{"id":218679,"date":"2022-03-28T16:10:27","date_gmt":"2022-03-28T14:10:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=218679"},"modified":"2024-08-28T22:52:27","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T20:52:27","slug":"cours-la-metropolisation-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/cours-la-metropolisation-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"Comprendre la M\u00e9tropolisation en France \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>Tu ne peux pas y \u00e9chapper : pendant ton ann\u00e9e de premi\u00e8re, tu aborderas un <strong>chapitre sur les <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/carte-des-metropoles-mondiales\/\"><strong>grandes m\u00e9tropoles du monde<\/strong><\/a><strong> <\/strong>en histoire-g\u00e9ographie.<strong> <\/strong>Tu dois donc le savoir,<strong> Paris et Lille en font partie !<\/strong> Si c\u2019est au programme, ce n\u2019est pas pour rien. Conna\u00eetre les m\u00e9tropoles de ton propre pays est essentiel, et au bac, il te sera demand\u00e9 de<strong> r\u00e9aliser une carte ou un croquis<\/strong>. Voici donc un petit rappel de cours pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 mieux ma\u00eetriser la notion de<strong> m\u00e9tropolisation en France<\/strong> \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toujours aussi difficile de ma\u00eetriser la m\u00e9tropolisation et ses impacts ? Un <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/geographie\">cours de soutien scolaire en g\u00e9ographie<\/a><\/strong> peut t&rsquo;ouvrir de nouveaux horizons. \ud83c\udf0d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">C&rsquo;est quoi, la m\u00e9tropolisation ? \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On parle de m\u00e9tropolisation pour <strong>d\u00e9finir tout ce qui concerne l\u2019ensemble des \u00e9l\u00e9ments qui composent le territoire urbain d\u2019une m\u00e9tropole.<\/strong> Cela peut \u00eatre des fonctions <strong>politiques, \u00e9conomiques, ou culturelles. <\/strong>Ces fonctions traduisent la mondialisation puisqu\u2019elles <strong>permettent les relations \u00e0 travers les villes et le monde.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Le savais-tu ? <strong>\ud83d\udca1<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Ce ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne remonte \u00e0 la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XXe si\u00e8cle. Il d\u00e9bute aux \u00c9tats-Unis avant d\u2019atteindre l\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Une m\u00e9tropole,<\/strong> c\u2019est donc une agglom\u00e9ration urbaine qui poss\u00e8de des fonctions de commandement et qui exerce une influence sur le territoire.&nbsp;Elle est l\u2019une des<strong> villes les plus importantes d\u2019une r\u00e9gion ou d\u2019un pays<\/strong> et y concentre souvent la population, les activit\u00e9s \u00e9conomiques et les foyers d\u2019innovations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Par quoi se traduit la m\u00e9tropolisation de la France ? &nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La ville de Paris \ud83d\uddfc<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En France, le <strong>d\u00e9veloppement de la m\u00e9tropolisation<\/strong> se concentre \u00e9videmment au <strong>c\u0153ur de la capitale<\/strong>, dans la r\u00e9gion d\u2019\u00cele-de-France, \u00e0 Paris.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela se traduit d\u2019abord par son <strong>d\u00e9veloppement disproportionn\u00e9 <\/strong>par rapport aux autres m\u00e9tropoles. Il y a d&rsquo;abord une forte concentration de la population, et aussi tous les effets qui sont dus \u00e0 la m\u00e9tropolisation comme la gentrification ou l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>En effet, <strong>Paris occupe une place pr\u00e9pond\u00e9rante dans le territoire puisqu\u2019elle concentre 18 % de la population.<\/strong> La capitale est donc la commune la plus peupl\u00e9e de France avec 2.165 millions d\u2019habitants en 2022.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>En tant que capitale, elle accueille des institutions fran\u00e7aises et internationales comme <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.unesco.org\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">l\u2019Unesco<\/a> ou le si\u00e8ge de l\u2019OCDE. Elle concentre \u00e9galement 31% du PIB national. <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/8P1oO2JbrZK2uSYnL6\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cette m\u00e9tropole d\u00e9tient :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Des fonctions de commandement,<\/strong> notamment par le quartier des ambassades ou des minist\u00e8res, si\u00e8ges d\u2019institutions politiques nationales.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Des fonctions culturelles<\/strong> comme l\u2019Op\u00e9ra Bastille, l\u2019op\u00e9ra Garnier ou encore la Tour Eiffel qui est au c\u0153ur de l\u2019attractivit\u00e9. \ud83e\udd35\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2640\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Des fonctions de cr\u00e9ations artistiques et d\u2019\u00e9v\u00e9nements culturels<\/strong> comme la r\u00e9ception des Jeux Olympiques pr\u00e9vue pour 2024.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Des fonctions \u00e9conomiques<\/strong> par le quartier des affaires avec la D\u00e9fense, la Bourse ou encore des si\u00e8ges sociaux d\u2019entreprises.&nbsp;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Des fonctions de communication,<\/strong> particuli\u00e8rement par les axes de transports&nbsp;des voies ferr\u00e9es ou des a\u00e9roports comme Roissy et Orly (avec 106 millions de passagers en 2018 \ud83d\udee9) mais aussi par sa fonction de Hub avec des flux mondiaux qui la traversent.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p> \ud83d\udc49Toutes ces fonctions avec des nombreux services qui se trouvent \u00e0 Paris sont des<strong> atouts pour la France <\/strong>puisqu\u2019elles se caract\u00e9risent par une <strong>tr\u00e8s grande attractivit\u00e9<\/strong> que ce soit celle des Fran\u00e7ais ou des \u00e9trangers \u00e0 toutes les \u00e9chelles.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Un sacr\u00e9 pays !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Par exemple, en 2019 Paris a enregistr\u00e9 un <strong>nouveau record avec plus de 38 millions de touristes <\/strong>avec une recette de 22 milliards d&rsquo;euros li\u00e9s \u00e0 ce secteur\u2026<strong>\u00a0\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Paris est le centre de toute la m\u00e9tropolisation de la France, mais elle fait aussi partie de la<strong> mondialisation et&nbsp; des m\u00e9tropoles mondiales<\/strong>. Elle est en effet l\u2019une des quatre villes mondiales de la plan\u00e8te avec Londres, New York et Tokyo. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les autres m\u00e9tropoles fran\u00e7aises \ud83c\udf06<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame si la m\u00e9tropolisation en France est principalement caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par Paris, <strong>d\u2019autres grandes villes fran\u00e7aises sont \u00e9galement des m\u00e9tropoles<\/strong> autour desquelles se concentrent la population.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Or, elles ne se caract\u00e9risent pas toutes de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re puisqu&rsquo;elles<strong> sont class\u00e9es selon leurs dynamiques \u00e9conomiques, d\u00e9mographiques et leurs r\u00e9seaux de transports. <\/strong>Une hi\u00e9rarchie se d\u00e9gage donc de ces crit\u00e8res:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9tropole mondiale :<\/strong> Paris<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9tropoles europ\u00e9ennes :<\/strong> Lyon, Lille et Strasbourg.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Lille devient par exemple un <strong>Hub europ\u00e9en qui est tr\u00e8s bien desservi par les autoroutes et la ligne \u00e0 grande vitesse,<\/strong> notamment avec sa courte distance de Bruxelles (35 minutes) ou encore de Londres (1h20).<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9tropoles nationales :<\/strong> Nantes, Bordeaux et Aix-Marseille.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9tropoles r\u00e9gionales<\/strong> : Rouen, Clermont-Ferrand, Dijon, Brest, Rennes, Toulouse, Montpellier, Saint-Etienne, Grenoble-Alpes, Metz, Grand Nancy, Orl\u00e9ans, Tours, Toulon, Nice.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>Les m\u00e9tropoles r\u00e9gionales se relient de mieux en mieux aux m\u00e9tropoles europ\u00e9ennes <\/strong>gr\u00e2ce au TGV : tu sais peut-\u00eatre que Bordeaux n\u2019est qu\u2019\u00e0 deux heures de Paris. L\u2019accessibilit\u00e9 de ces r\u00e9gions depuis Paris permet une <strong>croissance soutenue et renforce leur attractivit\u00e9. \ud83d\ude84<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>M\u00e9tropoles d\u2019outre-mer : <\/strong>ces territoires sont presque tous m\u00e9tropolis\u00e9s pour le profit de la m\u00e9tropole r\u00e9gionale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Elles ont un <strong>taux d\u2019urbanisation qui est tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9 comme <\/strong>\u00e0 la R\u00e9union ou en Guadeloupe ou le taux est sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 90%. C\u2019est par exemple en Nouvelle-Cal\u00e9donie que <strong>60% de la population vit dans une aire urbaine<\/strong>, de par la <strong>saturation des centres-villes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/9JgeSP0jlRAVBOG9FD\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Carte de la France et de ses m\u00e9tropoles \ud83d\uddfa<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici une carte de la <strong>France et ses diff\u00e9rentes m\u00e9tropoles<\/strong> pour mieux visualiser de quoi on parle ! <\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/03\/Metropoles_francaises_page-0001-1024x768.jpg\" alt=\"la m\u00e9tropolisation en france\" class=\"wp-image-218713\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9jb3Vycy9oaXN0b2lyZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS GRATUIT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La m\u00e9tropolisation et ses effets en France <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les espaces urbains \ud83c\udfd9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le syst\u00e8me de la m\u00e9tropolisation de la France a bien des effets sur les diff\u00e9rentes villes de France, <strong>notamment sur les espaces urbains. <\/strong>En effet, la m\u00e9tropolisation en France <strong>hi\u00e9rarchise ces espaces<\/strong>, puisqu\u2019ils s\u2019organisent autour des m\u00e9tropoles, des villes et des bourgs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 L\u2019agglom\u00e9ration s\u2019\u00e9tend<\/strong>, ce qui favorise le d\u00e9veloppement des r\u00e9seaux de transport pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins des habitants (principalement la circulation). C\u2019est pourquoi l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain s\u2019accompagne de syst\u00e8mes productifs. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Point def&rsquo; \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Ces syst\u00e8mes productifs sont un ensemble d\u2019activit\u00e9s qui produisent de la richesse par de nombreux facteurs et acteurs. Ils contribuent ainsi \u00e0 faire circuler les richesses et \u00e0 les consommer.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Il y a cependant de nombreux effets n\u00e9fastes :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les petites et moyennes villes ont du mal \u00e0 s&rsquo;affirmer face \u00e0 la m\u00e9tropolisation<\/strong>. Amiens est par exemple en difficult\u00e9 par la place qu\u2019il occupe entre les influences de Paris et de Lille.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le niveau de pollution augmente rapidement par la densit\u00e9 de population<\/strong>. Pour cause des d\u00e9chets qui sont de plus en plus importants ou encore par l&rsquo;augmentation des niveaux de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019environnement est forc\u00e9ment touch\u00e9 par les zones urbaines<\/strong>. Celles-ci augmentent leur taille et empi\u00e8tent ainsi sur les milieux naturels avec la destruction de diff\u00e9rentes zones pour construire des routes ou autres. Les populations de la faune et la flore sont aussi affect\u00e9es.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le paysage naturel se transforme en paysage urbain. <\/strong>Les for\u00eats disparaissent pour laisser place aux maisons, aux commerces ou encore aux r\u00e9seaux de transports.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus de ces effets, l\u2019\u00e9talement urbain entra\u00eene des <strong>in\u00e9galit\u00e9s socio-spatiales.<\/strong> 80 % des Fran\u00e7ais vivent dans des grandes aires urbaines comme Montpellier ou Nice. La classe moyenne, quant \u00e0 elle, recherche des logements moins chers en p\u00e9riph\u00e9rie de la ville.<strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Sauf que celle-ci conna\u00eet une <strong>gentrification importante,<\/strong> ce qui rend la <strong>mixit\u00e9 sociale plut\u00f4t difficile<\/strong> \u00e0 cause des modes de vie diff\u00e9rents.<strong> <\/strong>La<strong> r\u00e9partition de la population est donc in\u00e9gale<\/strong> en France.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Point def \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La gentrification d\u00e9signe la<strong> transformation des quartiers populaires<\/strong> suite \u00e0 l\u2019arriv\u00e9e de classes ais\u00e9es qui importent de nouveaux modes de vies et de consommation.<\/p>\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Le quartier du Marais\u00a0<\/strong>dans le 3\u00e8me arrondissement de Paris est un bon exemple, car il est \u00e0 l\u2019origine habit\u00e9 par de nombreux ouvriers et artisans. Puis les nombreuses r\u00e9novations transforment le quartier, notamment avec l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e du quartier des Halles. Et ainsi, d\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1980 le co\u00fbt de l\u2019immobilier augmente, amenant une <strong>classe sociale plus \u00e9lev\u00e9e<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcc8<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les villes fran\u00e7aises \ud83c\udfd8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les effets de la m\u00e9tropolisation sur l\u2019organisation des villes sont nombreux. <strong>L\u2019\u00e9conomie en est un puisqu\u2019il se d\u00e9veloppe \u00e0 diff\u00e9rentes \u00e9chelles<\/strong>, compte tenu de la population et des activit\u00e9s. C\u2019est le cas des petites et des moyennes villes entre 5000 et 200000 habitants qui sont importantes dans l\u2019urbanisation fran\u00e7aise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces villes sont<strong> affaiblies par cette m\u00e9tropolisation.<\/strong> Elles subissent une<strong> perte d\u2019attractivit\u00e9 et une hausse du ch\u00f4mage<\/strong>, ce qui entra\u00eene une <strong>augmentation de la pauvret\u00e9. <\/strong>Cet affaiblissement peut s\u2019accompagner par une <strong>d\u00e9sindustrialisation. \ud83d\udcc9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>Point def&rsquo; \ud83d\udca1<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>C\u2019est le fait de r\u00e9duire l\u2019industrialisation et les activit\u00e9s industrielles d\u2019un lieu au profit du secteur tertiaire et des services. C\u2019est par exemple le cas des entreprises d\u2019une r\u00e9gion qui choisissent de <strong>produire \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger<\/strong> et qui, par cons\u00e9quent, <strong>r\u00e9duisent les emplois li\u00e9s \u00e0 ces activit\u00e9s<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>C\u2019est souvent le cas des petites et moyennes villes comme Charleville-M\u00e9zi\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>M\u00eame si ces villes sont affaiblies, elles s\u2019inscrivent tout de m\u00eame dans des <strong>dynamiques territoriales gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 l\u2019attractivit\u00e9 r\u00e9sidentielle<\/strong> notamment des personnes retrait\u00e9es. \ud83c\udfe0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La ville d\u2019Avignon est par exemple tr\u00e8s touristique et favorise ainsi ce type d\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9sidentielle, mais aussi les services et les emplois.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dijon et Besan\u00e7on sont \u00e9galement des grands p\u00f4les urbains qui attirent \u00e9norm\u00e9ment les cadres et les jeunes avec une pr\u00e9sence des 18-24 ans tr\u00e8s marqu\u00e9e. Cette attractivit\u00e9 est due aux <strong>structures de formation sup\u00e9rieures tr\u00e8s qualifi\u00e9es<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9jb3Vycy90b3V0ZS1tYXRpZXJlL2ZyYW5jZS9seWNlZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPN1 Lyc\u00e9e\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Lyc\u00e9en en gal\u00e8re ? Ton premier cours est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pour aller plus loin avec la m\u00e9tropolisation en France \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour assimiler ces quelques m\u00e9tropoles de France, la bonne m\u00e9thode \u00e0 avoir est celle de<strong> t\u2019exercer sur des cartes ou sur des croquis vierges <\/strong>pour bien conna\u00eetre leur localisation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Surtout, n\u2019h\u00e9site pas \u00e0 aller voir des cartes et des chiffres concrets sur ces villes pour mieux les visualiser et les int\u00e9grer dans ton cours. Si tu veux t\u2019entrainer, tu peux trouver des jeux sur internet ou <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/flashcards-efficaces-reviser\/\">faire des flashcards efficaces<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                        <div class=\"cursor-pointer\" data-toggle=\"modal\" data-target=\"#relance-modal-Nd_iwv7UPhI\">\n                <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                    >\n                                                                             <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/comment-bien-faire-des-flashcards-les-sherpas-youtube.png\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/comment-bien-faire-des-flashcards-les-sherpas-youtube.png\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/comment-bien-faire-des-flashcards-les-sherpas-youtube.png\"\n                                    alt=\"comment bien faire des flashcards les sherpas youtube\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                        <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d&rsquo;une m\u00e9thode pour faire tes flashcards ou simplement envie de d\u00e9couvrir de quoi il s&rsquo;agit ? Voici nos meilleurs conseils \ud83d\udc47<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                <button type=\"button\"\n                                class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                            <svg>\n                                <use\n                                    xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#play\"\/>\n                            <\/svg>\n                            <span>REGARDE LA ICI <\/span>\n                        <\/button>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n            <div class=\"modal-video modal fade\" id=\"relance-modal-Nd_iwv7UPhI\" tabindex=\"-1\" aria-hidden=\"true\">\n            <div class=\"modal-dialog\">\n                <div class=\"modal-content\">\n                    <iframe\n                        src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Nd_iwv7UPhI\"\n                        title=\"YouTube video player\" frameborder=\"0\"\n                        allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture\"\n                        allowfullscreen\n                    ><\/iframe>\n                <\/div>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    \n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Tu peux \u00e9galement faire une \u00e9tude de cas sur une ville en particulier, par exemple Lyon, et te demander quels sont les <strong>\u00e9l\u00e9ments qui font que cette ville est une m\u00e9tropole <\/strong>comme nous l\u2019avons fait pour Paris juste au-dessus !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;218679&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;1&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;5\\\/5 - (1 vote)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Comprendre la M\u00e9tropolisation en France \ud83c\uddeb\ud83c\uddf7&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;142.5&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 142.5px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            5\/5 - (1 vote)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Tu ne peux pas y \u00e9chapper : pendant ton ann\u00e9e de premi\u00e8re, tu aborderas un chapitre sur les (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":218714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,822],"tag":[770,358,79],"class_list":["post-218679","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-geographie","tag-fiche-revision","tag-france","tag-lycee"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218679","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/158"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=218679"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/218679\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/218714"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=218679"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=218679"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=218679"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}