0 un avenir glorieux devenu le <strong>p\u00e8re du communisme et du totalitarisme<\/strong> en a fait du chemin\u2026 Ce qu\u2019on esp\u00e8re, c\u2019est que tu es par\u00e9 pour raconter toute sa vie dans ta copie d\u2019examen \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;253254&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (10 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u00e9nine, le r\u00e9volutionnaire communiste\u200b \ud83c\uddf7\ud83c\uddfa&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (10 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, on va te parler de L\u00e9nine, alias \u00ab le proph\u00e8te du totalitarisme \u00bb. Comme ce r\u00e9volutionnaire communiste (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":329,"featured_media":253269,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[375,781],"class_list":["post-253254","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-politique","tag-portraits"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253254","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/329"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253254"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253254\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/253269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253254"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=253254"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=253254"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}