{"id":215555,"date":"2024-12-17T14:48:22","date_gmt":"2024-12-17T13:48:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/?p=215555"},"modified":"2025-01-09T15:29:21","modified_gmt":"2025-01-09T14:29:21","slug":"liberte-de-la-presse-en-france","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/liberte-de-la-presse-en-france\/","title":{"rendered":"La libert\u00e9 de la presse en France \ud83d\udd4a"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La <strong>libert\u00e9 de la presse en France<\/strong>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un pilier essentiel de la d\u00e9mocratie, soul\u00e8ve r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des d\u00e9bats. Entre accusations de partialit\u00e9, concentration des m\u00e9dias et pressions \u00e9conomiques, la situation interroge. Mais alors, <strong>o\u00f9 en est la libert\u00e9 de la presse aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong> ? D\u00e9couvre les enjeux, les d\u00e9fis et les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s qui fa\u00e7onnent le paysage m\u00e9diatique fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Le droit \u00e0 un traitement<span style=\"color: #339966;\"> honn\u00eate<\/span> de l\u2019information pour se forger une<span style=\"color: #339966;\"> opinion.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Arthur Monnet<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c0 l&rsquo;initiative de la p\u00e9tition contre France TV Slash<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Selon <strong>le classement annuel de <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/rsf.org\/fr\/classement\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><strong>Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res<\/strong><\/a> relatif \u00e0 la libert\u00e9 de la presse, la France est 21e sur 180 pays<strong> apr\u00e8s le Timor Orientaion ou encore la Tch\u00e9quie.\u00a0La libert\u00e9 de la presse existe-t-elle toujours en France ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 Parce que suivre l\u2019actualit\u00e9, c\u2019est primordial, on a \u00e9crit un article sur les bons plans pour s<strong>\u2019<\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/abonnement-journaux-etudiants\/\" rel=\"noopener\">abonner \u00e0 un journal lorsqu\u2019on est \u00e9tudiant.\u00a0<\/a><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce que la loi dit sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse en France<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la libert\u00e9 de la presse ?&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La <strong>libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/strong> est un droit fondamental permettant aux m\u00e9dias de publier des informations sans censure ni pression ext\u00e9rieure. Elle repr\u00e9sente l\u2019un des piliers essentiels de la <strong>d\u00e9mocratie<\/strong>, en garantissant aux citoyens un acc\u00e8s \u00e0 une information <strong>plurielle<\/strong> et <strong>ind\u00e9pendante<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>La loi fondatrice de 1881 \ud83d\udcdc<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>En France, la <strong>libert\u00e9 de la presse<\/strong> repose sur la <strong>loi du 29 juillet 1881<\/strong>, une r\u00e9f\u00e9rence mondiale dans ce domaine. Cette loi affirme plusieurs principes majeurs :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le droit de publier librement des informations.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La responsabilit\u00e9 des journalistes en cas de <strong>d\u00e9lits de presse<\/strong> (comme la diffamation ou l\u2019incitation \u00e0 la haine).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La garantie de la <strong>libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression<\/strong>, dans le respect des limites l\u00e9gales.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cette loi demeure un texte fondamental, m\u00eame si de nouveaux d\u00e9fis, notamment num\u00e9riques, ont depuis \u00e9merg\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En bref, chaque personne a le droit de s\u2019exprimer librement.&nbsp; Si on se r\u00e9f\u00e8re \u00e0 la loi, la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression, <strong>sous toutes ses formes<\/strong>, qu\u2019elle soit<strong> parl\u00e9e<\/strong>,<strong> \u00e9crite ou encore imprim\u00e9e<\/strong>, est en France<strong> la plus totale sauf si elle engendre un d\u00e9lit<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en France est, de ce fait, <strong>appliqu\u00e9e \u00e0 tous les citoyens<\/strong> et correspond \u00e0 toutes <strong>manifestations d\u2019expressions publiques<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc69\u200d\u2696\ufe0f<strong> Quelles sont les sanctions pour un d\u00e9lit de presse ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans la plupart des cas, il est question d\u2019une amende. Plus rarement d\u2019une peine de prison.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Est-ce qu\u2019il existe des organes de contr\u00f4le concernant la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et la libert\u00e9 de la presse ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La radio et la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision<\/strong> : contr\u00f4l\u00e9es par l\u2019<a href=\"https:\/\/www.arcom.fr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><strong>ARCOM<\/strong><\/a><strong>.<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Presse \u00e9crite<\/strong> : aucun organe de contr\u00f4le<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Internet<\/strong> : aucun organe de contr\u00f4le<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">\u00a0L\u2019\u00c8re num\u00e9rique face \u00e0 la loi de 1881<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Avec l\u2019apparition de<strong> nouveaux m\u00e9dias<\/strong> et de <strong>nouvelles plateformes<\/strong>, qui h\u00e9bergent des formes de libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression,<strong> se pose la question de la responsabilit\u00e9 en cas de d\u00e9lit.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression constitue<strong> la plus grande manifestation de la d\u00e9mocratie<\/strong>. Ainsi,<strong> le contr\u00f4le et la gestion des d\u00e9lits dans la sph\u00e8re num\u00e9rique<\/strong> est une chose d\u00e9licate.<\/p>\n<p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Facebook est-il responsable lorsqu\u2019un de ces membres commet un d\u00e9lit ?<\/strong> Est-ce exclusivement \u00e0<strong> chaque individu de r\u00e9pondre de ses actes <\/strong>ou <strong>aux plateformes de contr\u00f4ler les manifestations d\u2019expressions <\/strong>?La <strong>libert\u00e9 de la presse en France<\/strong>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un pilier essentiel de la d\u00e9mocratie, soul\u00e8ve r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des d\u00e9bats. Entre accusations de partialit\u00e9, concentration des m\u00e9dias et pressions \u00e9conomiques, la situation interroge. Mais alors, <strong>o\u00f9 en est la libert\u00e9 de la presse aujourd\u2019hui<\/strong> ? D\u00e9couvre les enjeux, les d\u00e9fis et les r\u00e9alit\u00e9s qui fa\u00e7onnent le paysage m\u00e9diatique fran\u00e7ais<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La libert\u00e9 de la presse en France est-elle bafou\u00e9e ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Maintenant que tu sais ce que dit la loi, on te propose de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir sur la libert\u00e9 de la presse en France. <strong>Certains \u00e9l\u00e9ments sont \u00e0 analyser pour comprendre le d\u00e9bat public<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le facteur \u00e9conomique&nbsp;<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019un des plus grands changements au sein du secteur m\u00e9diatique, <strong>c\u2019est le facteur financier.<\/strong> La grande majorit\u00e9 des m\u00e9dias est priv\u00e9e. Par cons\u00e9quent, <strong>la presse est moins libre, non pas \u00e0 cause d\u2019un contr\u00f4le de l\u2019\u00c9tat, mais bien \u00e0 cause du facteur \u00e9conomique.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans un premier temps, les m\u00e9dias appartiennent \u00e0 de grands groupes. Suivant la logique d\u2019une entreprise, ils ont pour mission<strong> de rapporter de l\u2019argent<\/strong>. En plus de cela, les m\u00e9dias doivent fonctionner, et pour cela, ils ont donc besoin d\u2019annonceurs. Le syst\u00e8me \u00e9conomique qui r\u00e9git l\u2019existence des m\u00e9dias limite d\u2019une certaine mesure les libert\u00e9s.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La ligne \u00e9ditoriale est d\u00e9termin\u00e9e par le groupe\/ la personne qui d\u00e9tient le m\u00e9dia<\/strong>. Les journalistes doivent en cons\u00e9quence <strong>respecter ces prises de positions.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Les m\u00e9dias de Vincent Bollor\u00e9 \ud83d\udc64<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p><strong>\u00c0 lui seul<\/strong>, le milliardaire poss\u00e8de des cha\u00eenes de t\u00e9l\u00e9vision, de radio et aussi de la presse \u00e9crite.<\/p>\n<ul id=\"block-d879ee5c-4b23-4b17-81e0-b420b0b26cc1\" class=\"block-editor-rich-text__editable block-editor-block-list__block wp-block is-selected wp-block-list rich-text\" role=\"group\" aria-label=\"Bloc\u00a0: Liste\" data-block=\"d879ee5c-4b23-4b17-81e0-b420b0b26cc1\" data-type=\"core\/list\" data-title=\"Liste\" data-gramm=\"false\">\n<li>Canal +, Cnews, C8, Europe 1, RFM, Virgin Radio, Voici, Capital, Gala, Paris Match et le JDD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Est-ce que la libert\u00e9 de la presse peut \u00eatre assur\u00e9e dans un contexte de concentration des m\u00e9dias ?\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les m\u00e9dias deviennent de plus en plus \u00e9ditorialistes ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un \u00e9ditorialiste et un journaliste ne font pas la m\u00eame chose. L\u2019\u00e9ditorialiste, <strong>c\u2019est celui qui donne son avis, qui \u00e9crit un commentaire<\/strong>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Au sein des m\u00e9dias, apparaissent de plus en plus de personnages affirmant leurs opinions. Dans cette course au \u201cbuzz\u201d et aux scandales, le journalisme est-il en train de devenir de plus en plus \u00e9ditorialiste ? C\u2019est une hypoth\u00e8se sur laquelle il est possible de r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les raisons de notre classement Reporters sans fronti\u00e8res\ud83d\udca1<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L<strong>a couverture m\u00e9diatique des manifestations publiques est devenue compliqu\u00e9e<\/strong> (violence des forces de l\u2019ordre \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de journalistes).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>l\u00e9gislation relative au secret des sources<\/strong> qui demeure insuffisante\u00a0<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Concentration verticale des m\u00e9dias<\/strong> (les groupes poss\u00e9dant les m\u00e9dias ayant des int\u00e9r\u00eats dans d\u2019autres secteurs de l\u2019\u00e9conomie)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>D\u00e9bat sur la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et l\u2019intol\u00e9rance religieuse <\/strong>remis au premier plan en France depuis les attaques de Charlie Hebdo ainsi que l\u2019assassinat de Samuel Paty.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Un pays o\u00f9 les journalistes ont le droit de s\u2019exprimer&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En France,<strong> le statut de journaliste est d\u00e9fini.<\/strong> Les journalistes reconnus sont ceux qui poss\u00e8dent <strong>la carte de presse <\/strong>(soumis \u00e0 de nombreuses conditions). Dans l\u2019exercice de leur m\u00e9tier, <strong>les journalistes ont des droits, mais aussi des devoirs.&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La d\u00e9ontologie du journalisme<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9ontologie du journalisme est relative aux devoirs et aux droits des journalistes. Il s\u2019agit de chartes d\u00e9claratives. Ainsi, <strong>le non-respect des devoirs ou des droits<\/strong> (\u00e0 l\u2019encontre des journalistes) ne peuvent \u00eatre sanctionn\u00e9s par la justice.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La d\u00e9ontologie du journalisme en France est constitu\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de deux textes fondamentaux : <strong>La charte de Munich<\/strong> (1971) et<strong> la charte d\u2019\u00e9thique professionnelle des journalistes<\/strong> (r\u00e9vis\u00e9e en 2011).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les devoirs des journalistes \u2705<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Respect de <strong>la v\u00e9racit\u00e9 des faits<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u00e9fense de<strong> la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression<\/strong> (et de critique)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Publication uniquement avec<strong> des informations valid\u00e9es et connues<\/strong> (\u00e0 d\u00e9faut, notifier qu\u2019il y a une r\u00e9serve sur les informations)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019interdiction<strong> d\u2019obtenir des informations<\/strong>, dans le but de les publier, <strong>de mani\u00e8re d\u00e9loyale<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Respect de la <strong>vie priv\u00e9e des personnes<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rectification imm\u00e9diate <\/strong>en cas d\u2019informations inexactes publi\u00e9es<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le<strong> secret des sources<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Interdiction du plagiat<\/strong>, de la <strong>calomnie<\/strong>, de la <strong>diffamation et d\u2019accusations infond\u00e9es<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pas de <strong>communication publicitaire<\/strong> ou de<strong> publications de propagande<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ne pas c\u00e9der \u00e0 la pression et r\u00e9pondre <strong>aux directives seulement de sa r\u00e9daction<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les droits prot\u00e9geant les journalistes&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le<strong> libre acc\u00e8s aux sources\/informations <\/strong>et le droit d\u2019enqu\u00eater librement sur des faits d\u2019actualit\u00e9 publique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>refus de suivre des indications donn\u00e9es par la r\u00e9daction qui iraient \u00e0 l\u2019encontre de la ligne \u00e9ditoriale<\/strong> pour laquelle le journaliste a sign\u00e9 un contrat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019interdiction de <strong>contraindre un journaliste \u00e0 exprimer un avis contraire \u00e0 son opinion<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le droit aux <strong>b\u00e9n\u00e9fices des conventions collectives<\/strong>, \u00e0 un contrat assurant sa s\u00e9curit\u00e9 personnelle, mat\u00e9rielle et morale et son ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9conomique.\u00a0<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le statut du journaliste<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Un journaliste est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme \u201c<strong>professionnel<\/strong>\u201d s\u2019il d\u00e9tient la carte de presse. La carte de presse est soumise \u00e0 certaines conditions :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Exercer la profession depuis <strong>3 mois cons\u00e9cutifs\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Plus de <strong>50% des revenus tir\u00e9s de la profession<\/strong> de journaliste<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019employeur doit \u00eatre une entreprise de presse<\/strong> \u00e9crite ou audiovisuelle<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Pour <strong>faire la demande d\u2019une carte de presse,<\/strong> les journalistes doivent d\u00e9poser une candidature aupr\u00e8s de la <strong>Commission de la Carte d&rsquo;Identit\u00e9 des Journalistes Professionnels<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cependant, <strong>le m\u00e9tier de journaliste est libre.<\/strong> Ainsi, m\u00eame sans carte de presse, il est possible d\u2019exercer cette activit\u00e9. En revanche,<strong> ces journalistes ne b\u00e9n\u00e9ficient pas de la protection <\/strong>du statut de journalistes professionnels.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La neutralit\u00e9 en journalisme, est-ce que c\u2019est r\u00e9ellement possible ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, quand on parle de journalisme d\u2019information (et non pas de journalisme d\u2019opinion, \u00e9ditorialiste), on parle souvent <strong>du devoir de neutralit\u00e9<\/strong> et <strong>d\u2019objectivit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Un journaliste se doit en effet de transmettre une information en \u00e9tant le plus objectif possible. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, c\u2019est tr\u00e8s compliqu\u00e9, m\u00eame <strong>impossible d\u2019\u00eatre compl\u00e8tement objectif<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Choisir d\u2019aborder un sujet <\/strong>sous un <strong>angle particulier, c\u2019est un choix <\/strong>(conscient ou non). Il s\u2019agit donc d\u2019une <strong>prise de position.\u00a0<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les <strong>mots employ\u00e9s<\/strong> sont porteurs de sens et d\u2019interpr\u00e9tation<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Il est tr\u00e8s difficile de rendre visible tous les facteurs et d\u2019\u00eatre dans <strong>la pluralit\u00e9 totale<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>En th\u00e9orie le r\u00f4le du journaliste est, par cons\u00e9quent, de <strong>transmettre une information<\/strong>, de <strong>relater un fait en \u00e9tant le plus objectif possible<\/strong> et en montrant <strong>les multiples facettes<\/strong> et enjeux d\u2019un sujet.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De cette mani\u00e8re,<strong> on parle davantage d\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9 intellectuelle<\/strong>. Le r\u00f4le du journaliste est de <strong>tendre au maximum vers la neutralit\u00e9<\/strong>, et de ne pas chercher \u00e0 affirmer son opinion ou \u00e0 orienter l\u2019avis du public.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les cha\u00eenes d\u2019information publiques sont soumises <strong>\u00e0 cette obligation d\u2019objectivit\u00e9 et de pluralit\u00e9<\/strong>. Cela consiste \u00e0 repr\u00e9senter tous les points de vue et \u00e0 faire preuve d\u2019honn\u00eatet\u00e9 et de neutralit\u00e9 dans la restitution d\u2019un fait.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p><strong>C&rsquo;est tout chaud \ud83d\udd25<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Saisissant<strong> le droit de r\u00e9ponse<\/strong>, le directeur des antennes de France TV, Florent Dumont r\u00e9pond : \u201c<em>On peut se dire qu\u2019on a manqu\u00e9 de recul, qu\u2019il y a eu quelques erreurs ponctuelles\u201d mais \u00e9galement \u201cOn ne fait pas du militantisme, mais de l\u2019engagement contre les discriminations<\/em>.\u201d [<em>Source T\u00e9l\u00e9rama<\/em>]<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Est-ce que l\u2019engagement est un manquement \u00e0 l\u2019objectivit\u00e9 ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La libert\u00e9 de la presse en France <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>On esp\u00e8re avoir pu t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 y voir plus clair, ainsi que t&rsquo;avoir donn\u00e9 mati\u00e8re \u00e0 r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir. Il n&rsquo;y a pas de bonnes ou de mauvaises r\u00e9ponses, et en continuant \u00e0 te renseigner sur ses sujets aussi n\u00e9cessaires qu&rsquo;int\u00e9ressants, tu forgeras ton opinion. \u2600<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;215555&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.3&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.3\\\/5 - (24 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La libert\u00e9 de la presse en France \ud83d\udd4a&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;122.2&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 122.2px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.3\/5 - (24 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La libert\u00e9 de la presse en France, consid\u00e9r\u00e9e comme un pilier essentiel de la d\u00e9mocratie, soul\u00e8ve r\u00e9guli\u00e8rement des (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":215578,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[895,122],"tag":[358],"class_list":["post-215555","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actu-et-societe","category-lifestyle","tag-france"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215555","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=215555"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/215555\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/215578"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=215555"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=215555"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=215555"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}