{"id":234596,"date":"2022-06-23T10:36:53","date_gmt":"2022-06-23T08:36:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=234596"},"modified":"2025-01-09T10:11:56","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T09:11:56","slug":"lenvironnement-entre-exploitation-et-protection","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lenvironnement-entre-exploitation-et-protection\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019environnement, entre exploitation et protection : la question du nucl\u00e9aire"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>De nos jours, les questions environnementales sont <strong>de v\u00e9ritables sujets de pr\u00e9occupation politique.<\/strong> M\u00eame si la plupart des m\u00e9dias traditionnels ne font pas toute la lumi\u00e8re sur les dangers li\u00e9s au changement climatique, la protection de l\u2019environnement reste <strong>un sujet mineur dans le cadre de la g\u00e9opolitique traditionnelle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire semble apporter une solution \u00e0<strong> la probl\u00e9matique de la d\u00e9carbonisation <\/strong>de nos \u00e9conomies, mais cette r\u00e9ponse n\u2019est que partielle en raison des risques li\u00e9s \u00e0 la gestion des d\u00e9chets et du danger que repr\u00e9sentent les centrales en elles-m\u00eames.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans cet article, on tente de comprendre <strong>l&#8217;enjeu du nucl\u00e9air<\/strong>e face \u00e0 la question environnementale. C\u2019est parti ! \ud83d\udc4a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La cause environnementale au c\u0153ur des relations internationales \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>La <span style=\"color: #339966\">catastrophe<\/span> <span style=\"color: #339966\">climatique<\/span> frappe <span style=\"color: #339966\">toujours<\/span> \u00e0 la porte<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Antonio Guterres <\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est ce qu\u2019expliquait le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral de l\u2019ONU, \u00e0 l\u2019ouverture de la COP26 de Glasgow en 2021. Aujourd\u2019hui,<strong> il est ind\u00e9niable que le changement climatique est li\u00e9 aux concentrations dans l\u2019atmosph\u00e8re de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre<\/strong> (GES).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/sixth-assessment-report-cycle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> le dernier rapport du GIEC<\/a>, lors des 40 derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es, l<strong>\u2019activit\u00e9 humaine est responsable \u00e0 hauteur de 78 % de la hausse des \u00e9missions de GES<\/strong>, la faute revient \u00e0 l\u2019industrialisation croissante de nos \u00e9conomies. Sur cette m\u00eame p\u00e9riode, les auteurs du rapport observent \u00e9galement un r\u00e9chauffement du climat qui s\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e8re depuis les ann\u00e9es 1970.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Les probl\u00e8mes environnementaux n\u2019ont pas de fronti\u00e8res, leur gestion d\u00e9passe largement le cadre \u00e9tatique. Le climat est donc un <strong>sujet politique incontournable<\/strong>. Le monde est confront\u00e9 \u00e0 des enjeux sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent, \u00e0 la fois pour les \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes, mais aussi pour nos soci\u00e9t\u00e9s humaines.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le r\u00e9veil politique sur la question est survenu dans les ann\u00e9es 70<\/strong>, il se traduit aujourd\u2019hui par la recherche de solutions au travers de coop\u00e9rations internationales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection : la prise de conscience \ud83d\ude28<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1972 en Su\u00e8de, s\u2019est tenue<strong> la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur l&#8217;environnement.<\/strong> \u00c0 cette occasion, les pays participants ont adopt\u00e9 une s\u00e9rie de principes pour une gestion \u00e9cologique et rationnelle de l&#8217;environnement : c\u2019est la <strong>D\u00e9claration de Stockholm<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Elle place les questions \u00e9cologiques au rang des pr\u00e9occupations internationales et marque le d\u00e9but d&#8217;une r\u00e9flexion sur le lien qui existe entre la croissance \u00e9conomique et la pollution.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Vingt ans plus tard, en 1992, se tient <strong>la Conf\u00e9rence des Nations Unies sur l&#8217;environnement et le d\u00e9veloppement<\/strong> \u00e0 Rio de Janeiro. Les participants ont adopt\u00e9 une d\u00e9claration qui reconnait enfin de <strong>la responsabilit\u00e9 des pays riches dans le changement climatique <\/strong>: c\u2019est la cr\u00e9ation de <strong>la Convention-cadre des Nations unies sur les changements climatiques<\/strong> (CCNUC)&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lors de cette conf\u00e9rence, on d\u00e9finit \u00e9galement les <strong>grands principes de la lutte <\/strong>contre le changement climatique<strong> <\/strong>:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le principe de pollueur-payeur <\/strong>: c\u2019est le d\u00e9but des taxes carbones<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le principe de pr\u00e9caution <\/strong>: les \u00e9tats doivent pr\u00e9venir leurs voisins de tous \u00e9v\u00e9nements qui aurait un impact transfrontalier sur l\u2019environnement (feux de for\u00eat, mar\u00e9e noire, risque chimique\u2026)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>C\u2019est de cette Convention-cadre qu\u2019est n\u00e9e la COP, \u00ab<strong> la conf\u00e9rence des parties <\/strong>\u00bb, d\u00e9signant les pays membres qui ont adopt\u00e9 la CCNUC. La COP est une conf\u00e9rence mondiale sur le climat, organis\u00e9e chaque ann\u00e9e sur un continent diff\u00e9rent depuis de 1995, la premi\u00e8re s\u2019\u00e9tant d\u00e9roul\u00e9e \u00e0 Berlin.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection : le protocole de Kyoto \ud83d\udcdc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019issue de la COP 3 qui s\u2019est tenue \u00e0 Kyoto en 1995, les membres ont sign\u00e9 <strong>le protocole de Kyoto. <\/strong>C\u2019est <a href=\"https:\/\/unfccc.int\/kyoto_protocol\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">un accord international qui vise \u00e0 r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre. <\/a>Il est entr\u00e9 en vigueur le 16 f\u00e9vrier 2005 apr\u00e8s que 55 pays signataires aient ratifi\u00e9 le texte du protocole.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le point def<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La \u201cratification\u201d c\u2019est un <strong>acte international par lequel un \u00c9tat indique qu\u2019il s\u2019engage \u00e0 \u00eatre li\u00e9 \u00e0 un trait\u00e9<\/strong>. C\u2019est une mani\u00e8re officielle pour un pays d\u2019exprimer son consentement envers le texte d\u2019un trait\u00e9 en s\u2019engageant \u00e0 le respecter.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les faits, chaque \u00c9tat qui avait choisi de respecter le protocole <strong>s\u2019engageait \u00e0 une r\u00e9duction chiffr\u00e9e de ses \u00e9missions de CO2 \u00e0 partir des donn\u00e9es recueillies en 1990<\/strong>.<br><br>\ud83d\udc49 \u00c0 titre d\u2019exemple, l\u2019Europe et les pays qui la composent, s\u2019\u00e9taient engag\u00e9s sur une baisse de 8\u2009%, le Japon visait lui aussi 8\u2009% et les \u00c9tats-Unis 7\u2009%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9sultats de ces engagements tombent en 2014 : on constate <strong>une chute de 24 % <\/strong>! \ud83e\udd73<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Mais dans les faits, le r\u00e9sultat n\u2019est pas si rose\u2026 En effet, d\u00e8s 1997, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnrs.fr\/cw\/dossiers\/dosclim1\/sysfacte\/effetserre\/engagements.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">les \u00c9tats-Unis quittent le navire<\/a>, suivit du Canada en 2011, le protocole n\u2019imposait aucune contrainte et laissait la possibilit\u00e9 de se retirer. Super\u2026&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/im-out-we-out-min.gif\" alt=\"Au revoir\" class=\"wp-image-266004\" style=\"width:291px;height:391px\" width=\"291\" height=\"391\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais \u00e7a ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0 ! Parmi les pays ayant ratifi\u00e9 le protocole de Kyoto, on pouvait compter <strong>plusieurs anciens pays membres de l\u2019URSS<\/strong> comme la Roumanie, la Lettonie, la Bulgarie\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le probl\u00e8me, c\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 la chute de l\u2019URSS en 1991, ces pays ont connu une grosse chute de leur activit\u00e9 industrielle :<strong> ils \u00e9mettaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 beaucoup moins de GES qu\u2019en 1990 !<\/strong> Si bien qu\u2019au moment o\u00f9 elle ratifie le trait\u00e9, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.i4ce.org\/download\/climate-report-n44-ex-post-evaluation-of-the-kyoto-protocol-four-key-lessons-for-the-2015-paris-agreement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">la R\u00e9publique Tch\u00e8que \u00e9mettait d\u00e9j\u00e0 30\u2009% de CO2 en moins <\/a>par rapport \u00e0 1990\u2026 Ils voulaient certainement jouer les bons \u00e9l\u00e8ves pour se donner bonne conscience. \ud83d\ude44<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-2 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image is-style-rounded\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-234604\" style=\"width:313px;height:511px\" width=\"313\" height=\"511\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif?w=392 392w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/BoO7OjT.gif?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 313px) 100vw, 313px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Le protocole <em>vs<\/em> le climat<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Le bilan est pire quand on sait que<strong> la Chine et l\u2019Inde ont connu une forte industrialisation dans les ann\u00e9es 1990.<\/strong> <br>Ils deviennent les deux plus gros pollueurs au monde, suivis de pr\u00e8s par les \u00c9tats-Unis. Le bilan du protocole de Kyoto est bien maigre vu que <strong>le trio ne fait pas partie de l\u2019accord\u2026&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s l\u2019\u00e9chec du protocole de Kyoto, aucun autre outil international n\u2019a permis de contr\u00f4ler ni de r\u00e9guler les \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre \u00e0 l\u2019international. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La lutte contre le changement climatique n\u2019est envisageable qu\u2019\u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la Terre enti\u00e8re. Les pays et les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s doivent donc travailler ensemble pour mettre en \u0153uvre <strong>une coop\u00e9ration efficace.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvZ3JhcGhpZSZzaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une br\u00e8ve histoire du nucl\u00e9aire<strong>&nbsp;<\/strong>\ud83d\udcda<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout commence \u00e0 <strong>Paris en 1896<\/strong>. Au cours d\u2019une exp\u00e9rience, le physicien <strong>Henri Becquerel<\/strong> d\u00e9couvre que de l\u2019uranium est capable de faire une impression sur une plaque photographique sans l\u2019aide d\u2019une autre source lumineuse. Il en d\u00e9duit l\u2019existence d\u2019un rayon qu\u2019il appelle : <strong>rayon uranique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es qui suivent, <strong>les physiciens Pierre et Marie Curie<\/strong>, \u00e9tudient ce rayon. Ils d\u00e9couvrent d\u2019autres \u00e9l\u00e9ments capables d\u2019\u00e9mettre ce genre de rayon, ils appellent cela <strong>la radioactivit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Au d\u00e9but du 20<sup>\u00e8me<\/sup> si\u00e8cle, <strong>Ernest Rutherford<\/strong>, un physicien et chimiste britannique, sugg\u00e8re que la radioactivit\u00e9 est le rayonnement qui accompagne la destruction d\u2019atome. Cette hypoth\u00e8se chamboule le milieu scientifique de l\u2019\u00e9poque, puisqu\u2019on pensait que les atomes \u00e9taient alors indestructibles.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1938, deux chimistes allemands, <strong>Otto Hahn<\/strong> <strong>et Fritz Strassman<\/strong> d\u00e9couvrent la fission nucl\u00e9aire. En bombardant un atome d\u2019Uranium avec un proton, <strong>celui-ci se divise en deux et lib\u00e8re une grande quantit\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9nergie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un an plus tard, \u00e0 Paris, <strong>Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Joliot-Curie<\/strong> d\u00e9couvre que la r\u00e9action provoque l\u2019\u00e9jection de 3 neutrons, donc <strong>la possibilit\u00e9 de cr\u00e9er une r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Si tu veux d\u00e9couvrir<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-biographie-de-marie-curie\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> qui \u00e9tait la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Marie Curie<\/a>, viens d\u00e9couvrir son parcours dans notre article \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9veloppement du nucl\u00e9aire civil \u2622\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En parall\u00e8le du programme nucl\u00e9aire militaire d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 depuis la seconde guerre mondiale, des recherches sont aussi men\u00e9es afin de d\u00e9velopper <strong>le nucl\u00e9aire civil.<\/strong> Le terme d\u00e9signe principalement l\u2019exploitation de l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire pour la production de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les premi\u00e8res centrales nucl\u00e9aires apparaissent dans les ann\u00e9es 1950<\/strong>, la majorit\u00e9 d\u2019entre elles sont \u00e9quip\u00e9es des r\u00e9acteurs \u00e0 eau pressuris\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Comment \u00e7a marche ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Dans le c\u0153ur du r\u00e9acteur se trouve une cuve qui contient des barres d\u2019uranium, le combustible. La r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene produite par l\u2019uranium est contr\u00f4l\u00e9e pour durer environ 3 ans. La chaleur \u00e9mise par la r\u00e9action a pour but de <strong>transformer l\u2019eau en vapeur qui permet de faire tourner une turbine,<\/strong> g\u00e9n\u00e9rant ainsi de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/\u706b\u529b\u96fb\u5ee0-thermal-power-pland-min.gif\" alt=\"Centrale nucl\u00e9aire\" class=\"wp-image-266017\" style=\"width:721px;height:492px\" width=\"721\" height=\"492\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Alors que les centrales nucl\u00e9aires commencent \u00e0 se d\u00e9velopper, l\u2019ONU a cr\u00e9\u00e9 l<strong>\u2019Agence Internationale de l\u2019\u00c9nergie Atomique<\/strong> (AIEA) afin d\u2019encourager la recherche dans le nucl\u00e9aire civil. L\u2019organisation est charg\u00e9e d\u2019assurer <strong>un usage s\u00fbr et pacifique du nucl\u00e9aire.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1973, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/chocs-petroliers\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">c\u2019est le premier choc p\u00e9trolier<\/a>. En peu de temps le prix du baril explose mettant en difficult\u00e9 les pays d\u00e9pendant de l\u2019importation p\u00e9troli\u00e8re. Chacun a essay\u00e9 de trouver une alternative pour son approvisionnement \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment que <strong>la France et le Japon misent tout sur l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>On ne d\u00e9veloppera pas le nucl\u00e9aire militaire dans cet article, on l\u2019a d\u00e9j\u00e0 d\u00e9taill\u00e9 dans notre article sur<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-dissuasion-nucleaire\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> les origines de la dissuasion nucl\u00e9aire<\/a> ! \ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La France, leader europ\u00e9en \ud83c\udfc6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Aujourd\u2019hui, de nombreux pays se sont tourn\u00e9s vers le nucl\u00e9aire dans la composition de leur mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le point def\u2019<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Pour satisfaire leurs besoins en \u00e9nergie, chaque pays utilise les \u00e9nergies \u00e0 sa disposition dans des proportions diff\u00e9rentes, c\u2019est le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique. Il est tr\u00e8s diff\u00e9rent d\u2019un pays \u00e0 l\u2019autre, mais \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mondiale, ce mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique est domin\u00e9 \u00e0 80 % par les \u00e9nergies fossiles.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour prendre le cas de la France, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019outil <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rte-france.com\/eco2mix\/la-production-delectricite-par-filiere\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Eco2Mix<\/a> de RTE, <strong>le gestionnaire du R\u00e9seau de Transport de l\u2019\u00c9lectricit\u00e9<\/strong>, on peut consulter en direct la part de chaque type d\u2019\u00e9nergie dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique de la France.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019heure o\u00f9 on \u00e9crit cet article, on peut constater que le nucl\u00e9aire occupe une part pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante dans le mix \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique fran\u00e7ais. C\u2019est une donn\u00e9e importante quand on sait que le nucl\u00e9aire produit <strong>35 g de CO2\/kWh <\/strong>contre <strong>400 \u00e0 500 g pour les centrales \u00e0 p\u00e9troles <\/strong>et <strong>1200 g pour les centrales \u00e0 charbon<\/strong>. L\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire est donc une mani\u00e8re efficace de produire de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 bas-carbone !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1024x479.png\" alt=\"L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire\" class=\"wp-image-234611\" style=\"width:751px;height:350px\" width=\"751\" height=\"350\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La France est aujourd\u2019hui l<strong>e leader europ\u00e9en de l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire<\/strong> avec 56 r\u00e9acteurs ! Elle n\u2019est devanc\u00e9e que par les \u00c9tats-Unis qui en poss\u00e8dent 95, mais si on regarde bien les chiffres, la France poss\u00e8de le plus grand parc nucl\u00e9aire au monde proportionnellement \u00e0 sa population !&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvcG9saXRpcXVlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 G\u00e9opolitique\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> de g\u00e9opolitique ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprendre l\u2019enjeu nucl\u00e9aire&nbsp;\ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 la probl\u00e9matique du r\u00e9chauffement climatique, <strong>l\u2019\u00e9nergie bas-carbone apparait comme la solution. <\/strong>Parmi les choix possibles on se retrouve d\u2019un c\u00f4t\u00e9 avec les \u00e9nergies renouvelables \u00e0 faible rendement et de l\u2019autre le nucl\u00e9aire qui permet de produire de grandes quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9s avec un rendement tr\u00e8s efficace.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon la<strong> Fondation pour la Recherche Strat\u00e9gique<\/strong> (FRS), il est n\u00e9cessaire de consid\u00e9rer l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire comme une source d\u2019\u00e9nergie qui permettrait d\u2019atteindre les objectifs climatiques du <strong>Green Deal<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le Green Deal ou le Pacte Vert pour l\u2019Europe est un ensemble d\u2019initiatives politiques propos\u00e9es par la Commission europ\u00e9enne. Son but est que l\u2019Europe soit neutre \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard du climat d&#8217;ici \u00e0 2050. Cela comprend notamment la r\u00e9duction drastique des \u00e9missions de GES et la pr\u00e9servation des ressources naturelles !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le probl\u00e8me : <strong>sur les 27 membres de l\u2019Europe, 14 ne disposent pas de l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire.<\/strong> Les normes europ\u00e9ennes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 sur le nucl\u00e9aire sont tr\u00e8s couteuses \u00e0 mettre en place et ne sont pas \u00e0 la port\u00e9e de tous les pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le nucl\u00e9aire a \u00e9galement<strong> beaucoup de d\u00e9tracteurs <\/strong>derri\u00e8re lui en raison des nombreux dangers que repr\u00e9sente son exploitation \u00e0 la fois pour l\u2019homme et la nature.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection : les accidents nucl\u00e9aires \ud83d\udca5<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprendre l\u2019enjeu nucl\u00e9aire : L\u2019accident de Tchernobyl \ud83d\ude31<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1986, la centrale de Tchernobyl situ\u00e9e dans le nord de l\u2019actuelle Ukraine commence \u00e0 faire des siennes. \u00c0 la suite d\u2019une s\u00e9rie d\u2019erreurs humaines, <strong>les techniciens de la centrale perdent le contr\u00f4le d\u2019un des r\u00e9acteurs.<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-3 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>La temp\u00e9rature du c\u0153ur devient beaucoup trop \u00e9lev\u00e9e et entra\u00eene une explosion qui fait litt\u00e9ralement sauter le toit en b\u00e9ton de la chambre de confinement ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une partie du toit retombe sur la cuve du combustible qui se fracture.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"620\" height=\"465\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire\" class=\"wp-image-234613\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg?w=620 620w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/20161115_160440_309831973153d20108307k.jpg?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Le sarcophage de Tchernobyl install\u00e9 en 2016.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019accident lib\u00e8re un nuage hautement radioactif dans la nature<\/strong>, celui-ci se propage dans l\u2019air et contamine une grande partie du continent europ\u00e9en.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udca1 Autour de la centrale, les autorit\u00e9s de l\u2019URSS ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 <strong>une zone d\u2019exclusion de 2600\u2009km\u00b2 <\/strong>et font d\u00e9placer pr\u00e8s de 200,000 personnes.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Les particules radioactives transport\u00e9es dans l\u2019air finissent par retomber \u00e0 terre et recouvrent tout, les habitations, les for\u00eats, les sols\u2026 Tous ces environnements se retrouvent contamin\u00e9s par les rejets radioactifs. Des ann\u00e9es plus tard, les terres agricoles sont contamin\u00e9es ont \u00e0 leur tour entrainant <strong>la contamination des denr\u00e9es alimentaires cultiv\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-4 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/4218723-768x1024.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire\" class=\"wp-image-234615\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Pr\u00e8s de 40 ans plus tard, <strong>la radioactivit\u00e9 des sols proches de la centrale est encore mesurable<\/strong>, notamment dans certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments naturels comme les champignons en for\u00eat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Un peu partout dans le monde, ces deux accidents ont renforc\u00e9 l\u2019un apr\u00e8s l\u2019autre <strong>une opposition au d\u00e9veloppement du nucl\u00e9aire civil, <\/strong>freinant grandement le d\u00e9veloppement de l\u2019industrie dans d\u2019autres pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour aller plus loin, on te recommande l\u2019excellente mini-s\u00e9rie \u00e9ponyme. La s\u00e9rie documentaire permet de faire la lumi\u00e8re sur l\u2019accident et la gestion de ses nombreuses cons\u00e9quences sur l\u2019homme et la nature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Comprendre l\u2019enjeu nucl\u00e9aire : L\u2019accident de Fukushima \ud83d\ude35<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le 11 mars 2011,<a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Accident_nucl%C3%A9aire_de_Fukushima\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> le Japon est victime d\u2019une triple catastrophe<\/a>. Le pays est d\u2019abord frapp\u00e9 par un <strong>s\u00e9isme de magnitude 9,1<\/strong> sur l\u2019\u00e9chelle de Richter, le plus violent jamais enregistr\u00e9 par le pays. \u00c0 la suite de la secousse, c\u2019est <strong>un tsunami de plus de 10 m de haut<\/strong> qui s\u2019abat sur les c\u00f4tes japonaises.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En quelques jours,<strong> les quatre r\u00e9acteurs de la centrale finissent par exploser,<\/strong> lib\u00e9rant un nuage radioactif qui est souffl\u00e9 au-dessus de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique jusqu\u2019au Nord de l\u2019Am\u00e9rique. Ce panache radioactif a donc contamin\u00e9 pr\u00e8s d\u2019un tiers de la surface de la terre.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le Savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le 15 mars soit quatre jours apr\u00e8s la catastrophe environnementale de Fukushima, la Chanceli\u00e8re allemande, Angela Merkel, a <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.fr\/la-sortie-du-nucleaire-en-allemagne-a-t-elle-ete-compensee-par-une-hausse-de-la-production-de-charbon\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\">d\u00e9cid\u00e9 le retrait d\u00e9finitif de l\u2019Allemagne du nucl\u00e9aire<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/priorities-mark-duplass-min.gif\" alt=\"Priorit\u00e9\" class=\"wp-image-266015\" style=\"width:552px;height:401px\" width=\"552\" height=\"401\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le d\u00e9bat sur la gestion des d\u00e9chets radioactifs&nbsp;\ud83d\uddd1\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un des avantages du nucl\u00e9aire est de permettre <strong>la production de grandes quantit\u00e9s d\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 avec une tr\u00e8s faible \u00e9mission de CO2.<\/strong> En revanche, les activit\u00e9s de l\u2019industrie engendrent des d\u00e9chets radioactifs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me r\u00e9side avant tout dans leur dur\u00e9e de vie et leur dangerosit\u00e9, certains de ces d\u00e9chets <strong>peuvent rester radioactifs pendant plusieurs centaines de milliers d\u2019ann\u00e9es<\/strong>. Nos technologies actuelles n\u2019offrent pas de solutions d\u00e9finitives pour se d\u00e9barrasser ou recycler les d\u00e9chets de haute activit\u00e9 et \u00e0 vie longue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Les combustibles utilis\u00e9s dans les re\u00e9acteurs des centrales ne terminent pas tous en d\u00e9chets, pr\u00e8s de  <strong>96% de leur composition est revalorisable <\/strong>pour un autre usage ou tout simplement recyclable pour produire une nouvelle mati\u00e8re combustible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccc <strong>Seulement 4% de la mati\u00e8re combustible finis ultimement en d\u00e9chet<\/strong>. mis \u00e0 part leur stockage, il n&#8217;existe pas de solution pour les r\u00e9utiliser ou s&#8217;en d\u00e9barasser sans danger. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udc49 La solution la plus pl\u00e9biscit\u00e9e est <strong>l\u2019enfouissement g\u00e9ologique<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire d\u2019enterrer les d\u00e9chets sous terre \u00e0 plus de 300 m de profondeur dans des centres de stockage.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cette solution ne fait pas l\u2019unanimit\u00e9<\/strong>, surtout pour les gens qui vivent au-dessus des centres d\u2019enfouissement. L\u2019exemple r\u00e9cent en France, c\u2019est le projet de stockage Cig\u00e9o dans la commune de Bure dans le d\u00e9partement de la Meuse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le projet est pilot\u00e9 par l\u2019Andra,<a href=\"https:\/\/www.andra.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"> l\u2019Agence nationale pour la gestion des d\u00e9chets radioactifs<\/a> c\u2019est l\u2019organisme en charge de g\u00e9rer les d\u00e9chets radioactifs en France. Ce projet d\u2019enfouissement fait d\u00e9bat puisqu\u2019il est <strong>con\u00e7u pour accueillir les d\u00e9chets fran\u00e7ais les plus radioactifs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/concerned-that-concerns-me-enormously-min.gif\" alt=\"Une inqui\u00e9tude pour tous\" class=\"wp-image-266016\" style=\"width:630px;height:446px\" width=\"630\" height=\"446\" \/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Le probl\u00e8me des d\u00e9chets radioactifs, c\u2019est qu\u2019on commence d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e0 en accumuler un petit&nbsp; paquet depuis les ann\u00e9es 60. <strong>Mais ce n\u2019est pas tant le volume qui est difficile \u00e0 traiter, mais la dur\u00e9e de vie de leur dangerosit\u00e9 !&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Qu\u2019on choisisse de continuer \u00e0 produire des d\u00e9chets nucl\u00e9aires ou qu\u2019on d\u00e9cide de tout arr\u00eater du jour au lendemain, le probl\u00e8me reste sur la table, <strong>qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019on fait de tous ces d\u00e9chets hyper-dangereux \u00e0 tr\u00e8s long terme ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le volume de d\u00e9chets en France reste \u00e0 relativiser. Dans un thread sur Twitter, @laydgeur s\u2019est amus\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>condenser leur volume dans deux cubes<\/strong>, l\u2019un contenant les d\u00e9chets de moyenne activit\u00e9, l\u2019autre avec les d\u00e9chets de haute activit\u00e9. Leur volume est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle de la Cath\u00e9drale d\u2019Amiens. Cette mise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle permet de constater que le volume de d\u00e9chets n\u2019est pas aussi \u00e9norme qu\u2019on aurait pu le penser.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed aligncenter is-type-rich is-provider-twitter wp-block-embed-twitter\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\nhttps:\/\/twitter.com\/laydgeur\/status\/1529192941641682946?s=20&#038;t=OuXJAaLE3G38hJgtxg8exg\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #99cc00\">En 40 ans<\/span>, la production \u00e9lectrique nucl\u00e9aire repr\u00e9sente environ <span style=\"color: #99cc00\">une tasse \u00e0 caf\u00e9<\/span> de d\u00e9chet radioactifs de haute activit\u00e9 <span style=\"color: #99cc00\">par fran\u00e7ais.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Simon Puech<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Vid\u00e9aste Vulgarisateur<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour aller plus loin sur la question de la gestion de d\u00e9chets, on te recommande la vid\u00e9o tr\u00e8s document\u00e9e de la cha\u00eene Osons Comprendre ! \ud83d\udc47 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-reset-after-played data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube-dcx5vnwe0a4\" style=\"max-width:400px;\" class=\"arve aligncenter\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.250000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &#039;none&#039;;autoplay &#039;none&#039;;camera &#039;none&#039;;ch-ua &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-read &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-write;display-capture &#039;none&#039;;encrypted-media &#039;none&#039;;gamepad &#039;none&#039;;geolocation &#039;none&#039;;gyroscope &#039;none&#039;;hid &#039;none&#039;;identity-credentials-get &#039;none&#039;;idle-detection &#039;none&#039;;keyboard-map &#039;none&#039;;local-fonts &#039;none&#039;;magnetometer &#039;none&#039;;microphone &#039;none&#039;;midi &#039;none&#039;;payment &#039;none&#039;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &#039;none&#039;;publickey-credentials-get &#039;none&#039;;screen-wake-lock &#039;none&#039;;serial &#039;none&#039;;sync-xhr;usb &#039;none&#039;;window-management &#039;none&#039;;xr-spatial-tracking &#039;none&#039;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-dcx5vnwe0a4\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/dCX5vnWE0A4?feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"225\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/dCX5vnWE0A4?feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"G\u00e9rer les d\u00e9chets nucl\u00e9aires : mission impossible ?\" width=\"400\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sherpas.com\\\/blog\\\/lenvironnement-entre-exploitation-et-protection\\\/#arve-youtube-dcx5vnwe0a4\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/dCX5vnWE0A4?feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"G\\u00e9rer les d\\u00e9chets nucl\\u00e9aires : mission impossible ?\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/dCX5vnWE0A4\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2021-11-01T16:00:27Z\",\"author\":\"Osons Causer\",\"description\":\"Les d\\u00e9chets nucl\\u00e9aires radioactifs font peur. Certains sont tr\\u00e8s dangereux, pour tr\\u00e8s longtemps. Mais on sait souvent peu de choses sur eux et sur la fa\\u00e7on dont on s'en occupe. Que trouve-t-on quand on cherche ?\\n\\nDans cette vid\\u00e9o, on se met au clair sur ce sujet br\\u00fblant, avant de parler du projet Cig\\u00e9o \\u00e0 Bure.\\n\\nPour nous soutenir et d\\u00e9couvrir + de 80 vid\\u00e9os sur les sujets cl\\u00e9s pour comprendre le monde, \\u00e7a se passe sur notre site :\\n\\n\\nSources de la vid\\u00e9o : \\n\\nMerci \\u00e0 Tristan Kamin pour sa relecture et ses corrections techniques\"}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le danger des centrales vieillissantes&nbsp;\ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83e\uddb3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-5 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Les centrales nucl\u00e9aires sont \u00e9galement dangereuses parce qu\u2019elles ont du mal \u00e0 partir \u00e0 la retraite ! Parmi les 56 r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires sur le sol fran\u00e7ais : <strong>32 r\u00e9acteurs ont d\u00e9pass\u00e9 les 40 ans de services !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019association<strong> <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Greenpeace<\/a><strong> milite pour la fermeture ou du moins l\u2019arr\u00eat de ces centrales<\/strong> puisqu\u2019elles sont vectrices de risques \u00e0 la fois pour les populations voisines, mais aussi pour l\u2019environnement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le premier argument avanc\u00e9 par l\u2019association est li\u00e9 \u00e0 <strong>l\u2019\u00e2ge des r\u00e9acteurs<\/strong> comme on vient de l\u2019\u00e9voquer.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"637\" height=\"768\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png\" alt=\"L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire\" class=\"wp-image-234620\" srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png?w=637 637w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png?w=320 320w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png?w=576 576w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png?w=940 940w, https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/unnamed-1.png?w=1080 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 637px) 100vw, 637px\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Les r\u00e9acteurs ont \u00e9t\u00e9 con\u00e7us pour une dur\u00e9e de fonctionnement allant <strong>de 30 \u00e0 40 ans<\/strong>, on ne sait pas s\u2019ils sont en mesure d\u00e9passer cet \u00e2ge sans risques.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019autre souci, c\u2019est qu\u2019on ne sera pas en mesure <strong>d\u2019adapter nos vieilles centrales aux normes de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 les plus r\u00e9centes.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udca1 M\u00eame si on essaye de les am\u00e9liorer (ce qui co\u00fbte astronomiquement cher) nos vieux r\u00e9acteurs nucl\u00e9aires n\u2019atteindront pas les m\u00eames <a href=\"https:\/\/www.greenpeace.org\/luxembourg\/fr\/communiques-de-presse\/4484\/des-deficits-de-surete-considerables-lies-a-lextension-de-la-duree-de-vie-des-centrales-nucleaires-francaises\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">exigences de s\u00fbret\u00e9 et de s\u00e9curit\u00e9<\/a> qu\u2019un r\u00e9acteur de derni\u00e8re g\u00e9n\u00e9ration.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Au cours d&#8217;une de ses enqu\u00eates, le vid\u00e9aste <strong>Simon Puech<\/strong> s&#8217;est rendu dans une centrale nucl\u00e9raire pour d\u00e9couvrir l&#8217;envers du d\u00e9cors, tu peux la retrouver ici \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div data-fullscreen=\"disabled\" data-reset-after-played data-mode=\"normal\" data-oembed=\"1\" data-provider=\"youtube\" id=\"arve-youtube-0nr4uwnhjl8\" style=\"max-width:400px;\" class=\"arve aligncenter\">\n\t<div class=\"arve-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"arve-embed arve-embed--has-aspect-ratio\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"arve-ar\" style=\"padding-top:56.250000%\"><\/div>\n\t\t\t<iframe allow=\"accelerometer &#039;none&#039;;autoplay &#039;none&#039;;camera &#039;none&#039;;ch-ua &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-read &#039;none&#039;;clipboard-write;display-capture &#039;none&#039;;encrypted-media &#039;none&#039;;gamepad &#039;none&#039;;geolocation &#039;none&#039;;gyroscope &#039;none&#039;;hid &#039;none&#039;;identity-credentials-get &#039;none&#039;;idle-detection &#039;none&#039;;keyboard-map &#039;none&#039;;local-fonts &#039;none&#039;;magnetometer &#039;none&#039;;microphone &#039;none&#039;;midi &#039;none&#039;;payment &#039;none&#039;;picture-in-picture;publickey-credentials-create &#039;none&#039;;publickey-credentials-get &#039;none&#039;;screen-wake-lock &#039;none&#039;;serial &#039;none&#039;;sync-xhr;usb &#039;none&#039;;window-management &#039;none&#039;;xr-spatial-tracking &#039;none&#039;;\" allowfullscreen=\"\" class=\"arve-iframe fitvidsignore\" credentialless data-arve=\"arve-youtube-0nr4uwnhjl8\" data-lenis-prevent=\"\" data-src-no-ap=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/0nr4UwnHJL8?start=301&amp;feature=oembed&amp;iv_load_policy=3&amp;modestbranding=1&amp;rel=0&amp;autohide=1&amp;playsinline=0&amp;autoplay=0&amp;enablejsapi=1\" frameborder=\"0\" height=\"225\" loading=\"lazy\" name=\"\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-presentation allow-popups allow-popups-to-escape-sandbox\" scrolling=\"no\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\/embed\/0nr4UwnHJL8?start=301&#038;feature=oembed&#038;iv_load_policy=3&#038;modestbranding=1&#038;rel=0&#038;autohide=1&#038;playsinline=0&#038;autoplay=0&#038;enablejsapi=1\" title=\"J\u2019entre dans un r\u00e9acteur nucl\u00e9aire (reportage)\" width=\"400\"><\/iframe>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\n\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"http:\\\/\\\/schema.org\\\/\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/sherpas.com\\\/blog\\\/lenvironnement-entre-exploitation-et-protection\\\/#arve-youtube-0nr4uwnhjl8\",\"type\":\"VideoObject\",\"embedURL\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube-nocookie.com\\\/embed\\\/0nr4UwnHJL8?start=301&feature=oembed&iv_load_policy=3&modestbranding=1&rel=0&autohide=1&playsinline=0&autoplay=0&enablejsapi=1\",\"name\":\"J\\u2019entre dans un r\\u00e9acteur nucl\\u00e9aire (reportage)\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/i.ytimg.com\\\/vi\\\/0nr4UwnHJL8\\\/hqdefault.jpg\",\"uploadDate\":\"2022-06-28T15:01:44Z\",\"author\":\"Simon Puech\",\"description\":\"\\ud83e\\udd1c\\ud83c\\udffb\\ud83e\\udd1b\\ud83c\\udffb Like la vid\\u00e9o l'ami, \\u00e7a me file un coup de main ! \\ud83e\\udd1c\\ud83c\\udffb\\ud83e\\udd1b\\ud83c\\udffb\\nMe soutenir sur Tipeee : \\nMe soutenir sur UTip : \\n\\nMerci \\u00e0 EDF pour le partenariat sur cette vid\\u00e9o. \\u26a1\\ufe0f\\n\\n\\ud83d\\udd25 CAPTE MOI SUR MES R\\u00c9SEAUX \\n_______________________\\n- Instagram : \\n- Twitch : \\n- Twitter : \\n- Discord : \\n- TikTok : \\n- Facebook : \\n\\n\\ud83d\\udc5f MES SAPPES\\n_________________________\\n- \\n\\n \\ud83c\\udfa7 MUSIQUES\\n_______________________\\n- Epidemic Sound\\n\\nA bient\\u00f4t ! \\u270b\\ud83c\\udffb\"}<\/script>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">De nouvelles centrales en projet ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En Normandie \u00e0 <strong>Flamanville<\/strong>, nos ing\u00e9nieurs sont en train de faire construire un nouveau mod\u00e8le de centrale bas\u00e9e sur un mod\u00e8le r\u00e9acteur plus petit et plus performant : <strong>les EPR<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce sont des r\u00e9acteurs nouvelles g\u00e9n\u00e9rations qui pourront atteindre une puissance de <strong>1650 m\u00e9gaWatts<\/strong> ! Une fois sa costruction achev\u00e9e, ce sera <strong>le r\u00e9acteur nucl\u00e9aire le plus puissant au monde <\/strong>! \u00c0 titre de comparaison, le plus puissant r\u00e9acteur fran\u00e7ais dispose d&#8217;une puisance de <strong>1400 MW<\/strong> ! <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Les avantages des r\u00e9acteurs EPR<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>Une utilisation plus efficace du combustible<\/li>\n<li>Une diminution de 17\u2009% de la consommation de combustible<\/li>\n<li>Une production de d\u00e9chets radioactifs r\u00e9duite de 30 %<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 N\u00e9anmoins ces r\u00e9aterus ont aussi des d\u00e9fauts. Non seulement si tu te renseignes, tu verras que \u00e7a co\u00fbte une blinde par rapport au budget fix\u00e9 par l&#8217;Etat fran\u00e7ais, mais en plus la construction du projet \u00e0 10 ans de retard ! \ud83d\ude32<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvZ3JhcGhpZSZzaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire : \u00e0 retenir \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour apporter une r\u00e9ponse au changement climatique, il sera donc n\u00e9cessaire de <strong>n\u00e9gocier nouvelles alliances dans le domaine de l\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire<\/strong>, en particulier sur le financement des infrastructures pour d\u00e9velopper cette \u00e9nergie dans les pays qui n\u2019y ont pas acc\u00e8s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame si le secteur de l\u2019\u00e9nergie va dans la bonne direction, le probl\u00e8me ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0, beaucoup d\u2019autres secteurs \u00e9mettent des GES.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-6 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/06\/origine-emissions-CO2-CGDD-1024x623.jpg\" alt=\"L\u2019environnement entre exploitation et protection un enjeu plan\u00e9taire\" class=\"wp-image-234622\" \/><\/figure><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-center is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>En France, le premier secteur \u00e9metteur de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre est celui des <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/reseauactionclimat.org\/planetman\/planetman-en-balade\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>transports<\/strong><\/a> (41 % en 2020). Suivi par ceux de l\u2019agriculture, de l\u2019industrie et de la construction.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En attendant que les \u00e9nergies renouvelables soient capables de la concurrencer, l<strong>\u2019\u00e9nergie nucl\u00e9aire est aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019un des meilleurs moyens de r\u00e9pondre aux enjeux climatiques.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Heureusement, tout n\u2019est pas perdu pour notre ch\u00e8re petite plan\u00e8te terre ! <strong>Il existe de nombreuses innovations technologiques bas-carbone <\/strong>qui permettent de g\u00e9n\u00e9rer de l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre, les seules probl\u00e9matiques qu\u2019il nous reste \u00e0 r\u00e9soudre sont :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\ud83d\udccc Comment d\u00e9velopper cette \u00e9lectricit\u00e9 propre \u00e0 large \u00e9chelle ?<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udccc Comment op\u00e9rer la transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique vers une \u00e9conomie plus verte ?<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour mettre en \u0153uvre ces changements et pr\u00e9server le climat, l\u2019enjeu pour l\u2019Europe et le reste du monde est de <strong>r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 avancer \u00e0 l\u2019unisson.<\/strong> <br>L\u2019objectif des prochaines ann\u00e9e sera de mettre en \u0153uvre <strong>un jeu de coop\u00e9rations internationales<\/strong> entre les pays du monde par le biais d\u2019outils plus performants et plus contraignants que le protocole de Kyoto. Tout le monde est concern\u00e9, donc tout le monde devrait \u0153uvrer en ce sens !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>On tente de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 ces probl\u00e9matiques dans deux de nos articles :<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-energies-de-demain\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2705 Quelles sont les \u00e9nergies de demain ?<br \/>\n<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-transition-energetique\/\" rel=\"noopener\">\u2705 La transition \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique : enjeux, challenges, objectifs ?<\/a><\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;234596&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (4 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019environnement, entre exploitation et protection : la question du nucl\u00e9aire&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (4 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De nos jours, les questions environnementales sont de v\u00e9ritables sujets de pr\u00e9occupation politique. M\u00eame si la plupart des (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":234666,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[122,895],"tag":[267],"class_list":["post-234596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-lifestyle","category-actu-et-societe","tag-ecologie"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234596","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=234596"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/234596\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/234666"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=234596"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=234596"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=234596"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}