{"id":227819,"date":"2022-05-27T11:34:07","date_gmt":"2022-05-27T09:34:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=227819"},"modified":"2023-12-11T11:55:30","modified_gmt":"2023-12-11T10:55:30","slug":"affaire-snowden","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/affaire-snowden\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u2019affaire Snowden et ses cons\u00e9quences sur le traitement de l\u2019information \ud83d\udd13"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Au programme de ta sp\u00e9 HGGSP en Terminale, tu dois traiter de la th\u00e9matique de l\u2019enjeu de la connaissance. Plus en d\u00e9tail, tu vas aborder la question du renseignement au service des \u00c9tats, qui est un v\u00e9ritable enjeu politique et g\u00e9opolitique.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>En anglais, tu peux \u00eatre amen\u00e9 \u00e0 \u00e9tudier l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/public-and-private-space-bac-anglais\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">axe Public and Private Spaces<\/a>, qui est en lien avec ce dont on va te parler !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>On va voir ensemble le cas particulier d\u2019Edward Snowden, lanceur d\u2019alerte am\u00e9ricain qui fait des r\u00e9v\u00e9lations qui influencent \u00e9norm\u00e9ment la g\u00e9opolitique. Let\u2019s go !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"affaire-snowden-qui-se-cache-derriere\">Affaire Snowden : qui se cache derri\u00e8re ? \ud83d\udc68<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"carte-didentite\">Carte d\u2019identit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"576\" height=\"694\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Edward_Snowden-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"edward snowden\" class=\"wp-image-227824\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Nom : Snowden<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pr\u00e9nom : Edward Joseph<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>N\u00e9 le : 21 juin 1983 aux \u00c9tats-Unis<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est \u00e0 l&rsquo;origine de \u00ab\u00a0l&rsquo;affaire Snowden\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qui-est-il\">Qui est-il ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 C\u2019est un <strong>homme patriote<\/strong> qui veut d\u00e9fendre son pays et ses valeurs. Pour cette raison, il <strong>s\u2019engage tr\u00e8s t\u00f4t dans l\u2019arm\u00e9e am\u00e9ricaine<\/strong>. Malheureusement, il a un accident qui l\u2019oblige \u00e0 s\u2019arr\u00eater. Apr\u00e8s \u00e7a, on le recrute assez vite \u00e0 la NSA puis \u00e0 la CIA pour <strong>travailler dans la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 informatique<\/strong>. Mais Edward Snowden se rend rapidement compte que <strong>leurs pratiques ne correspondent pas \u00e0 ses valeurs<\/strong>\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Je me sentais <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">utilis\u00e9<\/span>, un membre de la <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">communaut\u00e9 du renseignement<\/span> qui se rendait compte seulement maintenant que depuis le d\u00e9but, il ne d\u00e9fendait pas son pays mais l\u2019<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u00c9tat<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Edward Snowden<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Lanceur d&rsquo;alerte<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Les journaux le <em>Guardian <\/em>et <em>Washington Post<\/em> re\u00e7oivent le prix Pulitzer en 2014 pour ces r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur la NSA\u2026 On t\u2019explique tout de suite\u202f! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 G\u00e9opolitique\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> de g\u00e9opolitique ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"qua-t-il-fait\">Qu\u2019a-t-il fait ? \u270a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>Tout a commenc\u00e9 alors qu\u2019il \u00e9tait un tranquille <strong>informaticien<\/strong>\u2026 avant qu\u2019il ne devienne l\u2019<strong>homme le plus recherch\u00e9 du monde<\/strong> en 2013. \ud83d\udea8<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/xT0GqiRi9X1i9XPVSg\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Son tort\u202f? Avoir fait <strong>\u00e9clater la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sur les questions de s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et de vie priv\u00e9e<\/strong>. \ud83d\udd10<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward Snowden est un <strong>lanceur d\u2019alerte am\u00e9ricain<\/strong>. Pour t\u2019expliquer, un lanceur d\u2019alerte est charg\u00e9 de <strong>d\u00e9noncer des fraudes commises par des entreprises aux d\u00e9pens de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/strong>. Il existe d\u2019autres lanceurs d\u2019alerte connus, comme <strong>Julian Assange<\/strong>, <strong>Chelsea Manning<\/strong> ou bien encore <strong>Daniel Ellsberg<\/strong> (r\u00e9v\u00e9lations sur les Pentagon Papers).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0d Les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/lanceur-alerte\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"256348\">lanceurs d\u2019alerte<\/a> sont-ils des <strong>h\u00e9ros<\/strong> ou des <strong>tra\u00eetres<\/strong> ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ils trahissent la d\u00e9mocratie avec des <strong>moyens d\u2019actions ill\u00e9gaux<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ils sont tout de m\u00eame importants puisqu\u2019ils <strong>\u0153uvrent pour l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/strong> et sont les <strong>d\u00e9fenseurs de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019information<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>En fait, ils <strong>mettent au jour les limites de la d\u00e9mocratie et de la libert\u00e9 et du droit d\u2019information gr\u00e2ce aux communications et donn\u00e9es qu\u2019ils r\u00e9coltent dans un monde de plus en plus num\u00e9rique<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>On te glisse la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methode-composition-hggsp-bac\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">m\u00e9thodo de la composition d\u2019HGGSP<\/a> pour des \u00e9valuations en toute s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9 ! \ud83e\uddd8<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour reprendre son histoire, Edward Snowden est un ancien employ\u00e9 de la <strong>Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)<\/strong> et de la <strong>National Security Agency (NSA)<\/strong>. On a bien dit ancien employ\u00e9, parce qu\u2019il a \u00e9t\u00e9 vir\u00e9. Alors, non, pas de licenciement pour motif \u00e9conomique ici, on peut plut\u00f4t parler d\u2019une faute grave aux yeux de la NSA. \ud83d\ude2c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Mais, c\u2019est quoi un <strong>service de renseignement<\/strong>\u202f? Oui, les services secrets, \u00e7a existe en vrai, et pas seulement dans les films\u202f! C\u2019est une <strong>administration publique<\/strong> qui fait du <strong>renseignement au motif de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 nationale ou publique<\/strong>, par <strong>diff\u00e9rents moyens <\/strong>: interception des communications, espionnage des donn\u00e9es, surveillance des individus, cryptanalyse, \u00e9valuation d\u2019informations publiques\u2026 \ud83d\udd75\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La NSA d\u00e9tenait plusieurs documents top secret d\u2019autres pays et mettait sur \u00e9coute les communications t\u00e9l\u00e9phoniques de pr\u00e9sidents du monde entier, dont les 3 derniers dirigeants du gouvernement de la France\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour pr\u00e9parer au mieux son plan, Edward Snowden <strong>cachait des cartes SD contenant des informations sur ces abus dans ses v\u00eatements ou dans sa bouche<\/strong> pour pouvoir les avaler. Bien \u00e9videmment, ce qu\u2019il a fait \u00e9tait <strong>ill\u00e9gal et hors contrat<\/strong>, mais il dit l\u2019avoir fait pour <strong>suivre ses principes et ses convictions<\/strong>. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/DwIdasRkFKsMg\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Ma seule <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">motivation<\/span> est d\u2019<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">informer<\/span> le public sur ce qui est fait <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u00e0 leur nom<\/span> et ce qui est fait <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">contre eux<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Edward Snowden<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Lanceur d&rsquo;alerte<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9but juin 2013, Edward Snowden <strong>rencontre un journaliste du <em>Guardian<\/em>, Glenn Greenwald et la r\u00e9alisatrice <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Laura_Poitras\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Laura Poitras<\/a><\/strong>. Ces personnes n\u2019ont pas \u00e9t\u00e9 choisies au hasard parce qu\u2019elles sont toutes <strong>membres de la fondation de la libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/strong> cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 2012. \ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Des articles sur l\u2019affaire Snowden sont publi\u00e9s dans la foul\u00e9e de la part des journaux am\u00e9ricains <strong><em>Guardian<\/em><\/strong> et <strong><em>Washington Post<\/em><\/strong> pour d\u00e9noncer les agissements de la NSA. \ud83d\udcf0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward Snowden a donc r\u00e9v\u00e9l\u00e9 des <strong>informations class\u00e9es \u201csecret d\u2019\u00c9tat\u201d <\/strong>en divulguant<strong> l\u2019existence de plusieurs programmes internet de surveillance de masse<\/strong> am\u00e9ricains et britanniques (GCHQ, soit le \u201cquartier g\u00e9n\u00e9ral des communications du gouvernement\u201d) de la NSA. L\u2019affaire Snowden est ainsi \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la <strong>plus grande fuite de documents<\/strong> du service secret am\u00e9ricain avec la r\u00e9v\u00e9lation des documents du proc\u00e8s de Marc Dutroux et de l\u2019espionnage des r\u00e9seaux sociaux par les agences secr\u00e8tes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:33.33%\">\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La r\u00e9ponse de celles-ci ne se fait pas attendre\u202f! Le 14 juin 2013, <strong>les procureurs am\u00e9ricains d\u00e9posent une plainte contre Snowden<\/strong> pour <strong>vol et espionnage<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddd1\u200d\u2696\ufe0f<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:66.66%\"><div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/ZZO8OU62pKQ7Rsw9Qf\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 G\u00e9opolitique\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> de g\u00e9opolitique est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"affaire-snowden-quelles-consequences\">Affaire Snowden :  quelles cons\u00e9quences ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu te doutes bien, l\u2019affaire Snowden n\u2019est pas pass\u00e9e aux oubliettes. On assiste \u00e0 un <strong>d\u00e9bat mondial sur la question de la vie priv\u00e9e et de la s\u00e9curit\u00e9 des donn\u00e9es num\u00e9riques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-9d6595d7 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/05\/Stop_watching_us_0503.jpg\" alt=\"manifestations r\u00e9v\u00e9lations snowden\" class=\"wp-image-227836\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>L\u2019affaire est <strong>rendue publique<\/strong> et sort de l\u2019ombre. On assiste \u00e0 un v\u00e9ritable <strong>scandale<\/strong> repris par les m\u00e9dias. \ud83d\ude27<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pour-edward-snowden\">Pour Edward Snowden<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019homme devient tr\u00e8s vite <strong>c\u00e9l\u00e8bre<\/strong> et son nom est prononc\u00e9 aux quatre coins du monde. Il <strong>quitte les \u00c9tats-Unis<\/strong> parce qu\u2019il n\u2019y est plus en s\u00e9curit\u00e9 et rejoint Hong-Kong. Puis, il d\u00e9cide de partir \u00e0 nouveau pour aller \u00e0 <strong>Moscou<\/strong>,<strong> <\/strong>la capitale de la Russie, o\u00f9 il r\u00e9side toujours. \ud83e\ude86<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Edward Snowden s\u2019attire la <em>fame <\/em>lorsqu\u2019il appara\u00eet dans le documentaire consacr\u00e9 \u00e0 ses r\u00e9v\u00e9lations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pour-les-utilisateurs\">Pour les utilisateurs \ud83d\udcf1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour les utilisateurs des r\u00e9seaux sociaux et d\u2019internet en g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, c\u2019est l\u2019effroi. Si on observait sans arr\u00eat tes actions sur internet, possible que tu r\u00e9agisses pareil\u202f!<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Va voir notre article sur l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/hygiene-numerique\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">hygi\u00e8ne num\u00e9rique<\/a> pour prot\u00e9ger ta vie priv\u00e9e ! \ud83d\udd12<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>prise de conscience<\/strong> est \u00e9norme et l\u2019<strong>image de la NSA et ses complices &#8211; les entreprises num\u00e9riques &#8211; a \u00e9t\u00e9 tr\u00e8s d\u00e9grad\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple, l\u2019<strong>affiche <\/strong><strong><em>Hope<\/em><\/strong>, utilis\u00e9e lors de la campagne d\u2019Obama, est parodi\u00e9e pour faire r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 l\u2019actualit\u00e9 am\u00e9ricaine sur le scandale introduit par notre cher Edward Snowden. Le \u201c<em>Yes we can<\/em>\u201d<em> <\/em>de Barack Obama est modifi\u00e9 en \u201c<em>Yes we scan<\/em>\u201d. Subtil\u2026 Des symboles du livre <em>1984<\/em> de George Orwell sont aussi pr\u00e9sents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce mouvement a eu pour r\u00e9action d\u2019<strong>am\u00e9liorer les mesures techniques pour prot\u00e9ger les utilisateurs et leur vie priv\u00e9e<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Internet<\/span> est tr\u00e8s clairement <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">plus s\u00e9curis\u00e9 aujourd\u2019hui<\/span> qu\u2019il ne l\u2019\u00e9tait en <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">2013<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Edward Snowden<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Lanceur d&rsquo;alerte<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"aux-etats-unis\">Aux \u00c9tats-Unis \ud83d\uddfd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans le pays est adopt\u00e9e une <strong>loi qui modifie les programmes de surveillance<\/strong> parce que la cour de justice les a d\u00e9clar\u00e9s tout simplement <strong>ill\u00e9gaux<\/strong>. Il \u00e9tait temps\u2026 Mais sur le papier, <strong>la majorit\u00e9 sont toujours op\u00e9rationnels<\/strong> bien qu\u2019ils aient \u00e9t\u00e9 \u201cr\u00e9\u00e9valu\u00e9s\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Garde bien en t\u00eate que les \u00c9tats-Unis ont choisi de ma\u00eetriser ces donn\u00e9es parce que <strong>la ma\u00eetrise de la connaissance est un v\u00e9ritable enjeu g\u00e9opolitique. <\/strong>Divers moyens de surveillance sont mis en \u0153uvre pour <strong>collecter des informations<\/strong>, qu\u2019elles soient l\u00e9gales ou ill\u00e9gales. Les moyens de communication modernes sont une cl\u00e9 pour \u00e7a. \ud83e\udd33<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019espionnage est aussi utilis\u00e9 pour <strong>accro\u00eetre sa puissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong> : la NSA espionnait Airbus pour conna\u00eetre leurs m\u00e9thodes de production. Mais c\u2019est \u00e9videmment une <strong>source de tension entre les \u00c9tats<\/strong>. Au cours de la Guerre froide, les \u00c9tats-Unis et l\u2019URSS ont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 des moyens d\u2019espionnage de plus en plus performants pour se surveiller.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"a-linternational\">\u00c0 l\u2019international \ud83c\udf0d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Certains pays<\/strong>, comme l\u2019Allemagne par exemple, <strong>ont v\u00e9rifi\u00e9 les agissements de leurs propres agences de renseignement<\/strong> pour ne pas subir la m\u00eame honte. On sent un l\u00e9ger doute dans l\u2019air. Ils n\u2019ont rien eu \u00e0 d\u00e9clarer, ou alors ils l\u2019ont bien cach\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par la suite, le <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/R%C3%A8glement_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral_sur_la_protection_des_donn%C3%A9es\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">r\u00e8glement g\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la protection des donn\u00e9es (RGPD)<\/a><\/strong> est entr\u00e9 en application en 2018 en Europe. Il donne aux r\u00e9sidents europ\u00e9ens le <strong>contr\u00f4le de leurs donn\u00e9es personnelles et les prot\u00e8ge<\/strong>. Concr\u00e8tement, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette mesure, <strong>tu peux demander \u00e0 voir les informations que n\u2019importe quelle entreprise d\u00e9tient sur toi et lui demander de les supprimer<\/strong>\u202f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Car oui, <strong>nous laissons beaucoup d\u2019informations nous concernant sur internet<\/strong> : identit\u00e9, photos, opinions, g\u00e9olocalisation\u2026 Et <strong>ces donn\u00e9es sont utilis\u00e9es<\/strong> par des organismes. Avec le RGPD, ces derniers doivent donc \u00eatre plus <strong>transparents sur l\u2019utilisation de ces donn\u00e9es<\/strong> et devront les consigner dans un registre. Les entreprises doivent suivre <strong>plusieurs \u00e9tapes pour s\u2019adapter au RGPD<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Nommer un <strong>d\u00e9l\u00e9gu\u00e9 \u00e0 la protection des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire un registre des traitements des donn\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire le <strong>tri des donn\u00e9es<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Respecter les droits<\/strong> des personnes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Analyser les risques<\/strong> qui pourraient nuire \u00e0 une bonne protection<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>En France, la <strong>Commission Nationale de l\u2019Informatique et des Libert\u00e9s<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnil.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">CNIL<\/a>) a pour objectif d\u2019<strong>aider et d\u2019assurer la mise en place du RGPD<\/strong>. C\u2019est un peu le gendarme qui v\u00e9rifie que tout se passe bien. Si une entreprise ne se conforme pas \u00e0 ce r\u00e8glement, elle encourt une <strong>amende importante<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus, ce r\u00e8glement vient tout juste de f\u00eater ces <strong>4 ans<\/strong> de mise en place (25 mai 2018)\u202f! Son bilan est de 1, 55 milliards d\u2019euros d\u2019amendes cumul\u00e9es, ce qui veut dire qu\u2019il y a encore du progr\u00e8s \u00e0 faire au niveau des entreprises !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"au-niveau-culturel\">Au niveau culturel \ud83c\udfac<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019affaire Snowden est <strong>sc\u00e9naris\u00e9e en film par l\u2019am\u00e9ricaine Laura Poitras<\/strong> qu\u2019il avait inform\u00e9 en premi\u00e8re avec Glenn Grennwald. Le documentaire est <strong>sorti en salle en 2014<\/strong> et se nomme <strong><em>Citizenfour<\/em><\/strong>. On te conseille vraiment de le regarder, parce qu\u2019<strong>Edward Snowden est lui-m\u00eame interview\u00e9<\/strong> dans le film et l\u2019on comprend vraiment en d\u00e9tails les <strong>raisons de son passage \u00e0 l\u2019acte<\/strong>. En plus, le film a re\u00e7u l\u2019Oscar du meilleur documentaire en 2015, donc on pense que c\u2019est une bonne raison d\u2019y jeter un \u0153il ! \ud83d\udc40<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><!-- wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n<p>Pourquoi a-t-il choisi cette r\u00e9alisatrice pour la mettre dans le secret ?<\/p>\n<p>Laura Poitras d\u00e9nonce les travers du gouvernement des \u00c9tats-Unis avec une trilogie. Le premier volet, <em>My Country, My Country<\/em>, parle de l\u2019occupation am\u00e9ricaine en Irak et le second traite de la base navale de la baie de Guant\u00e1namo, <em>The Oath<\/em>. Le documentaire sur Edward Snowden vient compl\u00e9ter le tout !<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Un peu plus tard, en <strong>2016<\/strong>, un second film, <strong><em>Snowden<\/em><\/strong>, fait son apparition par le grand <strong>Oliver Stone<\/strong>. Plus r\u00e9cemment, Edward Snowden a publi\u00e9 son <strong>autobiographie<\/strong> qui retrace sa vie et les raisons qui l\u2019ont pouss\u00e9 \u00e0 faire ce qu\u2019il a fait. Le livre est sorti le 17 septembre 2019, le jour c\u00e9l\u00e9brant la Constitution aux \u00c9tats-Unis. Provocateur jusqu\u2019au bout\u2026 Le livre s\u2019est tout de m\u00eame vendu \u00e0 plus de 70 000 exemplaires en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si l\u2019univers des services secrets, \u00e7a te passionne, tu peux te renseigner plus en d\u00e9tail sur <strong>Julian Assange<\/strong> qui fonde en 2006 <strong>Wikileaks<\/strong>, un site internet qui publie des documents classifi\u00e9s provenant de sources anonymes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il y a aussi la s\u00e9rie dramatique <strong><em>Le Bureau des l\u00e9gendes<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>sur Canal+ qui s\u2019int\u00e9resse plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment aux <strong>agents du renseignement ext\u00e9rieur fran\u00e7ais<\/strong>. Super sympa \u00e0 regarder ! \ud83d\ude42<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0, on esp\u00e8re vraiment que ce r\u00e9sum\u00e9 de l\u2019affaire a pu t\u2019\u00e9clairer sur cette histoire qui a fait le tour du monde !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;227819&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;44&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4\\\/5 - (44 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;L\u2019affaire Snowden et ses cons\u00e9quences sur le traitement de l\u2019information \ud83d\udd13&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;113.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 113.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4\/5 - (44 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Au programme de ta sp\u00e9 HGGSP en Terminale, tu dois traiter de la th\u00e9matique de l\u2019enjeu de la (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":316,"featured_media":227847,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,823],"tag":[383,375],"class_list":["post-227819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-geopolitique-2","tag-etats-unis","tag-politique"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/316"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=227819"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/227819\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/227847"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=227819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=227819"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=227819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}