{"id":238532,"date":"2026-01-20T11:23:31","date_gmt":"2026-01-20T10:23:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=238532"},"modified":"2026-01-20T12:27:08","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T11:27:08","slug":"les-essais-de-montaigne-resume","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-essais-de-montaigne-resume\/","title":{"rendered":"Fiche de lecture : Montaigne, Les Essais \ud83d\udcda"},"content":{"rendered":"<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u00c0 retenir<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans <em><strong>Les Essais<\/strong><\/em>, <strong>Montaigne s&rsquo;\u00e9tudie lui-m\u00eame pour comprendre l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain<\/strong>. Il part de son exp\u00e9rience personnelle pour aborder des questions universelles.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>L&rsquo;\u0153uvre traite de <strong>nombreux sujets comme l&rsquo;amiti\u00e9, l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation, la mort ou le voyage<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li>L&rsquo;auteur <strong>remet en question les certitudes<\/strong> de son \u00e9poque.<\/li>\n<li>C&rsquo;est <strong>un texte majeur de l&rsquo;humanisme qui place l&rsquo;homme au centre de la r\u00e9flexion<\/strong>. Il pr\u00f4ne l&rsquo;ouverture d&rsquo;esprit et la connaissance de soi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><em>Les Essais<\/em> de Montaigne sont un classique des cours de fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>. Mais c&rsquo;est <strong>une \u0153uvre dense<\/strong>, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;auteur <strong>analyse l&rsquo;\u00eatre humain<\/strong> sous toutes ses coutures, de ses relations aux autres jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 ses propres d\u00e9fauts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 <strong>comprendre l&rsquo;essentiel sans te perdre<\/strong>, on a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 cette fiche de lecture. Tu y trouveras le contexte de l&rsquo;\u0153uvre, la d\u00e9marche de Montaigne et les passages importants \u00e0 retenir. C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre notre r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-fables-de-jean-de-la-fontaine\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fables de Jean de La Fontaine<\/a> ! \ud83e\udd8a<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"une-oeuvre-un-contexte\">Une \u0153uvre, un contexte<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qui-est-michel-eyquem-de-montaigne\">Qui est Michel Eyquem de Montaigne ? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"250\" height=\"250\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/07\/michel-de-montaigne.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-238640\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\"><em>Quand ton prof te regarde mal en cours<\/em><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\">\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Michel_de_Montaigne\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Michel de Montaigne<\/a> <strong>(1533-1592)<\/strong> est un \u00e9crivain fran\u00e7ais du <strong>XVI\u1d49 si\u00e8cle,<\/strong> h\u00e9ritier du <strong>courant litt\u00e9raire de l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/humanisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"260857\">humanisme<\/a>.<\/strong> Il vient d\u2019une noble famille bordelaise. Il a consacr\u00e9 plus de <strong>30 ans<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9criture de son seul et unique ouvrage : <strong><em>Les Essais<\/em> (1580)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Montaigne n\u2019est pas un \u00e9crivain comme les autres, puisqu\u2019il appartient \u00e0 la famille des <strong>humanistes<\/strong> tels que <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rabelais\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"270068\">Rabelais<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fran%C3%A7ois_Rabelais\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">,<\/a> Ronsard ou encore <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/machiavel\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"258967\">Machiavel<\/a><\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 Retrouve notre fiche r\u00e9sum\u00e9e sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-amours-de-ronsard\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Les Amours<\/em> de Ronsard<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Qu&rsquo;est-ce que l\u2019humanisme ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un <strong>courant litt\u00e9raire et artistique<\/strong> n\u00e9 en <strong>Italie <\/strong>avec le po\u00e8te P\u00e9trarque. L\u2019humanisme place au c\u0153ur de son analyse l\u2019<strong>\u00e9tude des hommes<\/strong>. Mais avant de s\u2019int\u00e9resser \u00e0 la <strong>condition humaine<\/strong>, \u00eatre un humaniste, c\u2019est d\u2019abord s&rsquo;int\u00e9resser aux disciplines savantes (philosophie, histoire, langues anciennes, sciences).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Les grands th\u00e8mes de l\u2019humanisme :<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Les textes grecs et latin de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 L\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La d\u00e9couverte du monde et d\u2019autres cultures<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La religion<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La foi en l\u2019homme<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Montaigne milite aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Anciens, dont il pr\u00f4ne l\u2019imitation, dans <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/querelle-anciens-modernes\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"265459\">la querelle qui les opposent aux Modernes<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les Anciens :<\/strong> ils soutiennent l\u2019importance de l\u2019h\u00e9ritage de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 dans la cr\u00e9ation litt\u00e9raire.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les Modernes :<\/strong> ils pensent que l\u2019on peut rivaliser avec les auteurs anciens. Ils militent pour un renouvellement de la cr\u00e9ation artistique.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-contexte-decriture-des-essais-de-montaigne\">Le contexte d\u2019\u00e9criture des Essais de Montaigne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tout bon \u00e9crivain humaniste qui se respecte, Montaigne est un \u00e9crivain de la <strong>Renaissance !<\/strong>\u00a0Eh oui, il n\u2019y a s\u00fbrement pas meilleure p\u00e9riode pour \u00eatre un \u00e9crivain humaniste que la Renaissance.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Il se passe quoi d\u00e9j\u00e0 au XVIe si\u00e8cle ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><b>Les guerres de religion <\/b> avec le massacre de la Saint-Barth\u00e9l\u00e9my en France.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <b>Naissance de l\u2019humanisme,<\/b> soit d\u2019une remise en question des id\u00e9es scientifiques et philosophiques admises jusque-l\u00e0.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <b>Remise en question des institutions dominantes au Moyen-\u00c2ge<\/b> (religion et clerg\u00e9)<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<b> Renaissance artistique <\/b>(inspiration des \u0153uvres d\u2019art de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9 gr\u00e9co-latine)<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<b> R\u00e9forme religieuse : apparition du protestantisme <\/b>qui s\u00e9pare la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 de l\u2019Europe Occidentale en deux confessions.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Tu peux aussi en apprendre davantage gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 notre article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/edit-nantes\/\">l&rsquo;\u00e9dit de Nantes<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CMP1 Fran\u00e7ais\" 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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div 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  class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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  class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> de fran\u00e7ais ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-fiche-technique-des-essais-de-montaigne\">La fiche technique des Essais de Montaigne<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que tu sais tout de Michel de Montaigne et du contexte historique durant lequel il a \u00e9crit son ouvrage, il est temps de rentrer dans le vif du sujet en te plongeant au c\u0153ur des <em>Essais<\/em> !\u00a0<strong>Au programme ? 3 livres structur\u00e9s autour de 107 chapitres<\/strong>, abordant des th\u00e9matiques toutes plus vari\u00e9es les unes que les autres. De quoi nous occuper un moment !\u00a0\ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong>\u0152uvre totalement novatrice pour son \u00e9poque<\/strong>, Montaigne r\u00e9sume son projet avec une simple question :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>Que sais-je<\/strong><\/span>, moi, Michel Eyquem de Montaigne ?<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\"><\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 travers cette citation, Montaigne cherche surtout \u00e0 \u00e9lucider le myst\u00e8re suivant :<em>\u201cQu\u2019est-ce que l\u2019Homme ?\u201d<\/em> Et pour y r\u00e9pondre, il d\u00e9cide de puiser dans ses propres exp\u00e9riences.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Je suis <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>moi-m\u00eame<\/strong><\/span> la mati\u00e8re de mon livre<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 C\u2019est quoi un essai ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Nouveau genre argumentatif m\u00ealant exp\u00e9rience personnelle, exemples historiques ou encore r\u00e9flexions psychologiques, un essai est une \u0153uvre de r\u00e9flexion portant sur des sujets divers et vari\u00e9s. V\u00e9ritable exercice de jugement, un essai est g\u00e9n\u00e9ralement le fruit des r\u00e9flexions personnelles de l\u2019auteur. C\u2019est pourquoi, tu peux remarquer que Montaigne utilise souvent le \u201cJe\u201d au cours de son ouvrage.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Le livre I (57 chapitres) <\/strong>qui correspond \u00e0 la premi\u00e8re \u00e9dition des <em>Essais<\/em>, traite de la mort, l\u2019amiti\u00e9, l\u2019\u00e9ducation ou encore la solitude.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Le livre II (37 chapitres)<\/strong> est surtout centr\u00e9 sur la personnalit\u00e9 de Montaigne, puisqu&rsquo;il fait la peinture de ses propres sentiments.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Le livre III, publi\u00e9 en 1588<\/strong>, 8 ans apr\u00e8s les deux premiers livres. Cette seconde \u00e9dition approfondit la r\u00e9flexion et parle + en d\u00e9tail des voyages de l\u2019auteur.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-essais-de-montaigne-resume-par-chapitre\">Les Essais de Montaigne r\u00e9sum\u00e9 par chapitre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Synth\u00e9tiser <em>Les Essais<\/em> ?<\/strong> Mission quasiment impossible ! Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un recueil de r\u00e9flexions en prose, organis\u00e9es en chapitres th\u00e9matiques, mais qui n\u2019ont pas forc\u00e9ment de rapport les uns avec les autres. Il n\u2019y a pas d\u2019histoire qui sert de fil conducteur. En revanche, on t\u2019a quand m\u00eame pr\u00e9par\u00e9 un petit r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des diff\u00e9rents chapitres embl\u00e9matiques de l\u2019ouvrage de Montaigne. En prime, tu as m\u00eame droit aux meilleures citations de Michel de Montaigne ! <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Livre I \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Chapitre 8 \u201cDe l\u2019oisivet\u00e9\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans ce texte, Montaigne montre que ne rien faire, finalement, c&rsquo;est pas si mal ! Eh oui, il consid\u00e8re que c\u2019est dans les moments de solitude et d\u2019oisivet\u00e9 que l\u2019homme est enfin lui-m\u00eame et qu\u2019il peut se poser les bonnes questions.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Chapitre 27 : \u201cDe l\u2019amiti\u00e9\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Ici, l\u2019auteur fait l\u2019\u00e9loge de l\u2019amiti\u00e9 en d\u00e9crivant la relation parfaite qu\u2019il avait avec La Bo\u00e9tie. Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une amiti\u00e9 d\u2019autant plus rare qu\u2019elle est r\u00e9ciproque.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Livre II \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Chapitre 17 : De la pr\u00e9somption<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans ce texte, Montaigne dresse son autoportrait avec un regard lucide, parfois s\u00e9v\u00e8re ou amus\u00e9, montrant qu\u2019il ne se prend pas au s\u00e9rieux.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Chapitre 10 : Des livres<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u00c0 la lecture de ce texte, tu comprends tout de suite pourquoi Montaigne milite aux c\u00f4t\u00e9s des Anciens. Et pour cause, Montaigne pr\u00e9sente dans cet essai son go\u00fbt pour la litt\u00e9rature antique. Il montre clairement qu\u2019il n\u2019est pas fan de la litt\u00e9rature contemporaine.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Livre III \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Chapitre 9 : De la vanit\u00e9\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Le titre de ce texte peut pr\u00eater \u00e0 confusion, car ici il est question des voyages de Montaigne, et non de d\u00e9peindre un d\u00e9faut propre aux hommes. \u00c0 travers l\u2019exemple des courtisans et des voyageurs, Montaigne pose le probl\u00e8me de la peur de l\u2019autre et du racisme. Il fait, au contraire, l\u2019apologie de la diversit\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Chapitre 13 : De l\u2019exp\u00e9rience<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Dans ce tout dernier texte, Montaigne oppose l\u2019exp\u00e9rience v\u00e9cue \u00e0 la connaissance acquise dans les livres.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPN1 Lyc\u00e9e\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Louise2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Louise<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Mines ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Lyc\u00e9en en gal\u00e8re ? Ton premier cours est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-themes-abordes-dans-les-essais\">Les th\u00e8mes abord\u00e9s dans les Essais&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La m\u00e9decine, les arts, les livres, les relations humaines, en passant par les chevaux, la maladie, la mort, dur de te faire un r\u00e9sum\u00e9 des principales th\u00e9matiques abord\u00e9es par Montaigne, tant elles sont nombreuses ! Montaigne a pos\u00e9 sur papier tout ce qui lui passait par l\u2019esprit !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-mort\">La mort<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Certainement pas le th\u00e8me le plus joyeux, tu en conviendras, mais celui-ci est bien pr\u00e9sent au cours des 3 livres. Si tu ne savais pas, Montaigne a \u00e9t\u00e9 confront\u00e9 au deuil tr\u00e8s jeune puisque c\u2019est en 1563 qu\u2019il est frapp\u00e9 de plein fouet par la mort pr\u00e9matur\u00e9e de son ami <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%C3%89tienne_de_La_Bo%C3%A9tie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Etienne de La Bo\u00e9tie,<\/a> \u00e9crivain et magistrat, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e2ge de 33 ans.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Inspir\u00e9 mais aussi critique \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du sto\u00efcisme, Montaigne refuse une obsession de la mort et insiste davantage sur l\u2019art de bien vivre.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Envie de d\u00e9couvrir la plume de la Bo\u00e9tie ? Son ouvrage <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/discours-de-la-servitude-volontaire\/\"><em>Discours de la servitude volontaire<\/em><\/a> est au programme du <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/reussir-le-bac-de-francais\/\">bac de fran\u00e7ais<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Si nous avons su <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>vivre<\/strong><\/span> constamment et tranquillement, nous saurons <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>mourir<\/strong><\/span> de m\u00eame<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lamitie\">L\u2019amiti\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Qui de mieux plac\u00e9 que Montaigne pour parler de l\u2019amiti\u00e9 ? L\u2019auteur cultive l&rsquo;ambigu\u00eft\u00e9 en utilisant le vocabulaire amoureux pour parler de l\u2019amiti\u00e9. Ce n\u2019est pas sans rappeler la relation qu\u2019il entretenait avec La Bo\u00e9tie. Entre amour ou amiti\u00e9, on ne sait pas exactement ce qu\u2019il y avait entre ces deux-l\u00e0, mais ce qui est s\u00fbr, c&rsquo;est que c\u2019\u00e9tait tr\u00e8s fort ! \ud83d\ude0c<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Parce que <span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong>c\u2019\u00e9tait lui<\/strong><\/span>, parce que <strong><span style=\"color: #008000\">c\u2019\u00e9tait moi.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-animaux\">Les animaux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Montaigne serait-il un d\u00e9fenseur des animaux avant l\u2019heure ? Possible, quand on voit la posture qu\u2019il endosse pour parler des animaux. \u00c0 contre-courant d\u2019un philosophe comme <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rene-descartes\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"268196\">Descartes<\/a> qui estime que les animaux n\u2019ont aucune conscience<em>(<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/cogito-descartes\/\">\u201cJe pense donc je suis\u201d<\/a>)<\/em>, Montaigne pense que si l\u2019humain se place au-dessus des animaux, c\u2019est qu\u2019il est trop pr\u00e9tentieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Dans le chapitre \u201cApologie de Raymond Sebond\u201d, Montaigne utilise plusieurs exemples qui remettent totalement en question l\u2019id\u00e9e de sup\u00e9riorit\u00e9 de l\u2019homme sur l\u2019animal.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"leducation\">L\u2019\u00e9ducation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme \u00e0 son habitude, Montaigne fait preuve d\u2019une grande modernit\u00e9 dans ses propos, notamment en termes d\u2019\u00e9ducation. Il critique la verticalit\u00e9 de l\u2019enseignement, qui rend l\u2019enfant passif. Il indique qu\u2019il faut privil\u00e9gier la qualit\u00e9 de l\u2019enseignement plut\u00f4t que la qualit\u00e9.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-cannibales\">Les cannibales<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Montaigne est l\u2019un des premiers auteurs europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 porter un regard non m\u00e9prisant sur d\u2019autres cultures. Contrairement aux id\u00e9es largement r\u00e9pandues aux XVI\u1d49 si\u00e8cle selon lesquelles, les europ\u00e9ens sont les peuples ayant la culture la plus civilis\u00e9e, Montaigne pense qu\u2019il s\u2019agit en r\u00e9alit\u00e9 d\u2019une culture de barbares avides d\u2019expansion. C\u2019est pourquoi, il s\u2019amuse \u00e0 comparer les peuples \u201ccannibales\u201d aux Europ\u00e9ens.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Nous les pouvons donc bien appeler<span style=\"color: #008000\"><strong> barbares<\/strong><\/span>, eu \u00e9gard aux r\u00e8gles de la raison, mais non pas eu \u00e9gard \u00e0 nous, qui les surpassons en toutes sortes de barbarie.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Les Lettres persanes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans \u00ab Des Cannibales \u00bb, Montaigne remet en cause l\u2019ethnocentrisme europ\u00e9en en montrant que chaque soci\u00e9t\u00e9 juge selon ses propres normes. Ce proc\u00e9d\u00e9 de d\u00e9centrement sera repris au XVIII\u1d49 si\u00e8cle par Montesquieu dans les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-lettres-persanes-analyse\/\"><em data-start=\"1520\" data-end=\"1538\">Lettres persanes<\/em><\/a>, o\u00f9 des voyageurs \u00e9trangers observent la France pour en r\u00e9v\u00e9ler les contradictions. Dans les deux \u0153uvres, l\u2019alt\u00e9rit\u00e9 sert surtout \u00e0 critiquer sa propre soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-corps-humain\">Le corps humain<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9videmment, \u00e9tant donn\u00e9 que l\u2019homme est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019ouvrage de Montaigne, toutes les dimensions de l\u2019homme l&rsquo;int\u00e9ressent. C\u2019est pourquoi Montaigne accorde une large place au corps. Il conseille \u00e0 chacun de conna\u00eetre son corps, puisque c\u2019est un compagnon de vie auquel nous ne pouvons pas \u00e9chapper.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>C\u2019est une<strong><span style=\"color: #008000\"> absolue perfection<\/span><\/strong>, et comme divine, de savoir jouir loyalement de son <strong><span style=\"color: #008000\">\u00eatre.<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Michel de Montaigne<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\"><\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pour-conclure\">Pour conclure<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0, tu as maintenant toutes les cl\u00e9s en main pour comprendre\u00a0<strong><em>Les Essais<\/em><\/strong>\u00a0de Montaigne ! On esp\u00e8re que ce r\u00e9sum\u00e9 t&rsquo;a aid\u00e9 \u00e0 y voir plus clair dans cette \u0153uvre immense.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si l&rsquo;Humanisme et la r\u00e9flexion sur l&rsquo;homme t&rsquo;int\u00e9ressent, ne t&rsquo;arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 : des auteurs comme <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/rabelais\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"270068\">Rabelais<\/a> ou La Bo\u00e9tie devraient aussi te plaire. \u00c0 bient\u00f4t pour une prochaine fiche ! \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 D\u00e9couvre le r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/resume-de-gargantua\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gargantua de Rabelais<\/a> ! \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"faq\">\n    <div class=\"container\" itemscope itemtype=\"http:\/\/schema.org\/FAQPage\">\n        <div class=\"faq__title\">\n                        <h2 id=\"les-questions-frequentes\">Les questions fr\u00e9quentes<\/h2>\n                    <\/div>\n         <div class=\"faq__questions\">\n                                                                             <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">C&rsquo;est quoi au juste, Les Essais de Montaigne ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>C&rsquo;est l&rsquo;unique livre de Michel de Montaigne, publi\u00e9 \u00e0 partir de 1580. Il cr\u00e9e un nouveau genre, l&rsquo;essai, pour r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir \u00e0 la condition humaine. \u00c0 travers 107 chapitres, il se sert de sa propre vie pour analyser des th\u00e8mes comme l&rsquo;amiti\u00e9 ou l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">On dit que Montaigne est un humaniste, \u00e7a veut dire quoi ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Un humaniste du XVIe si\u00e8cle place l&rsquo;Homme au centre de sa r\u00e9flexion, au lieu de la religion. Ce courant litt\u00e9raire, avec des auteurs comme Rabelais, red\u00e9couvre les textes de l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9. Montaigne questionne ainsi les id\u00e9es admises sur des sujets comme l&rsquo;\u00e9ducation ou la culture.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">Pourquoi Montaigne parle autant de lui dans son livre ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Montaigne part de son exp\u00e9rience personnelle pour comprendre la nature humaine dans son ensemble. Il r\u00e9pond \u00e0 la question \u00ab\u00a0Qu&rsquo;est-ce que l&rsquo;Homme ?\u00a0\u00bb avec sa propre vie comme sujet d&rsquo;\u00e9tude. Sa c\u00e9l\u00e8bre phrase le r\u00e9sume : \u00ab\u00a0Je suis moi-m\u00eame la mati\u00e8re de mon livre\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                                                 <div class=\"faq__questions--item \" itemscope itemprop=\"mainEntity\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Question\">\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--title  collapsed\">\n                    <p class=\"h4\" itemprop=\"name\">C&rsquo;est vrai que Montaigne d\u00e9fend les cannibales ?<\/p>\n                    <svg>\n                        <use\n                        xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#chevron-right\"\/>\n                    <\/svg>\n                <\/div>\n                <div class=\"faq__questions--content\" style=\"max-height: 0px\" itemscope itemprop=\"acceptedAnswer\" itemtype=\"https:\/\/schema.org\/Answer\">\n                    <div itemprop=\"text\"><p>Oui, Montaigne inverse le point de vue sur la \u00ab\u00a0barbarie\u00a0\u00bb au XVIe si\u00e8cle. Il compare les pratiques des peuples dits \u00ab\u00a0cannibales\u00a0\u00bb avec la violence des Europ\u00e9ens durant les guerres de religion. Il affirme que les Europ\u00e9ens surpassent ces peuples \u00ab\u00a0en toutes sortes de barbarie\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                <\/div>\n             <\/div>\n                                <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;238532&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;74&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.1&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.1\\\/5 - (74 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Fiche de lecture : Montaigne, Les Essais \ud83d\udcda&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;116.4&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 116.4px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.1\/5 - (74 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Les Essais de Montaigne sont un classique des cours de fran\u00e7ais. Mais c&rsquo;est une \u0153uvre dense, o\u00f9 l&rsquo;auteur (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":238538,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,806],"tag":[565],"class_list":["post-238532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-lettres","tag-fiche-de-lecture"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=238532"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/238532\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/238538"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=238532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=238532"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=238532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}