{"id":207999,"date":"2022-01-10T10:07:46","date_gmt":"2022-01-10T09:07:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-chretiente-medievale\/"},"modified":"2025-05-20T15:17:23","modified_gmt":"2025-05-20T13:17:23","slug":"la-chretiente-medievale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-chretiente-medievale\/","title":{"rendered":"Tout savoir sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale [2nde] \ud83d\udc92"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ton devoir sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale approche et tu n\u2019as rien pig\u00e9 au cours de ton prof d\u2019histoire ? <\/strong>Je sais, ce chapitre de l\u2019Histoire n\u2019est pas toujours tr\u00e8s simple \u00e0 comprendre. Mais pas de panique, <strong>on d\u00e9cortique tout dans cet article rien que pour toi.<\/strong> \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On va t\u00e2cher de tout t\u2019expliquer sur <strong>ce vaste territoire qu\u2019est la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale.<\/strong> Alors, installe toi bien, c\u2019est parti !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quest-ce-que-la-chretiente-medievale\">Qu\u2019est-ce que la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale ? \ud83e\udd14<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>La chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale d\u00e9signe <strong>l\u2019aire g\u00e9ographique, c&rsquo;est-\u00e0-dire, l\u2019ensemble des territoires o\u00f9 la religion est le christianisme durant le Moyen-\u00c2ge.<\/strong> Cette zone g\u00e9ographique correspond \u00e0 une grande partie de l\u2019Europe, m\u00eame si l\u2019on peut y compter quelques minorit\u00e9s juives et musulmanes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Il s\u2019agit d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de tensions tant que d\u2019\u00e9changes, o\u00f9 trois civilisations dominent autour de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mediterranee-medievale\/\">M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jusqu\u2019en 1054, la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 est un ensemble uni, qui se s\u00e9pare ensuite entre l\u2019\u00c9glise catholique et l\u2019\u00c9glise orthodoxe. <strong>C\u2019est le schisme.<\/strong> Suite \u00e0 la chute de l\u2019empire romain d\u2019Occident, cet immense empire devient, d\u2019une part, <strong>l\u2019empire byzantin d\u2019Orient<\/strong> et d\u2019autre part, l\u2019<strong>Occident chr\u00e9tien.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ensemble des v\u00e9rit\u00e9s incontestables et fondamentales de cette religion monoth\u00e9iste est appel\u00e9 <strong>le dogme.<\/strong> Il est d\u00e9fini par l\u2019\u00c9glise, et plus particuli\u00e8rement par le concile.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Le concile est une assembl\u00e9e d\u2019\u00e9v\u00eaques dirig\u00e9e par le Pape qui d\u00e9termine le dogme.<br>\n&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quest-ce-qui-caracterise-la-chretiente-medievale\">Qu\u2019est-ce qui caract\u00e9rise la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"des-paysages-particuliers\">Des paysages particuliers \ud83c\udf33<\/h3>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/la-chretiente-medievale-2-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale\" class=\"wp-image-169361\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les \u00e9glises et les cath\u00e9drales sont construites suivant des styles architecturaux qui ne cessent d\u2019\u00e9voluer au fil des si\u00e8cles.<br>\n<strong>Au cours du Xe si\u00e8cle appara\u00eet <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_roman\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u2019art roman.<\/a><\/strong> Les structures issues de ce style architectural sont de<strong> formes massives<\/strong>, avec des vo\u00fbtes arqu\u00e9es et des ouvertures arrondies.<br>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Le style roman tire ses influences de l&rsquo;Antiquit\u00e9, ce qui lui doit son nom (la Rome antique, \u00e7a te dit quelque chose ?).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Puis c\u2019est au tour de <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Art_gothique\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">l\u2019art gothique<\/a> de prendre le relais d\u00e8s le XIIe si\u00e8cle. Les monuments sont d\u00e9sormais plus hauts, poss\u00e8dent un grand nombre de vitraux ainsi que des arches pointues.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/la-chretiente-medievale-1-200x300.jpg\" alt=\"la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale\" class=\"wp-image-169359\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Mais certaines caract\u00e9ristiques traversent les styles architecturaux et restent les m\u00eames durant l\u2019ensemble du Moyen-Age:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les \u00e9glises sont r\u00e9alis\u00e9es <strong>en pierre<\/strong> d\u00e8s le Xe si\u00e8cle<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les signes religieux tels que <strong>la croix, les monast\u00e8res et les chapelles<\/strong> sont omnipr\u00e9sents dans les villages chr\u00e9tiens.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019\u00e9glise et le cimeti\u00e8re<\/strong> sont au c\u0153ur des villages<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-croyances\">Les croyances \ud83d\ude4f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les chr\u00e9tiens vivent dans la crainte du Jugement dernier.<\/strong> Ils pensent que leur \u00e2me sera jug\u00e9e apr\u00e8s leur mort en fonction de leurs comportements, de leurs actes\u2026et que la vie de leur \u00e2me est \u00e9ternelle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour \u00eatre conduit au Paradis, il fallait respecter les valeurs chr\u00e9tiennes (comme la charit\u00e9), suivre les pratiques religieuses, et gagner son Salut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Gagner son Salut\u2026mais qu\u2019est-ce que c\u2019est ? <strong>Gagner son Salut, c\u2019est \u00eatre d\u00e9livr\u00e9 de tout p\u00e9ch\u00e9, et par cons\u00e9quent, \u00e9chapper \u00e0 l\u2019enfer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS OFFERT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-pratiques-religieuses\">Les pratiques religieuses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les pratiques religieuses ont un r\u00f4le important dans la vie des chr\u00e9tiens. Elles t\u00e9moignent de leur d\u00e9vouement \u00e0 Dieu, et de leur volont\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre conduits au Paradis apr\u00e8s la mort.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La pri\u00e8re:<\/strong> Elle est adress\u00e9e \u00e0 Dieu et au Saint Esprit, ou lors des pri\u00e8res d\u2019intercession, \u00e0 la Vierge et aux saints. Elle s\u2019effectue plusieurs fois par jour \u00e0 des heures pr\u00e9cises et pr\u00e9d\u00e9finies. \ud83d\udd70\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La messe:<\/strong> Elle a lieu tous les dimanches matin et les jours de f\u00eates, \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9glise, o\u00f9 tous les chr\u00e9tiens se r\u00e9unissent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le p\u00e8lerinage<\/strong>: Il s\u2019agit d\u2019un voyage entrepris pour honorer les saints. Les croyants se rendaient dans des lieux de d\u00e9votions comme en Terre-Sainte (lieu de naissance de J\u00e9sus-Christ), \u00e0 Rome ou \u00e0 Saint-Jacques-de-Compostelle.\ud83d\uddfa\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les f\u00eates:<\/strong> P\u00e2ques, No\u00ebl, la Pentec\u00f4te\u2026tu les connais s\u00fbrement d\u00e9j\u00e0, mais savais-tu qu\u2019elles perdurent depuis si longtemps dans la vie des chr\u00e9tiens ? \ud83c\udf85<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-sacrements\">Les sacrements<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale impose sept sacrements aux croyants, afin de marquer divers moments de leur vie. On te met ici les principaux:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le <strong>bapt\u00eame<\/strong> est effectu\u00e9 peu apr\u00e8s la naissance d\u2019un enfant, et symbolise son entr\u00e9e dans la communaut\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La <strong>communion<\/strong> est obligatoire une fois par an. Elle consiste en un don de pain et de vin, repr\u00e9sentant le corps et le sang de J\u00e9sus.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le <strong>mariage<\/strong> est le sacrement qui unit une femme et un homme.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L&rsquo;<strong>extr\u00eame-onction<\/strong> est conf\u00e9r\u00e9e \u00e0 ceux qui sont en train de mourir, par l&rsquo;utilisation d\u2019huiles.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Ces sacrements sont d\u00e9finis par l\u2019\u00e9glise, et sont obligatoires.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>\u2705 On te donne nos quatre conseils pour<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-reviser-lhistoire-facilement-bac-prepa\/\"> r\u00e9viser l\u2019histoire facilement<\/a>.\ud83d\ude09<strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\"><br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-reforme-gregorienne\">La r\u00e9forme gr\u00e9gorienne \ud83d\udc47<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La r\u00e9forme gr\u00e9gorienne d\u00e9signe une p\u00e9riode de renouvellement pour l\u2019\u00e9glise<\/strong>, et a lieu au XIe si\u00e8cle, durant le Moyen-Age.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Men\u00e9e par les papes, notamment Gr\u00e9goire VII, ses objectifs principaux sont les suivants :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Diminuer l\u2019influence des rois et des seigneurs<\/strong>, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/systeme-feodal\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/systeme-feodal\/\">plac\u00e9s en haut de la pyramide f\u00e9odale<\/a>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Augmenter l\u2019autorit\u00e9 et l\u2019influence de l\u2019\u00e9glise<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Faire des pr\u00eatres des exemples, mod\u00e8les de moralit\u00e9<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>\ud83d\udca1 <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gr%C3%A9goire_VII\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Gr\u00e9goire VII<\/a> est un moine devenu \u00e9v\u00eaque de Rome et pape en 1073. Il succ\u00e8de \u00e0 Alexandre II.<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour atteindre ces objectifs et accro\u00eetre la puissance du clerg\u00e9, la r\u00e9forme gr\u00e9gorienne <strong>interdit la simonie et le nicola\u00efsme<\/strong> dans le D\u00e9cret de 1059.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 La <strong>simonie<\/strong> consiste en <strong>l\u2019achat ou la vente de biens spirituels, de sacrements, de charges eccl\u00e9siastiques\u2026<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le <strong>nicola\u00efsme<\/strong> d\u00e9signe les<strong> pratiques des clercs qui s\u2019opposent au c\u00e9libat<\/strong> pourtant impos\u00e9 par l\u2019\u00c9glise (par mariage, concubinage\u2026)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cet \u00e9v\u00e8nement provoque des tensions avec les souverains, qui voient leur pouvoir affaibli. \ud83d\udc51<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-sorganise-leglise-dans-la-chretiente-medievale\">Comment s\u2019organise l\u2019\u00c9glise dans la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale ? \ud83d\udcdd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9glise a une organisation qui lui est propre. <strong>Le pape, \u00e9galement \u00e9v\u00eaque de Rome, dirige le clerg\u00e9, il est \u00e0 la t\u00eate de l\u2019\u00e9glise. <\/strong>Le clerg\u00e9 comprend l\u2019ensemble des hommes de religion (moines, pr\u00eatres\u2026). Il est divis\u00e9 en deux parties:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le clerg\u00e9 s\u00e9culier<\/strong> d\u00e9signe les clercs vivant <strong>au c\u0153ur de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, aupr\u00e8s des fid\u00e8les, les accompagnant dans leur pratique religieuse. On dit qu\u2019il vivent \u201cdans le si\u00e8cle\u201d, d\u2019o\u00f9 le nom \u201cs\u00e9culier\u201d. Il ne comprend que des hommes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les membres du <strong>clerg\u00e9 r\u00e9gulier,<\/strong> au contraire, vivent<strong> \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9cart de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>, dans des monast\u00e8res. Leur fonction principale est la pri\u00e8re. \ud83d\ude4f&nbsp;Des femmes peuvent faire partie du clerg\u00e9 r\u00e9gulier.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-role-important-et-croissant-de-leglise\">Le r\u00f4le important et croissant de l\u2019\u00c9glise \u271d\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Suite \u00e0 la r\u00e9forme gr\u00e9gorienne, <strong>l\u2019\u00c9glise r\u00e9affirme sa puissance et son influence dans toute l\u2019Europe.<\/strong> Au niveau \u00e9conomique, politique, culturel ou encore social, elle devient un pilier du monde m\u00e9di\u00e9val.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"role-politique\">R\u00f4le politique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9glise a un r\u00f4le politique important. En effet, le pouvoir du pape est sacr\u00e9, ses d\u00e9cisions sont appliqu\u00e9es avec soin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et ce n\u2019est pas tout ! <strong>L&rsquo;\u00c9glise menace quiconque remet en question les r\u00e8gles qu\u2019elle \u00e9tablit d\u2019excommunication<\/strong> (exclusion de la communaut\u00e9 chr\u00e9tienne).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les croisades, que l\u2019on t\u2019explique un peu plus bas dans cet article, t\u00e9moignent, elles aussi, du pouvoir politique de l\u2019\u00c9glise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"role-economique\">R\u00f4le \u00e9conomique \ud83d\udcb0<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L&rsquo;\u00c9glise poss\u00e8de beaucoup d\u2019argent<\/strong>. \ud83d\udcb8 En effet, elle per\u00e7oit un imp\u00f4t, la d\u00eeme, et beaucoup de dons. Elle poss\u00e8de \u00e9galement un tiers des terres cultiv\u00e9es d\u2019Europe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De nombreuses \u00e9glises et cath\u00e9drales sont construites gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces richesses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"role-social\">R\u00f4le social \ud83d\udc69\u200d\u2695\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00c9glise a un r\u00f4le social tr\u00e8s important au Moyen-\u00c2ge,<strong> l\u2019une de ses valeurs les plus importantes \u00e9tant la charit\u00e9<\/strong>. Elle soigne les malades dans les h\u00f4tels-Dieu, distribue des aum\u00f4nes, et accueille les plus pauvres p\u00e8lerins dans les monast\u00e8res.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le r\u00f4le social de l\u2019\u00c9glise ne s\u2019arr\u00eate pas l\u00e0. <strong>Elle limite les p\u00e9riodes de combat et prot\u00e8ge les non-combattants lors de guerres.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"role-culturel\">R\u00f4le culturel \ud83c\udfa8<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A la fin du XII si\u00e8cle, des <strong>universit\u00e9s,<\/strong> dirig\u00e9es par le Pape, se d\u00e9veloppent, et des <strong>\u00e9coles<\/strong> sont cr\u00e9\u00e9es au sein m\u00eame des cath\u00e9drales.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les clercs ma\u00eetrisent le grec et le latin, et sont<strong> les seuls \u00e0 savoir lire et \u00e9crire.<\/strong> \u2712\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Enfin, le r\u00f4le culturel de l\u2019\u00c9glise s\u2019affirme avec l\u2019apparition de <strong>l\u2019art religieux<\/strong> (art roman et art gothique).<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPN2 Lyc\u00e9e\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n               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                                      <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Tu as des difficult\u00e9s au lyc\u00e9e ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Prends des cours particuliers avec l\u2019un de nos profs !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lexpansion-du-christianisme-au-coeur-de-fortes-tensions\">L\u2019expansion du christianisme au c\u0153ur de fortes tensions \u2694\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-lutte-contre-les-heretiques\">La lutte contre les h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tous ceux qui ne respectent pas le dogme \u00e9tabli par le concile sont appel\u00e9s <strong>h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques<\/strong>. Leur opposition est punie par diff\u00e9rentes sanctions :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>P\u00e9nitences publiques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Excommunication<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Condamnation au b\u00fbcher pour ceux qui r\u00e9sistent<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Un tribunal est cr\u00e9\u00e9 par l&rsquo;\u00c9glise au XIIIe si\u00e8cle afin de poursuivre les h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques. Il s\u2019agit du <strong>tribunal de l\u2019Inquisition.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/giphy-55.gif\" alt=\"la d\u00e9mocratie ath\u00e9nienne\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Les<strong> cathares<\/strong> et les <strong>vaudois<\/strong> sont deux types d\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9tiques bien distincts, qui critiquent l\u2019\u00e9glise, et remettent en question ses d\u00e9cisions.<br>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-croisades\">Les croisades<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Une croisade est une <strong>exp\u00e9dition militaire et religieuse men\u00e9e contre les ennemis de la foi chr\u00e9tienne.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle pr\u00e9sente plusieurs objectifs:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Reconqu\u00e9rir la Terre-Sainte et J\u00e9rusalem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Accro\u00eetre la puissance de la religion chr\u00e9tienne<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Aider les chr\u00e9tiens orthodoxes menac\u00e9s par les musulmans<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Canaliser la violence des chevaliers et l\u2019utiliser au profit de la foi chr\u00e9tienne<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/croisades-moyen-age\/\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/croisades-moyen-age\/\">C\u2019est en 1095 que le Pape Urbain II appelle \u00e0 la croisade<\/a>.<\/strong> S\u2019ensuit un long conflit entre chr\u00e9tiens et musulmans qui fait na\u00eetre huit croisades d\u2019une grande violence.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Les musulmans r\u00e9pondent \u00e0 ces attaques par le djihad, qui d\u00e9tient les m\u00eames objectifs que les croisades.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2705 La quatri\u00e8me croisade est d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e de son but, et se conclut par le pillage de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constantinople\/\">la ville de Constantinople<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La Reconquista est un long conflit qui s\u2019\u00e9tend sur huit si\u00e8cles.<\/strong> \ud83d\ude31 Elle consiste en la \u201creconqu\u00eate\u201d de l&rsquo;Espagne (territoire appartenant aux musulmans) par les chr\u00e9tiens.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces croisades ont diverses cons\u00e9quences sur la le monde chr\u00e9tien:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Cr\u00e9ation des \u00e9tats latins d\u2019Orient<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Frein \u00e0 l\u2019expansion musulmane<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rupture entre Constantinople et la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 latine<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pers\u00e9cution des juifs, qui sont progressivement marginalis\u00e9s<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion-sur-la-chretiente-medievale\">Conclusion sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale \u2705<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0, ton chapitre sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale n\u2019a plus aucun secret pour toi ! Entre conflits, qu\u00eate de puissance et pratiques religieuses, <strong>la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale est un territoire vaste et complexe. <\/strong>J\u2019esp\u00e8re que cet article t\u2019aura \u00e9clair\u00e9 sur le sujet, et te permettra de d\u00e9crocher une note d\u2019enfer ! \ud83d\udd25<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>H\u00e2te de te retrouver pour un nouvel article !<\/strong> \ud83e\udd19<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;207999&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;15&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.3&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.3\\\/5 - (15 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Tout savoir sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale [2nde] \ud83d\udc92&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;93.2&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 93.2px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.3\/5 - (15 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ton devoir sur la chr\u00e9tient\u00e9 m\u00e9di\u00e9vale approche et tu n\u2019as rien pig\u00e9 au cours de ton prof d\u2019histoire (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":208003,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[651,79,399,353],"class_list":["post-207999","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-art","tag-lycee","tag-moyen-orient","tag-seconde"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207999","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/158"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=207999"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/207999\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/208003"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=207999"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=207999"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=207999"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}