{"id":252657,"date":"2022-11-23T22:08:46","date_gmt":"2022-11-23T21:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=252657"},"modified":"2025-05-19T12:27:35","modified_gmt":"2025-05-19T10:27:35","slug":"histoire-mur-de-berlin","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/histoire-mur-de-berlin\/","title":{"rendered":"La v\u00e9ritable histoire du mur de Berlin \ud83e\uddf1"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Le mur le plus \u00ab\u00a0<em>famous<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019histoire est tomb\u00e9 le 9 novembre 1989. Quel mur ? Le mur de Berlin, pardi ! On te raconte tout ce qu\u2019il y a \u00e0 savoir sur<strong> le mur de Berlin <\/strong>qui a s\u00e9par\u00e9 la capitale allemande en deux pendant 28 ans. Une chose est s\u00fbre, apr\u00e8s \u00e7a elle n\u2019aura plus aucun secret pour toi. Alors gehen wir (c\u2019est parti en allemand) ! \ud83d\ude80&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aux-origines-du-mur-de-berlin\">Aux origines du mur de Berlin \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-fin-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale\">La fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale \ud83d\udca3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu le sais, la Seconde Guerre mondiale a \u00e9t\u00e9 remport\u00e9e par la France (cocorico), la Grande-Bretagne, les \u00c9tats-Unis, la Russie et les Chinois.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s cette victoire, il a fallu d\u00e9cider de ce qu\u2019on faisait de l\u2019Allemagne qui avait perdu. <strong>Qui allait la diriger ? <\/strong>(bonne question \ud83e\udd14)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La solution choisie a \u00e9t\u00e9 <strong>de diviser l\u2019Allemagne en deux<\/strong>. La partie Ouest, g\u00e9r\u00e9e par les Occidentaux (la France, l\u2019Angleterre et les \u00c9tats-Unis) et la partie Est par la Russie. <strong>C\u2019est ainsi que sont n\u00e9es la RFA et la RDA<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/allemagne-divisee-1024x838.jpg\" alt=\"mur de Berlin\" class=\"wp-image-252689\" style=\"width:400px;height:327px\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Le petit hic dans tout \u00e7a, c\u2019est Berlin. <strong>La capitale allemande est situ\u00e9e dans la zone Est du pays<\/strong>. Malgr\u00e9 tout, <strong>elle doit, elle aussi, \u00eatre divis\u00e9e en deux<\/strong>. On aboutit donc \u00e0 la cr\u00e9ation&nbsp;de Berlin-Ouest, dirig\u00e9e par les Occidentaux et Berlin-Est dirig\u00e9e par les Russes. <strong>La petite enclave occidentale se retrouve seule au milieu de cette zone sous contr\u00f4le sovi\u00e9tique<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/DRYU7xgNIJbzQjOOBH\/giphy-downsized-large.gif\" alt=\"Avant la chute du mur de Berlin c'\u00e9tait \u00e7a \" style=\"width:520px;height:520px\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Berlin Ouest au milieu de l&rsquo;Est <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-guerre-froide\">La guerre froide \u2744\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une fois l\u2019Allemagne divis\u00e9e, place \u00e0 la guerre froide ! Eh oui, <strong>pendant 30 ans, les \u00c9tats-Unis (capitalistes) et l\u2019URSS (communiste) vont s\u2019opposer sur le plan g\u00e9opolitique<\/strong>. La Team USA est soutenue par certains pays d\u2019Europe occidentale comme la France et le Royaume-Uni. Alors que l\u2019URSS peut compter sur ses \u00c9tats qui contribuent \u00e0 sa puissance et sa grandeur. <strong>Ainsi se forme le bloc de l\u2019Ouest et le bloc de l\u2019Est<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Durant ses plus belles ann\u00e9es, l\u2019URSS n\u2019\u00e9tait pas uniquement compos\u00e9e de la Russie. Son territoire prenait \u00e9galement en compte :<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>l\u2019Ukraine<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>la Bi\u00e9lorussie<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>la Moldavie<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>l\u2019Azerba\u00efdjan<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>l\u2019Arm\u00e9nie<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>la G\u00e9orgie<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Avec des id\u00e9es aussi oppos\u00e9es, la situation a souvent \u00e9t\u00e9 tendue durant cette p\u00e9riode. Ce fut notamment le cas <strong>en 1948, lorsque Staline, le leader de l\u2019URSS, a cr\u00e9\u00e9 un blocus de Berlin-Ouest<\/strong>. Les Berlinois de cette zone ne pouvaient plus en sortir. Surtout, ils ne pouvaient plus \u00eatre ravitaill\u00e9s par les camions et les trains en nourriture. Pour ne pas laisser les Berlinois mourir de faim, <strong>un pont a\u00e9rien a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9<\/strong>. Les Am\u00e9ricains, aid\u00e9s par les Fran\u00e7ais et les Anglais, ont, pendant un an, approvisionn\u00e9 les Berlinois de l\u2019Ouest par avion. Au total, <strong>plus de 280 000 vols ont \u00e9t\u00e9 r\u00e9alis\u00e9s pour alimenter la capitale allemande<\/strong>. \ud83d\udeeb<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"speaker\">\n        <div >\n            <h2 class=\"speaker__title\" id=\"les-intervenants\"> Les intervenants <\/h2>\n            <div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Joseph-Staline.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Joseph Staline<\/div>\n                        <div>Dirigeant de l&rsquo;URSS <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">est un homme d\u2019\u00c9tat sovi\u00e9tique qui a dirig\u00e9 l\u2019URSS durant 33 ans. Il s\u2019est distingu\u00e9 pour avoir instaur\u00e9 un r\u00e9gime de dictature personnelle absolue de type totalitaire.<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udc96 Fun Fact<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>La guerre froide n\u2019a pas uniquement eu lieu en Europe. <strong>Elle s\u2019est \u00e9galement d\u00e9plac\u00e9e dans <\/strong><strong>l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/systeme-solaire\/\">espace<\/a><\/strong><strong> \ud83d\ude80 ! Cette dr\u00f4le de guerre a permis de grandes avanc\u00e9es dans ce domaine<\/strong>. Voici quelques films qui traitent de cette <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/conquete-de-lespace\/\">conqu\u00eate spatiale<\/a> :<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>First Man<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Les figures de l\u2019ombre<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>L\u2019\u00e9toffe des h\u00e9ros Apollo 13<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-construction-du-mur-de-berlin\">La construction du mur de Berlin \u2692\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 la fuite massive d\u2019Allemands vers la RFA, le pr\u00e9sident de l\u2019URSS d\u00e9cide d\u2019intervenir. <strong>Nikita Khrouchtchev<\/strong> a la brillante id\u00e9e de construire un mur pour arr\u00eater cette h\u00e9morragie.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"speaker\">\n        <div >\n            <h2 class=\"speaker__title\" id=\"les-intervenants\"> Les intervenants <\/h2>\n            <div>\n                                                                        <div class=\"speaker__item\">\n                                                    <img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Nikita-Khrouchtchev-.jpg\">\n                                                <div class=\"speaker__item-content\">\n                        <div class=\"t-08\">Nikita Khrouchtchev<\/div>\n                        <div>Dirigeant de l&rsquo;URSS <\/div>\n                        <div class=\"speaker__item-text\">Nikita Khrouchtchev est un homme d\u2019\u00c9tat sovi\u00e9tique, il a dirig\u00e9 pendant 11 ans l\u2019URSS. Il est aussi connu pour avoir lanc\u00e9 le programme spatial russe avec Spoutnik. \r\n<\/div>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                                            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Dans <strong>la nuit du 12 au 13 ao\u00fbt 1961, plus de 40 000 soldats bloquent les points de passage entre les deux Berlin.<\/strong> Les dirigeants de la RDA ordonnent de couler du b\u00e9ton sur la ligne qui s\u00e9pare la ville en deux. Des barbel\u00e9s sont plac\u00e9s pour emp\u00eacher la population de passer. <strong>Au bout d\u2019un mois, le mur n\u2019est pas totalement termin\u00e9 mais il est dor\u00e9navant impossible de passer de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de la ville<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude45<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Le mur de Berlin, tout le monde ne le voit pas de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>\u00c0 l\u2019Ouest, on le qualifie de\u00a0 \u201cmur de la honte\u201d.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Alors qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019Est, on le nomme \u201cmur de protection anti-fasciste\u201d.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>\u00c7a en dit long sur le point de vue de chacun\u2026<!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/xT5LMJDclWGOOOn9xS\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Les soldats en train de construire le mur \"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Allemand\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    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    <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;allemand ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-vie-pendant-le-mur-de-berlin\">La vie pendant le mur de Berlin<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Lorsque le mur de Berlin \u00e9tait en place, les habitants de Berlin-Ouest n\u2019avaient pas la m\u00eame vie que les habitants de Berlin-Est.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour faire simple, \u00e0 <strong>Berlin-Ouest<\/strong>, les gens vivaient normalement comme en France ou aux \u00c9tats-Unis.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En revanche, \u00e0 <strong>Berlin-Est<\/strong>, ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas la m\u00eame limonade. La libert\u00e9 n\u2019est pas totale, pire, les Ossis sont m\u00eame espionn\u00e9s par la police secr\u00e8te : <strong>la Stasi<\/strong>. Ils doivent faire attention \u00e0 ne pas critiquer le r\u00e9gime en place et les conditions de vie ne sont pas confortables comme&nbsp; \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest. \ud83d\ude14<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/JL7ZkACcStPIiEVdGO\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Les services secrets sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s pendant le mur de Berlin \"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none\">\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><strong>La Stasi <\/strong>est le service de police politique, de renseignement, d\u2019espionnage et de contre-espionnage de la RDA.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Si tu souhaites en apprendre plus sur la vie \u00e0 Berlin-Est pendant la guerre froide, on te conseille de regarder le film : <strong>La vie des autres<\/strong>. Ce film (r\u00e9compens\u00e9 par l\u2019Oscar du meilleur film \u00e9tranger &#8211; quand m\u00eame) te montrera comment se passait la vie \u00e0 Berlin-Est et les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9coute, d\u2019espionnage men\u00e9s par la Stasi.<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour fuir ces conditions de vie, ils sont nombreux \u00e0 avoir tent\u00e9 de passer \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest malgr\u00e9 le mur. C\u2019est pourquoi <strong>de nombreuses personnes ont tent\u00e9 d\u2019escalader le mur, souvent au p\u00e9ril de leur vie<\/strong>. Ou alors, ils <strong>ont creus\u00e9 des tunnels<\/strong> \u26cf\ufe0f (Oui, ils ont voulu la jouer comme dans les \u00e9vad\u00e9s.\ud83d\ude05) pour tenter de passer par en-dessous. Certains ont r\u00e9ussi, d\u2019autres non.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udc96 Fun Fact<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Si tu souhaites replonger dans Berlin pendant la guerre froide, tu peux aller au th\u00e9\u00e2tre et regarder la pi\u00e8ce : <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatrefontaine.com\/spectacles\/berlin-berlin\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Berlin Berlin<\/a>. Eux aussi ils creusent un tunnel. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Dans la s\u00e9rie \u00ab\u00a0La v\u00e9ritable histoire\u00a0\u00bb, on te propose de d\u00e9couvrir l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/veritable-histoire-google\/\">histoire de Google<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-contexte-historique-autour-de-la-chute-du-mur-de-berlin\">Le contexte historique autour de la chute du mur de Berlin \ud83e\uddf1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>S&rsquo;il y a bien une d\u00e9cennie qui a achev\u00e9 les r\u00eaves de l&rsquo;URSS, c&rsquo;est bien celle des ann\u00e9es 80. <strong>Une succession d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements et incidents ont conduit \u00e0 la chute du mur de Berlin et finalement \u00e0 la dissolution de l&rsquo;URSS<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le nouveau dirigeant du bloc de l\u2019Est, <strong>Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev<\/strong>, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse de ses pr\u00e9d\u00e9cesseurs, d\u00e9cide de r\u00e9former son pays et de l\u2019ouvrir davantage au monde. Il va les caract\u00e9riser par ses deux mots : <strong>Glasnost et Perestro\u00efka<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><strong>Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev <\/strong>est un homme d\u2019\u00c9tat sovi\u00e9tique, le dernier dirigeant de l\u2019URSS. Il a\u00a0 tent\u00e9 de r\u00e9former son pays et de l\u2019ouvrir au monde gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et sociales :\u00a0 <strong>Le terme \u201cGlasnost\u201d<\/strong> d\u00e9signe une politique de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et de publication d\u2019information en URSS.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><strong>La \u201cPerestro\u00efka\u201d<\/strong> est le nom donn\u00e9 aux r\u00e9formes \u00e9conomiques et sociales men\u00e9es par Mikha\u00efl Gorbatchev en URSS.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li>Il est \u00e9lu prix Nobel de la paix en 1990.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais ce n\u2019est pas tout, de <strong>nombreux mouvements contestataires ont lieu dans les diff\u00e9rents pays du bloc de l\u2019Est <\/strong>(oui, la r\u00e9bellion commence). C\u2019est pourquoi, avant la chute du mur, <strong>de nombreux Allemands de l\u2019Est se rendaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest en passant par la Hongrie<\/strong>. \ud83c\udded\ud83c\uddfa (Elle avait d\u00e9cid\u00e9 de ne plus fermer ses fronti\u00e8res.) Tous ces \u00e9v\u00e9nements ont men\u00e9 \u00e0 la chute du mur de Berlin.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>L\u2019<strong>incident \u00e0 la centrale nucl\u00e9aire de Tchernobyl<\/strong> a aussi \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment d\u00e9clencheur du\u00a0 processus d\u2019effondrement de l\u2019URSS.<\/p>\n<p>En avril 1986, le monde entier apprend l\u2019existence de l\u2019accident parce que la Su\u00e8de d\u00e9tecte des radiations anormales. L\u2019URSS est <strong>accus\u00e9e de vouloir cacher l\u2019incident et les cons\u00e9quences<\/strong> qu\u2019il peut avoir alors qu\u2019elle\u00a0 disait avoir une politique de libert\u00e9 d\u2019information (<em>Perestro\u00efka<\/em>).<\/p>\n<p>Pour en apprendre plus sur cet incident, tu peux regarder la mini-s\u00e9rie : Chernobyl. \u00c9lue meilleure mini-s\u00e9rie de l\u2019ann\u00e9e 2020 aux Golden Globes.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-evenements-du-9-et-du-10-novembre-1989\">Les \u00e9v\u00e9nements du 9 et du 10 novembre 1989<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 des manifestations toujours plus importantes et une fuite massive de la population vers l\u2019Allemagne de l\u2019Ouest, les dirigeants de Berlin-Est prennent des d\u00e9cisions.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, le <strong>9 novembre 1989<\/strong>, <strong>G\u00fcnter Schabowski <\/strong>annonce lors d\u2019une conf\u00e9rence de presse retransmise \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision et \u00e0 une heure de grande \u00e9coute (vers 19h) que <strong>les citoyens de la RDA vont pouvoir se rendre \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest<\/strong>. (All\u00e9luia !\ud83e\udd29)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 D\u00e9finition<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul><!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><strong>RFA :<\/strong> la R\u00e9publique F\u00e9d\u00e9rale d\u2019Allemagne d\u00e9signe la partie occidentale du pays ainsi que l\u2019Ouest de la ville de Berlin. Elle est sous la tutelle de deux pays d\u2019Europe (la France et le Royaume-Uni) ainsi que des \u00c9tats-Unis de 1949 \u00e0 1990.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --> <!-- wp:list-item --><\/p>\n<li><strong>RDA :<\/strong> la R\u00e9publique D\u00e9mocratique d\u2019Allemagne d\u00e9signe la partie orientale du pays. Elle est dirig\u00e9e par les Sovi\u00e9tiques de 1949 \u00e0 1990.<\/li>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list-item --><\/ul>\n<p><!-- \/wp:list --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Un journaliste italien, du nom de Ricardo Ehrman, lui demande \u00e0 partir de quand ce sera possible. On lui r\u00e9pond cette phrase devenue c\u00e9l\u00e8bre :&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Autant que je sache &#8211; <span style=\"color: #800000\">imm\u00e9diatement<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">G\u00fcnter Schabowski<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Homme politique allemand<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette annonce inattendue provoque alors<strong> l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de milliers de Berlinois de l\u2019Est (on les appelle aussi les Ossis) aux points de passage pour aller vers Berlin-Ouest<\/strong>. Cependant, les responsables des points de contr\u00f4le n\u2019avaient pas \u00e9t\u00e9 pr\u00e9venus de cette annonce. (Twitter and co n\u2019existaient pas \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 cette situation, la foule entame des c\u00e9l\u00e9brations et monte sur le mur pour le dominer. Dans la soir\u00e9e, apr\u00e8s des r\u00e9clamations, les barri\u00e8res sont lev\u00e9es pour permettre aux habitants de franchir le mur. La porte <strong>Bornholmer Strass<\/strong> est la premi\u00e8re \u00e0 s\u2019ouvrir. C\u2019est <strong>20 000 personnes qui se rendent \u00e0 l\u2019Ouest dans la soir\u00e9e depuis ce point de passage<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le checkpoint Charlie ouvre lui aussi ses barri\u00e8res dans la nuit du 9 au 10 novembre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour info<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le <strong>checkpoint Charlie<\/strong> est l\u2019un des points de passage les plus connus de Berlin. Pourquoi ? Pendant la cr\u00e9ation du mur, le 27 octobre 1961, des chars des deux camps s&rsquo;y sont fait face durant plus de 16 heures. (C\u2019est vrai que dit comme \u00e7a, ce n&rsquo;est rien du tout.) La tension \u00e9tait \u00e0 son comble.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"645\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/checkpoint-Charlie.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1000&amp;h=645\" alt=\"mur de Berlin \" class=\"wp-image-252695\" style=\"width:602px;height:387px\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/checkpoint-Charlie.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1000 1000w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/checkpoint-Charlie.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Le Checkpoint Charlie <\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udc96 Fun Fact<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>L&rsquo;une des premi\u00e8res choses que les Ossis ont achet\u00e9 en passant \u00e0 Berlin Ouest, ce sont <strong>des bananes<\/strong> \ud83c\udf4c car elles \u00e9taient quasiment absentes des rayons des commerces dans la partie Est. Or, les Allemands sont les plus grands consommateurs de bananes en Europe.<\/p>\n<p>C&rsquo;\u00e9tait un peu <strong>le symbole de tout ce qui manquait<\/strong> dans l&rsquo;Allemagne de l&rsquo;Est. Cette question de la banane \u00e9tait si importante qu&rsquo;\u00e0 l&rsquo;\u00e9poque, dans les journaux, un dessin humoristique montrait un Allemand de l\u2019Est passant sur le mur en ruines en brandissant une banane et s\u2019\u00e9criant \u00ab\u00a0enfin libres\u00a0\u00bb. Une parodie de \u00ab\u00a0La libert\u00e9 guidant le peuple\u00a0\u00bb avec une banane \u00e0 la place du drapeau fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/VwHZ2F2e99hde\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Ils ont bien escalad\u00e9s le mur lorsqu'il est tomb\u00e9 \"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Les berlinois qui veulent franchir le mur <\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Les festivit\u00e9s durent toute la nuit et continuent le lendemain. Dans la journ\u00e9e du 10 novembre, tous les points de passage reliant Berlin-Est et Berlin-Ouest sont ouverts<\/strong>. Les images font le tour du monde. Pour immortaliser la chute du mur de Berlin, les habitants commencent m\u00eame <strong>\u00e0 d\u00e9truire certaines parties du mur.<\/strong> (On peut dire qu\u2019ils ne perdent pas de temps.)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"276\" height=\"183\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/chute-du-mur-de-Berlin.jpeg?func=bound&amp;w=276&amp;h=183\" alt=\"mur de Berlin \" class=\"wp-image-252696\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">\u00c0 la main, \u00e7a risque d&rsquo;\u00eatre un peu long \ud83d\ude42<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udc96 Fun Fact<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le 11 novembre 1989, pour c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la chute du mur de Berlin, le violoncelliste Mstislav Rostropovich joue plusieurs compositions de Bach au pied du mur.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube\"><div style=\"display: contents;\" >\n\n<div data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube--y0x1zt5pcm\" class=\"arve\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div style=\"aspect-ratio:4\/3\" class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:75.000000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &apos;none&apos;;autoplay &apos;none&apos;;bluetooth &apos;none&apos;;browsing-topics &apos;none&apos;;camera &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-read &apos;none&apos;;clipboard-write;display-capture &apos;none&apos;;encrypted-media &apos;none&apos;;gamepad &apos;none&apos;;geolocation &apos;none&apos;;gyroscope &apos;none&apos;;hid &apos;none&apos;;identity-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;idle-detection &apos;none&apos;;keyboard-map &apos;none&apos;;local-fonts;magnetometer &apos;none&apos;;microphone &apos;none&apos;;midi &apos;none&apos;;otp-credentials &apos;none&apos;;payment &apos;none&apos;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &apos;none&apos;;publickey-credentials-get &apos;none&apos;;screen-wake-lock &apos;none&apos;;serial &apos;none&apos;;summarizer &apos;none&apos;;sync-xhr;usb &apos;none&apos;;web-share;window-management &apos;none&apos;;xr-spatial-tracking &apos;none&apos;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube--y0x1zt5pcm\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/-Y0x1zt5PcM?feature=oembed&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fsherpas.com&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"0\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/-Y0x1zt5PcM?feature=oembed&#038;enablejsapi=1&#038;origin=https%3A%2F%2Fsherpas.com&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0\" title=\"\" width=\"0\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sherpas.com\\\/blog\\\/histoire-mur-de-berlin\\\/#arve-youtube--y0x1zt5pcm\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/-Y0x1zt5PcM?feature=oembed&enablejsapi=1&origin=https%3A%2F%2Fsherpas.com&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0\"}<\/script>\n\t\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quiz-sur-le-mur-de-berlin\">Quiz sur le mur de Berlin&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div><div class='op-interactive' id='66a79ff307a360e652215d84' data-title='Quiz : incollable sur les pays du monde ? Voyons-\u00e7a tout de suite !' data-url='https:\/\/lessherpas.outgrow.us\/66a79ff307a360e652215d84?vHeight=1' data-width='100%'><\/div><script>var og_temp=document.createElement('script');og_temp.async=true;og_temp.defer=true;og_temp.src='\/\/dyv6f9ner1ir9.cloudfront.net\/assets\/js\/nloader.js',og_temp.onload=function(){initIframe('66a79ff307a360e652215d84')},document.querySelector('head').appendChild(og_temp)<\/script><\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;252657&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;34&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.6&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.6\\\/5 - (34 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La v\u00e9ritable histoire du mur de Berlin \ud83e\uddf1&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;130.9&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 130.9px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.6\/5 - (34 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Le mur le plus \u00ab\u00a0famous\u00a0\u00bb de l\u2019histoire est tomb\u00e9 le 9 novembre 1989. Quel mur ? Le mur (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":252693,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[761,337,746,79],"class_list":["post-252657","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-allemagne","tag-europe","tag-la-veritable-histoire","tag-lycee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252657","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=252657"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/252657\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/252693"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=252657"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=252657"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=252657"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}