{"id":226041,"date":"2022-05-16T17:55:52","date_gmt":"2022-05-16T15:55:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=226041"},"modified":"2024-04-15T14:00:23","modified_gmt":"2024-04-15T12:00:23","slug":"les-grands-courants-de-la-pensee-economique","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-grands-courants-de-la-pensee-economique\/","title":{"rendered":"Les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique expliqu\u00e9s \ud83d\udcb0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La connaissance des diff\u00e9rents courants est la cl\u00e9 pour comprendre au mieux l\u2019histoire de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique ! \ud83d\udd11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comprendre les enjeux et les id\u00e9es de chaque courant de pens\u00e9e va t\u2019aider \u00e0 construire plus facilement ta r\u00e9flexion. Tu pourras m\u00eame t\u2019en servir dans l\u2019intro pour poser le contexte. C\u2019est super pertinent et ton correcteur va vraiment adorer\u202f! Let\u2019s go \ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>Si tu as aussi du mal pour les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux\/\">grands courants litt\u00e9raires<\/a>, vas voir cet article ! \ud83d\udc46<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le courant lib\u00e9ral &amp; Adam Smith<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd35 <strong>Adam Smith<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1723-1790<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ouvrage principal : <strong><em>Recherche sur la nature et les causes de la richesse des nations<\/em><\/strong><em> <\/em>(1776)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contexte d\u2019\u00e9criture : <strong>r\u00e9volution industrielle anglaise<\/strong> (1760-1840)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce qu\u2019il kiffe : le <strong>libre-\u00e9change<\/strong>, la <strong>division du travail<\/strong>, le <strong>principe de management<\/strong> et le <strong>lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Tu noteras qu\u2019Adam Smith est le <strong>prem\u2019s \u00e0 fournir un ouvrage avec des m\u00e9thodes rigoureuses d\u2019\u00e9conomie <\/strong>: on l\u2019appelle m\u00eame \u201c le <strong>p\u00e8re fondateur de l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong> \u201d, rien que \u00e7a\u202f!<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La \u00ab\u00a0main invisible\u00a0\u00bb \u270b<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/l3V0IeCl16wPF9Kqk\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Que veut dire cette fameuse expression ? \ud83e\uddd0<\/h4>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>L\u2019<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">individu<\/span> est conduit par une <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">main invisible<\/span> \u00e0 remplir une <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">fin<\/span> qui n\u2019entre nullement dans ses <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">intentions<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Adam Smith<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">Philosophe et \u00e9conomiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Selon lui, en fait, <strong>le march\u00e9 fonctionne gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces mains invisibles<\/strong>\u202f! Il se construit avec une multitude d\u2019interactions, <strong>sans que l\u2019\u00c9tat ait besoin d\u2019agir<\/strong>. Les <strong>travailleurs agissent ind\u00e9pendamment de leur propre volont\u00e9<\/strong> : ils satisfont les consommateurs, dynamisent le commerce, accroissent la richesse sans m\u00eame sans rendre compte\u202f! <strong>Le travailleur cherche seulement<\/strong>, dans son propre int\u00e9r\u00eat, <strong>\u00e0 gagner son pain<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela introduit une autre id\u00e9e importante : celle de l\u2019<strong>individualisme<\/strong>. Les agents \u00e9conomiques recherchent leur int\u00e9r\u00eat perso et le producteur cherche un max de profit. Tout le monde s\u2019y retrouve ! La richesse profite \u00e0 tous, et pas uniquement \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat, et \u00e7a, c\u2019est sympa ! \ud83d\udcb8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La libert\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et le libre-\u00e9change<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c9videmment, <strong>qui dit lib\u00e9ralisme dit libert\u00e9 \u00e9conomique et libre-\u00e9change<\/strong>, tout est dans le titre ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9conomie se veut <strong>libre de tout contr\u00f4le de la part de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/strong>. Ce dernier n&rsquo;a comme r\u00f4le seulement de <strong>garantir ces libert\u00e9s<\/strong>. Cette id\u00e9e est l\u2019une des principales du courant lib\u00e9ral !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #ff0000\">Laissez<\/span> faire, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">laissez<\/span> passer, le monde va <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">de lui-m\u00eame<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Vincent de Gournay<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9conomiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>d\u00e9fense du libre-\u00e9change<\/strong> est port\u00e9e par les lib\u00e9raux. Adam d\u00e9fend la <strong>th\u00e9orie de l\u2019avantage absolu<\/strong>. <strong>Chaque pays<\/strong> (pour avoir de bons \u00e9changes) <strong>doit se sp\u00e9cialiser dans un secteur particulier<\/strong> et doit laisser les autres pays faire pareil. Tout le monde est gagnant : le pays exporte sa sp\u00e9cialit\u00e9 et importe celle des autres ! \ud83d\ude9a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Par exemple, la <strong>France est sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9e dans l\u2019automobile<\/strong> (merci Peugeot et Citro\u00ebn) <strong>et la chimie<\/strong>. Oui, oui, baguette\u202f! Elle vend ses avantages aux pays alentours, et importe du fer au Lib\u00e9ria et des produits pharmaceutiques \u00e0 l\u2019Allemagne.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bon, cet avantage est absolu dans une certaine mesure puisque des pays peuvent avoir de nombreux avantages, alors que d\u2019autres, pas du tout\u2026 \ud83d\ude44<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019\u00e9quilibre \u00e9conomique naturel \u2696<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les march\u00e9s sont <strong>autor\u00e9gul\u00e9s<\/strong>. L\u2019\u00e9quilibre est <strong>garanti par l\u2019offre et la demande<\/strong>. La coordination des actions se fait de mani\u00e8re <strong>parfaite<\/strong> entre les acteurs \u00e9conomiques. Tant et si bien que cela conduit \u00e0 la meilleure des situations possibles\u202f! Le monde parfait ! \ud83c\udf08<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019as bien compris, avec l\u2019autor\u00e9gulation et la libert\u00e9 \u00e9conomique, l\u2019\u00c9tat est peinard !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les sous-courants lib\u00e9raux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si Adam fait partie du courant de pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique lib\u00e9ral <em>classique<\/em>, il en existe d\u2019autres. Ben oui, pourquoi faire simple quand on peut faire compliqu\u00e9 ? On t\u2019explique ! \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il existe donc en premier lieu, le <strong>courant lib\u00e9ral classique (1776-1848)<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Acteurs principaux :<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/adam-smith\/\">Adam Smith<\/a>, David Ricardo, Jean-Baptiste Say<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270a Les classiques, comme l\u2019est notre tr\u00e8s cher Adam, d\u00e9fendent le <strong>libre-\u00e9change<\/strong> et le <strong>lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9co<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb Ils s\u2019appuient sur 3 grandes th\u00e9ories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>valeur travail<\/strong> : chaque <strong>travail<\/strong> cr\u00e9e de la <strong>richesse<\/strong> et donne une <strong>valeur<\/strong> \u00e0 un bien.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>classe sociale<\/strong> : la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 est divis\u00e9e en <strong>3 classes<\/strong> : celle du propri\u00e9taire terrien qui vit gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 sa <strong>rente<\/strong> (son loyer per\u00e7u), celle qui vit gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 son <strong>salaire<\/strong> et celle qui vit gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ses <strong>profits<\/strong>. Ceux qui ne vivent de rien sont les grands oubli\u00e9s du syst\u00e8me\u2026<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>lib\u00e9ralisme \u00e9conomique<\/strong> : syst\u00e8me \u00e9co o\u00f9 les agents \u00e9co ont la <strong>libert\u00e9 de vendre et d\u2019acheter<\/strong> des biens, services et capitaux.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>Ensuite, on voit se d\u00e9velopper le <strong>courant lib\u00e9ral n\u00e9oclassique (\u00e0 partir de 1870)<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Acteurs principaux :<\/strong> L\u00e9on Walras, Alfred Marshall, Arthur Cecil Pigou<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270a Les n\u00e9oclassiques d\u00e9fendent un syst\u00e8me o\u00f9 le <strong>march\u00e9 est le mode de r\u00e9gulation le plus optimal<\/strong> avec une <strong>approche micro\u00e9conomique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb Ils s\u2019appuient sur 3 grandes th\u00e9ories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>valeur utilit\u00e9<\/strong> : la <strong>formation des prix<\/strong> est li\u00e9e \u00e0 l\u2019<strong>utilit\u00e9<\/strong> que les consommateurs retirent des biens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019<strong>approche micro\u00e9conomique<\/strong> : <strong>observation et analyse des interactions<\/strong> \u00e0 <strong>petite \u00e9chelle<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019<strong>\u00e9quilibre<\/strong> : un \u00e9quilibre se fait naturellement en fonction de l\u2019<strong>offre<\/strong> et de la <strong>demande<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"3\">\n<li>Enfin, le <strong>courant n\u00e9olib\u00e9ral<\/strong> fait son apparition (\u00e0 partir de <strong>1900<\/strong>) :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Acteurs principaux :<\/strong> Friedrich Hayek, Milton Friedman, Gary Becker<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270a Les n\u00e9olib\u00e9raux d\u00e9montrent l\u2019<strong>inefficacit\u00e9 des politiques macro\u00e9conomiques<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb Ils s\u2019appuient sur 3 grandes th\u00e9ories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La <strong>d\u00e9nonciation du poids de l\u2019\u00c9tat-providence<\/strong> : <strong>accroissement des interventions publiques<\/strong> dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019<strong>\u00e9conomie de march\u00e9<\/strong> : syst\u00e8me \u00e9co o\u00f9 les <strong>d\u00e9cisions<\/strong> sont prises en fonction de l\u2019<strong>offre<\/strong> et de la <strong>demande<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>d\u00e9r\u00e9gulation du march\u00e9<\/strong> : les march\u00e9s se <strong>r\u00e9gulent tout seul<\/strong> par les <strong>lois du march\u00e9<\/strong> et le jeu de la <strong>concu<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>On esp\u00e8re ne pas t&rsquo;avoir perdu jusqu&rsquo;ici, auquel cas tu peux approfondir ta compr\u00e9hension des th\u00e9ories d&rsquo;Adam Smith avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/economie\">cours particulier d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie <\/a>et briller dans tes dissertations \ud83c\udf1f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9jb3Vycy9lY29ub21pZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Economie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emma2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Dauphine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">15\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS GRATUIT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le courant marxiste &amp; Karl Marx<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique, chapitre 2 : c\u2019est le marxisme\u202f! On t\u2019en dit plus sur ce monsieur \u00e0 la grosse barbe !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd35 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/karl-marx-idees-heritage\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/karl-marx-idees-heritage\/\">Karl Marx<\/a><\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1818-1883<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ouvrages principaux : <strong><em>Manifeste du parti communiste<\/em><\/strong> (1848) &amp; <strong><em>Le Capital<\/em><\/strong> (1867)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contexte d\u2019\u00e9criture : <strong>p\u00e9riode de critiques concernant l\u2019\u00e9cole classique<\/strong> (\u00e0 partir de 1840)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce qu\u2019il kiffe : le <strong>socialisme<\/strong>, le <strong>communisme<\/strong> et la <strong>lutte des classes<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/friedrich-engels\/\"><strong>Friedrich Engels<\/strong><\/a> est le <strong>co-auteur<\/strong> du <em>Manifeste du parti communiste<\/em>. C\u2019est lui qui <strong>s\u2019occupe de la publication posthume<\/strong> des livres 2, 3 et 4 <strong>du <\/strong><strong><em>Capital<\/em><\/strong> de Karl Marx.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La lutte des classes \u26a1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On ne pouvait pas te parler de Karl sans aborder la <strong>lutte des classes<\/strong>\u202f! L\u2019\u00e9conomiste t\u2019explique qu\u2019il distingue <strong>2 classes qui s\u2019opposent<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>le <strong>prol\u00e9tariat<\/strong> (ou la classe laborieuse) est <strong>domin\u00e9<\/strong>. C\u2019est la classe ouvri\u00e8re qui ne <strong>poss\u00e8de que sa force de travail<\/strong> (ses dix doigts et son savoir-faire) <strong>qu\u2019elle loue aux bourgeois contre des revenus<\/strong>. \ud83d\udc77\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>la <strong>bourgeoisie<\/strong> (ou aristocratie terrienne) est <strong>dominante<\/strong>. C\u2019est la classe bourgeoise qui poss\u00e8de les moyens de production pour produire des richesses. C\u2019est cette minorit\u00e9 qui a le pouvoir de d\u00e9cision. \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbc<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/LCdPNT81vlv3y\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Les bourgeois pendant que les prol\u00e9taires travaillent<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Pour changer ce syst\u00e8me, Karl Marx ne voit qu\u2019un seul moyen : le <strong>conflit<\/strong>. Il enclenche le changement social avec plus d\u2019\u00e9galit\u00e9 et moins de domination ! \u270a<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Comment fait-il pour <strong>d\u00e9finir une classe<\/strong> ?<\/p>\n<p><!-- \/wp:paragraph --> <!-- wp:list --><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>la <strong>conscience<\/strong> de classe,<\/li>\n<li>les <strong>int\u00e9r\u00eats<\/strong> oppos\u00e9s,<\/li>\n<li>la <strong>place<\/strong> qu\u2019elle occupe dans le processus de production.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Le <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">capitalisme<\/span>, c\u2019est l\u2019<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">exploitation<\/span> de l\u2019Homme par l\u2019Homme, et le <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">marxisme<\/span>, c\u2019est le <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">contraire<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Henri Jeanson<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9crivain, journaliste et sc\u00e9nariste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Ceux qui occupent une <strong>place faible<\/strong> dans le processus de production (du coup les prol\u00e9taires si tu as bien suivi) sont <strong>stigmatis\u00e9s<\/strong> par le syst\u00e8me capitaliste selon l\u2019\u00e9conomiste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La plus-value et le surtravail<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les prol\u00e9taires, bien que stigmatis\u00e9s, <strong>permettent \u00e0 une entreprise de faire de la plus-value<\/strong>, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire du profit\u202f! <em>Money, money, money !<\/em> Dis-nous merci si tu as la musique d\u2019Abba dans la t\u00eate ! \ud83d\ude43<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais <strong>comment est cr\u00e9\u00e9 ce profit<\/strong> ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le <strong>travail est la source exclusive de la cr\u00e9ation de richesse<\/strong> selon Karl Marx. Le <strong>b\u00e9n\u00e9fice<\/strong> produit par les entreprises est donc la <strong>cause d\u2019un surtravail<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd0e Par exemple, si un travailleur produit une montre \u00e0 100\u2009\u20ac. Comme le travail est la seule source de b\u00e9n\u00e9fice, le travail de l\u2019employ\u00e9 vaut 100\u2009\u20ac. Pourtant, son patron ne le paye que 80\u2009\u20ac par montre et garde 20\u2009\u20ac. Ces 20 \u20ac sont le surtravail que critique Karl Marx dans le capitalisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La baisse tendancielle du taux de profit \ud83d\udcb3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Karl Marx est en <strong>opposition avec le syst\u00e8me capitaliste<\/strong>. Pour cela, il cr\u00e9e le <strong>courant socialiste<\/strong> et ensuite le <strong>courant communiste<\/strong>. Pour lui, seul le <strong>travail vivant<\/strong> (les humains) <strong>cr\u00e9e le profit<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Karl Marx a d\u00e9couvert un <strong>travers de ses concurrents capitalistes<\/strong> qui cherchent sans cesse le profit : l\u2019\u00e9volution de leur \u00e9conomie a tendance \u00e0 faire <strong>baisser le taux de profit<\/strong>. Assez contradictoire ! \ud83e\udd14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les capitalistes d\u00e9cident d\u2019<strong>augmenter la productivit\u00e9 des entreprises en rempla\u00e7ant les travailleurs par des moyens de production<\/strong> (les machines). Oui, les machines sont certes plus rapides que les humains !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais comme le b\u00e9n\u00e9fice d\u2019une entreprise, c&rsquo;est\u2026 le surtravail\u202f! Bravo, si tu as la bonne r\u00e9ponse, c\u2019est que tu as suivi\u202f! Les <strong>machines<\/strong> sont du <strong>travail mort<\/strong> qui ne permettent pas directement d\u2019en tirer un profit. Seuls les Hommes en sont capables. \ud83d\udcaa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019<strong>\u00e9change des humains contre des machines<\/strong> est donc une <strong>tr\u00e8s mauvaise id\u00e9e<\/strong> selon Karl Marx. Cela fait <strong>diminuer le taux de profit<\/strong> des entreprises.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9jb3Vycy9lY29ub21pZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Economie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le courant keyn\u00e9sien &amp; John Maynard Keynes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique, chapitre 3\u202f! Parlons maintenant du keyn\u00e9sianisme, un courant de pens\u00e9e assez r\u00e9cent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udd35 <strong>John Maynard Keynes<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>1883-1946<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ouvrage principal : <strong><em>Th\u00e9orie g\u00e9n\u00e9rale de l\u2019emploi, de l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat et de la monnaie<\/em><\/strong> (1936)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Contexte d\u2019\u00e9criture : <strong>Crise des ann\u00e9es 30<\/strong> (1929-1939) et <strong>Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/strong> (1939-1945)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ce qu\u2019il kiffe : la <strong>macro\u00e9conomie<\/strong>, la <strong>consommation<\/strong> et l\u2019<strong>interventionnisme<\/strong> (et critiquer les lib\u00e9raux aussi)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>John Maynard Keynes est le premier \u00e9conomiste \u00e0 <strong>introduire une nouvelle fa\u00e7on de penser l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong> avec la <strong>macro\u00e9conomie<\/strong>. C\u2019est un <strong>raisonnement global<\/strong> qui ne prend pas seulement en compte une entreprise, \u00e0 l\u2019inverse de la micro\u00e9conomie d\u2019Adam Smith. Le keyn\u00e9sianisme est souvent qualifi\u00e9 de \u201c<strong>r\u00e9volution des sciences \u00e9conomiques<\/strong>\u201d.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>La <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">difficult\u00e9<\/span> n\u2019est pas de <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">comprendre<\/span> les <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">id\u00e9es nouvelles<\/span>, mais d\u2019<span style=\"color: #ff0000\">\u00e9chapper<\/span> aux <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">id\u00e9es anciennes<\/span>.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">John Maynard Keynes<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9conomiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019analyse macro\u00e9conomique en termes de circuits \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>John Maynard Keynes <strong>refuse de croire en une \u00e9conomie autor\u00e9gul\u00e9e<\/strong> comme l\u2019exposent les lib\u00e9raux. Pour lui, l\u2019\u00e9conomie n\u2019est pas un march\u00e9, mais c\u2019est un <strong>circuit<\/strong>. Une toute autre vision\u202f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccd Le point de d\u00e9part de ce circuit\u202f? La <strong>demande<\/strong>\u202f! Les keyn\u00e9siens pensent que la demande est l\u2019<strong>\u00e9l\u00e9ment central de la croissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais comment \u00e7a se passe quand <strong>une entreprise<\/strong> d\u00e9bute et <strong>ne connait pas sa demande<\/strong>\u202f? Elle fait des <strong>anticipations<\/strong>, des estimations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 C\u2019est ce qu\u2019on appelle la <strong>demande effective<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>loi de Say<\/strong>, ou loi des d\u00e9bouch\u00e9s, explique que <strong>toute offre cr\u00e9e sa propre demande<\/strong>. Oui, les th\u00e9ories \u00e9co ne sont jamais tr\u00e8s explicites\u202f! En fait, il veut dire par l\u00e0 qu\u2019il faut partir du principe que s&rsquo;il y a un bien, il sera <strong>forc\u00e9ment vendu<\/strong>\u202f! La consommation pour eux, c\u2019est le Graal\u202f! \ud83e\udd11<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udea8 Mais les entreprises sont souvent <strong>pessimistes<\/strong> et <strong>imaginent vendre moins que ce qu\u2019elles pourraient produire<\/strong>\u202f! Du coup, elles produisent moins. Cela <strong>cr\u00e9e du ch\u00f4mage<\/strong>, car moins de production veut dire moins de salari\u00e9s. Le revers de la m\u00e9daille\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019intervention n\u00e9cessaire de l\u2019\u00c9tat \ud83c\udfdb\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le keyn\u00e9sianisme pr\u00f4ne l\u2019<strong>interventionnisme public dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong>. L\u2019\u00c9tat a un <strong>r\u00f4le central <\/strong>: s\u2019il fait face \u00e0 une augmentation du ch\u00f4mage ou d\u2019un ralentissement \u00e9conomique, il doit mettre la main \u00e0 la poche et <strong>augmenter ses d\u00e9penses<\/strong>. Ce n\u2019est pas \u00e0 la population de payer plus d\u2019imp\u00f4ts. C\u2019est cool \u00e7a, on prend\u202f! \ud83d\udc4d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il y a alors une <strong>reprise de la production<\/strong> qui permet :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>une <strong>baisse du taux de ch\u00f4mage<\/strong>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>une <strong>relance de l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 On appelle cette th\u00e9orie le <strong>multiplicateur keyn\u00e9sien<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9tat est le seul \u00e0 avoir le <strong>superpouvoir de sortir l\u2019\u00e9conomie des p\u00e9riodes o\u00f9 \u00e7a va mal<\/strong>. \ud83e\uddb8\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/fdYdswEaSUacrwUBQx\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019\u00e9quilibre de sous-emploi \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udcbc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <strong>ch\u00f4mage<\/strong>, m\u00eame involontaire, est une <strong>situation normale du circuit \u00e0 court terme<\/strong>. Pas tr\u00e8s rassurant\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le sous-emploi arrive \u00e0 cause de la <strong>demande effective<\/strong>, comme dit plus haut\u202f!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour <strong>lutter<\/strong> contre cela, notre cher John a une <strong>strat\u00e9gie d\u2019enfer<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Il <strong>relance<\/strong> la <strong>consommation des m\u00e9nages<\/strong> et l\u2019<strong>investissement des entreprises<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les entreprises auront ainsi <strong>plus de biens ou de services \u00e0 produire<\/strong> et <strong>embaucheront plus<\/strong>. \u2795<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu veux mieux comprendre la crise des ann\u00e9es 30 et le keyn\u00e9sianisme, tu peux toujours faire appel \u00e0 l&rsquo;un de nos <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/economie\/online\">professeurs en \u00e9conomie en ligne<\/a> pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 contextualiser et enrichir tes r\u00e9visions \ud83d\udcbc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les sous-courants keyn\u00e9siens<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le keyn\u00e9sianisme a beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res d\u00e9cennies pour \u00e9voluer en sous-courants. On essaye de d\u00e9crypter \u00e7a ! \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le <strong>post-keyn\u00e9sianisme (\u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1930)<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 <strong>Acteurs principaux :<\/strong> Nicholas Kaldor, Paul Davidson, Sidney Weintraub<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270a Les post-keyn\u00e9siens d\u00e9fendent la <strong>monnaie<\/strong>, l\u2019<strong>inflation<\/strong> et le <strong>d\u00e9ficit public<\/strong> possible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb Ils s\u2019appuient sur 3 grandes th\u00e9ories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les <strong>politiques structurelles<\/strong> : la <strong>libert\u00e9 des agents \u00e9conomiques est limit\u00e9e<\/strong> pour ne pas avoir une <strong>\u00e9conomie trop instable<\/strong> et qui n\u2019est pas contr\u00f4l\u00e9e.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>monnaie est l\u2019actif privil\u00e9gi\u00e9<\/strong> : la monnaie est <strong>indispensable pour l\u2019\u00e9conomie<\/strong> puisqu\u2019elle <strong>permet aux m\u00e9nages de consommer<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019<strong>encadrement n\u00e9cessaire du capitalisme<\/strong> : le capitalisme est un syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique qui <strong>ne fonctionne que sous le contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" start=\"2\">\n<li>Le <strong>n\u00e9okeyn\u00e9sianisme (\u00e0 partir des ann\u00e9es 1970)<\/strong> :<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83e\udde0 Acteurs principaux : Robert Solow, Robert Mundell, Joseph Stiglitz<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u270a Les n\u00e9o-keyn\u00e9siens d\u00e9fendent la <strong>macro\u00e9conomie<\/strong>, la <strong>croissance<\/strong> et l\u2019<strong>\u00e9conomie industrielle<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udccb Ils s\u2019appuient sur 3 grandes th\u00e9ories :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019<strong>influence de la th\u00e9orie des d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres<\/strong> : possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019<strong>allier<\/strong> un <strong>ch\u00f4mage keyn\u00e9sien<\/strong> avec un <strong>ch\u00f4mage classique<\/strong> pour un <strong>ch\u00f4mage involontairement prolong\u00e9<\/strong>. Il produit une <strong>crise avec des prix rigides<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019<strong>importance des asym\u00e9tries d\u2019information sur le march\u00e9<\/strong> : situation o\u00f9 <strong>tous les participants du march\u00e9 n\u2019ont pas les m\u00eames infos<\/strong>. Tu sais, c&rsquo;est un peu pareil quand tu demandes l\u2019\u00e9nonc\u00e9 d\u2019un exercice \u00e0 ton pote qui n\u2019\u00e9coute rien. Cela conduit \u00e0 des <strong>sur-paiements <\/strong>en \u00e9conomie et \u00e0 une mauvaise note pour toi qui n\u2019as pas le bon \u00e9nonc\u00e9\u202f!<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>rigidit\u00e9 sur le march\u00e9 des biens et services<\/strong> : <strong>remise en cause de la loi de l\u2019offre et de la demande<\/strong> pour expliquer la rigidit\u00e9 des prix.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D&rsquo;ailleurs si \u00e7a t&rsquo;int\u00e9resse, notre blog rec\u00e8le d&rsquo;articles p\u00e9pites en <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-matiere\/ses-economie-esh\/\">\u00e9conomie<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tableau comparatif des 3 courants de pens\u00e9e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-1028\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-1028\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\"><\/th><th class=\"column-2\">Lib\u00e9ralisme<\/th><th class=\"column-3\">Marxisme<\/th><th class=\"column-4\">Keyn\u00e9sianisme<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Acteur principal<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Adam Smith<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Karl Marx<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">John Maynard Keynes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Dates<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">XVII - XVIII\u1d49 si\u00e8cles<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c0 partir du XIX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">\u00c0 partir du XX\u1d49 si\u00e8cle<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Aime<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Libert\u00e9, responsabilit\u00e9, propri\u00e9t\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Lutte des classes, propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective, d\u00e9mocratique<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Intervention de l\u2019\u00c9tat, demande, emploi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Ennemi<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">L\u00e9gitimit\u00e9 et efficacit\u00e9 de l\u2019action \u00e9tendue de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Patriarcat, in\u00e9galit\u00e9s sociales, capitalisme<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">\u00c9pargne, lib\u00e9ralisme, micro\u00e9conomie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Micro ou macro ?<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Micro\u00e9conomie<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Micro\u00e9conomie<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Macro\u00e9conomie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-7\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">\u00c9conomie de march\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c9conomie socialiste<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">\u00c9conomie mixte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-8\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">R\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Lib\u00e9ralisme : \u00e9conomie de march\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Intervention : politique de relance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-9\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">R\u00e9gime de propri\u00e9t\u00e9 des moyens de production<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 priv\u00e9e<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 collective<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">Propri\u00e9t\u00e9 mixte essentiellement priv\u00e9e mais aussi publique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-10\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">M\u00e9canisme de r\u00e9gulation entre l\u2019offre et la demande<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Prix<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Prix et volume produit<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">R\u00e9gulation normale ou par la politique \u00e9conomique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-11\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Instance de r\u00e9gulation<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">March\u00e9<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">\u00c9tat<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">March\u00e9 et \u00c9tat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-12\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Gestion d\u2019une crise \u00e9conomique<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Le ralentissement ou l\u2019acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration<\/td><td class=\"column-3\">Il ne peut pas y avoir de crise car l\u2019\u00c9tat d\u00e9finit par avance la production<\/td><td class=\"column-4\">L\u2019\u00c9tat augmente sa dette publique et accro\u00eet la demande aux entreprises<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-1028 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0, on esp\u00e8re avoir \u00e9clair\u00e9 ta lanterne sur les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique et leurs histoires\u202f! \u00c9videmment, il en existe d\u2019autres, mais on t\u2019a parl\u00e9 des principaux \u00e0 conna\u00eetre\u202f! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Bon courage pour tes r\u00e9visions ! \u2728 <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;226041&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;63&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.1&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.1\\\/5 - (63 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Les grands courants de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique expliqu\u00e9s \ud83d\udcb0&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;116.4&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 116.4px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.1\/5 - (63 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La connaissance des diff\u00e9rents courants est la cl\u00e9 pour comprendre au mieux l\u2019histoire de la pens\u00e9e \u00e9conomique ! (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":316,"featured_media":226092,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,826],"tag":[770,79],"class_list":["post-226041","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-ses-economie-esh","tag-fiche-revision","tag-lycee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226041","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/316"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=226041"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/226041\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/226092"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=226041"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=226041"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=226041"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}