{"id":190292,"date":"2021-11-26T15:43:50","date_gmt":"2021-11-26T14:43:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-grands-navigateurs\/"},"modified":"2024-08-28T23:26:13","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T21:26:13","slug":"les-grands-navigateurs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-grands-navigateurs\/","title":{"rendered":"Les grands navigateurs : qui \u00e9taient-ils ? \ud83d\udd2e"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>\u00c0 la charni\u00e8re entre le Moyen-\u00c2ge et les Temps Modernes, <strong>les XVe et XVIe si\u00e8cles <\/strong> sont marqu\u00e9s par les grandes d\u00e9couvertes et les grands navigateurs. Durant cette p\u00e9riode, les monarchies europ\u00e9ennes (notamment les monarchies ib\u00e9riques) financent des <strong>exp\u00e9ditions sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/strong> qui permettent de d\u00e9couvrir le monde, cartographier et d\u00e9velopper les \u00e9changes commerciaux internationaux. \ud83d\udecd<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte : le r\u00f4le des grands navigateurs \ud83d\udca1<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 partir de la seconde partie du XVe si\u00e8cle, apr\u00e8s <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constantinople\/\">la prise de Constantinople<\/a> (1453), les Europ\u00e9ens cherchent \u00e0 contourner la puissance ottomane qui d\u00e9tient le monopole du commerce terrestre vers l\u2019Asie. Pour cela, <strong>les monarques encouragent et financent des explorations maritimes dans le but de trouver une alternative \u00e0 <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.lhistoire.fr\/carte\/les-routes-de-la-soie\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">la route de la soie<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, la volont\u00e9 de<strong> diffuser la foi chr\u00e9tienne<\/strong> et d\u2019\u00e9vang\u00e9liser les populations \u00e9trang\u00e8res motivent encore plus les Europ\u00e9ens \u00e0 explorer le monde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Les d\u00e9couvertes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 telles qu\u2019on parle parfois de <strong>\u201cl\u2019\u00c2ge des d\u00e9couvertes\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 cette \u00e9poque, <strong>on sait d\u00e9j\u00e0 que la Terre est ronde<\/strong> et les Europ\u00e9ens ont une bonne id\u00e9e de ce qu\u2019est le bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en. En revanche, peu connaissent bien l\u2019Afrique et l\u2019Asie, et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique reste totalement inconnue. L\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique est d\u2019ailleurs nomm\u00e9 <em>\u201cMer des T\u00e9n\u00e8bres\u201d<\/em>. \u00c0 la fin du si\u00e8cle, il reste de nombreux<strong> territoires inconnus<\/strong> comme l\u2019Australie et le centre de l\u2019Afrique. \ud83d\uddfa<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces exp\u00e9ditions ont \u00e9t\u00e9 permises gr\u00e2ce aux<strong> avanc\u00e9es techniques de la fin du Moyen-Age<\/strong> :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>La caravelle <\/strong>: navire \u00e0 voile tr\u00e8s man\u0153uvrable et \u00e0 bords hauts. \u26f5\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>L\u2019astrolabe<\/strong> : instrument astronomique qui permet de calculer la hauteur des \u00e9toiles et du soleil et donc de conna\u00eetre l\u2019heure. \ud83c\udf0c<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les portulans<\/strong> : anc\u00eatres des cartes de navigation, ces plans ont permis aux navigateurs de se rep\u00e9rer, de trouver les ports connus et d\u2019\u00e9viter les dangers pr\u00e9visibles. \ud83d\uddfa<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le roi Henri le <strong>Navigateur<\/strong> : le premier des grands navigateurs \ud83e\udd34\ud83c\udffc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Henri le Navigateur (1394-1460)<\/strong> est consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme un des piliers des grandes d\u00e9couvertes. En effet, il est l\u2019initiateur de l\u2019exploration g\u00e9ographique et coloniale europ\u00e9enne, il lance la course \u00e0 la d\u00e9couverte d\u00e8s le d\u00e9but du XVe si\u00e8cle. <strong>En 1419<\/strong>, le prince Henri et ses navigateurs atteignent et d\u00e9couvrent <strong>l\u2019\u00eele de Mad\u00e8re. En 1427<\/strong>, l\u2019exp\u00e9dition va plus loin et le Portugal d\u00e9barque aux <strong>A\u00e7ores<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les raisons initiales de ces navigations<\/strong> sont multiples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcb0 <strong>Un motif \u00e9conomique <\/strong>: contourner le monopole des V\u00e9nitiens avec l\u2019Inde.<br> \ud83d\ude4f\ud83c\udffc <strong>Un motif politique et religieux<\/strong> : dans la continuit\u00e9 de la <em>Reconquista<\/em>, l\u2019id\u00e9e est de poursuivre l\u2019endiguement de l\u2019expansion musulmane.<br> \ud83d\udd2e <strong>Le go\u00fbt de l\u2019aventure et de la d\u00e9couverte<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Et apr\u00e8s ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces premiers voyages \u00e9veillent l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat des Europ\u00e9ens pour <strong>les terres inconnues<\/strong> (renforc\u00e9 apr\u00e8s 1453) et initient la <strong>vague d\u2019exp\u00e9dition qui rythmera le si\u00e8cle<\/strong> et marquera un tournant dans l\u2019Histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Influenc\u00e9 par le succ\u00e8s des Portugais, <strong>Christophe Colomb d\u00e9couvre quelques ann\u00e9es plus tard l\u2019Am\u00e9rique<\/strong> en cherchant une route directe menant de l\u2019Espagne aux Indes par l\u2019Ouest.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Moins de trente ans apr\u00e8s la mort d\u2019Henri le Navigateur, <strong>Bartolomeu Dias d\u00e9couvre le Cap de Bonne Esp\u00e9rance<\/strong> puis Vacso de Gama le d\u00e9passe pour <strong>atteindre les Indes en contournant l\u2019Afrique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s ces nombreuses d\u00e9couvertes, Fernand de Magellan finit par r\u00e9aliser le premier <strong>tour du monde par voie maritime<\/strong> entre 1519 et 1522.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS OFFERT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Christophe Colomb \ud83e\uddd4\ud83c\udffd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Christophe Colomb (1451-1506) <\/strong>est un navigateur g\u00e9nois connu, au service du roi catholique d\u2019Espagne <strong>Ferdinand d\u2019Aragon<\/strong> . En <strong>1492<\/strong>, charg\u00e9 d\u2019atteindre les Indes en passant par l\u2019Ouest (une voie maritime jamais emprunt\u00e9e jusqu\u2019alors), il <strong>d\u00e9couvre sans le savoir l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, persuad\u00e9 d\u2019avoir accompli sa mission et d\u2019avoir accost\u00e9 aux Indes. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ses voyages \u2708\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le premier voyage de Colomb est <strong>le plus connu des historiens<\/strong> ! C&#8217;est notamment parce qu\u2019il est bien renseign\u00e9 gr\u00e2ce au journal de bord de l\u2019Amiral et la lettre \u00e0 Santangel, r\u00e9dig\u00e9e par Colomb lui-m\u00eame lors de son retour pour r\u00e9sumer son voyage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Parti de Palos de la Frontera le <strong>3 ao\u00fbt 1492<\/strong>, apr\u00e8s une escale aux \u00eeles Canaries en ao\u00fbt puis un changement de cap en octobre pour suivre la direction des oiseaux, Christophe Colomb et l\u2019\u00e9quipage Espagnol accostent en Am\u00e9rique le <strong>28 octobre \u00e0 Cuba<\/strong>, persuad\u00e9s d\u2019\u00eatre arriv\u00e9s au Japon. L\u2019\u00e9quipage est constitu\u00e9 de 3 navires et 90 membres d&#8217;\u00e9quipage.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/grands-navigateurs-colomb-2-e1637698332651.png\" alt=\"les grands navigateurs\" class=\"wp-image-165186\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><strong>Lors de son second voyage (1493-96)<\/strong>, exp\u00e9dition plus ambitieuse compos\u00e9e de 17 navires et de 1500 hommes, il d\u00e9couvre alors plusieurs \u00eeles des Cara\u00efbes : La D\u00e9sirade, Marie-Galante et la Dominique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lors de son troisi\u00e8me voyage (1498-1500)<\/strong>, il atteint pour la premi\u00e8re fois le continent am\u00e9ricain lui-m\u00eame en d\u00e9barquant sur la c\u00f4te de l\u2019actuel Venezuela.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Son quatri\u00e8me et dernier voyage (1502-04)<\/strong> lui permet de visiter la Jama\u00efque, Saint-Domingue et le Panama entre autres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019Am\u00e9rique comme nouveau continent \ud83c\udf0e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Toute sa vie, le navigateur c\u00e9l\u00e8bre restera persuad\u00e9 d\u2019\u00eatre arriv\u00e9 aux Indes et d\u2019avoir d\u00e9couvert une route maritime reliant l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Asie. En r\u00e9alit\u00e9, il a d\u00e9couvert bien plus impressionnant.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est <strong>Amerigo Vespucci<\/strong>, un navigateur italien ayant pris part \u00e0 la 3e exp\u00e9dition de Christophe Colomb, qui comprend en premier que le territoire d\u2019arriv\u00e9e n\u2019est pas l\u2019Inde, mais un <strong>\u201cNouveau Monde\u201d<\/strong> inconnu jusqu\u2019alors.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s 1499, il adresse une lettre au noble florentin Lorenzo Pietro de M\u00e9dicis dans laquelle il \u00e9voque la v\u00e9rit\u00e9 sur cette terre situ\u00e9e de l\u2019autre c\u00f4t\u00e9 de l\u2019oc\u00e9an Atlantique. Publi\u00e9e en 1504 sous le titre de <a href=\"https:\/\/encyclopediavirginia.org\/entries\/mundus-novus-1503\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">Mundus Novus<\/a> (Nouveau Monde en latin), cette lettre r\u00e9sonne et fait conna\u00eetre le <strong>Nouveau Monde en Europe<\/strong>. Ce continent est appel\u00e9 \u201cAm\u00e9rique\u201d en l\u2019honneur du navigateur Amerigo Vespucci, celui qui a compris en premier l\u2019ampleur de cette d\u00e9couverte.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est seulement \u00e0 partir de cette officialisation que <strong>les cartes maritimes et cartes du monde<\/strong> vont pouvoir se pr\u00e9ciser en incluant les nouveaux territoires d\u00e9couverts.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong> Tu veux en apprendre plus sur l&#8217;histoire et d\u00e9couvrir d&#8217;autre p\u00e9riodes toutes aussi int\u00e9ressantes ? \u2728<br \/>\n\u2705 En voil\u00e0 plus sur la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/\">R\u00e9volution Industrielle !<\/a> \ud83d\udd25<br \/>\n\u2705 Tu trouveras ici plus d&#8217;infos sur la p\u00e9riode des <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-30-glorieuses\/\">Trente Glorieuses <\/a> \ud83d\udc5b<br \/>\n\u2705 Plus int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-fonctionnement-de-la-democratie-athenienne\/\">la d\u00e9mocratie ath\u00e9nienne <\/a> ? C&#8217;est par l\u00e0 \ud83d\udd31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vasco de Gama \ud83d\udd75\ud83c\udffb\u200d\u2642\ufe0f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Vasco de Gama (1469-1524)<\/strong> est un navigateur portugais principalement connu pour avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 <strong>le premier Europ\u00e9en \u00e0 atteindre les Indes par voie maritime, en contournant le Cap de Bonne Esp\u00e9rance en 1498. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s <strong>1488, Bartolomeu Dias <\/strong>(navigateur portugais n\u00e9 en 1450 et mort en 1500) d\u00e9couvre la grandeur et surtout la longueur du continent africain en atteignant pour la premi\u00e8re fois le Cap de Bonne Esp\u00e9rance apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 charg\u00e9e par le roi <strong>Jean II du Portugal<\/strong> de reprendre les explorations le long des c\u00f4tes africaines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dix ans apr\u00e8s, Vasco de Gama le franchit. Missionn\u00e9 par le roi<strong> Manuel Ier du Portugal<\/strong> (dit <em>Manuel le Grand<\/em>) d\u2019atteindre les Indes par la voie maritime, <strong>il quitte le port de Lisbonne le 8 juillet 1497 et d\u00e9barque \u00e0 Calicut en mai 1498. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce premier voyage constitue un tournant dans l\u2019Histoire : \u00e0 la t\u00eate de quatre navires et de 200 hommes d&#8217;\u00e9quipage, <strong>Vasco de Gama est le premier Europ\u00e9en \u00e0 d\u00e9passer ce Cap.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49\ud83c\udffc Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 le premier \u00e0 naviguer entre l\u2019Europe et l\u2019Asie, offrant ainsi aux Europ\u00e9ens l\u2019<strong>alternative tant recherch\u00e9e \u00e0 la route de la soie<\/strong>.&nbsp;Mais en plus, il permet aussi d\u2019aller au-del\u00e0 des territoires d\u00e9j\u00e0 connus en <strong>explorant un peu plus loin le continent africain<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvZ3JhcGhpZSZzaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n       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                                              <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&#8217;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&#8217;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Fernand de Magellan \ud83d\udc68\ud83c\udffc<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le projet \ud83d\udc40<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Fernand de Magellan (1480-1521)<\/strong> est \u00e9galement un navigateur et explorateur portugais majeur de la p\u00e9riode des grandes d\u00e9couvertes. Sa gloire est due \u00e0 son exploit : avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 le <strong>premier homme \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser un tour du monde maritime (<em>circum navigation<\/em>)<\/strong>. Ce succ\u00e8s date de <strong>1519-1522<\/strong>, achev\u00e9 par <strong>Juan Sebastian Elcano<\/strong> qui prend les commandes de l\u2019\u00e9quipage d\u00e8s le d\u00e9c\u00e8s de Magellan aux Philippines.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s avoir \u00e9t\u00e9 rejet\u00e9 par le roi Manuel Ier du Portugal, le projet heureux de Fernand de Magellan est financ\u00e9 par le roi d\u2019Espagne <strong>Charles Quint<\/strong> et est constitu\u00e9 de 5 navires et 237 hommes d&#8217;\u00e9quipage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019itin\u00e9raire \ud83d\uddfa<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/grands-navigateurs-magellan-3-e1637699023431.png\" alt=\"les grands navigateurs\" class=\"wp-image-165200\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Voil\u00e0 les \u00e9tapes du voyage du grand navigateur \ud83d\uddd3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Escale aux \u00eeles <strong>Canaries<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Travers\u00e9e de l\u2019Atlantique<\/strong> en direction du Sud, les grands navigateurs longent l\u2019Am\u00e9rique latine.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Magellan et son \u00e9quipe <strong>contournent le continent am\u00e9ricain<\/strong> au sud extr\u00eame en empruntant un d\u00e9troit qui, depuis, porte le nom du navigateur connu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Travers\u00e9e de <strong>l\u2019oc\u00e9an Pacifique<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Halte aux Philippines en 1521<\/strong>. Magellan y est tu\u00e9 par des autochtones et Juan Sebastian Elcano prend les rennes du voyage.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le retour se fait par la route d\u00e9couverte par Vasco de Gama : un <strong>contournement du continent africain<\/strong> par le Cap de Bonne Esp\u00e9rance.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 C\u2019est en 1522 que l\u2019\u00e9quipage, constitu\u00e9 de <strong>seulement 18 survivants<\/strong>, rentre en Espagne et parvient \u00e0 boucler le premier tour du monde de l\u2019Histoire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion sur les grands navigateurs et leurs d\u00e9couvertes&nbsp; \u2728<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris : au m\u00eame titre que la Renaissance, la <strong>p\u00e9riode des Grandes d\u00e9couvertes constitue un tournant dans l\u2019Histoire<\/strong>, elle permet de construire un pont entre le Moyen-Age et les Temps Modernes. Ainsi, le r\u00f4le des grands navigateurs et leurs d\u00e9couvertes est comparable au r\u00f4le des artistes de la Renaissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019exploration europ\u00e9enne se poursuit jusqu\u2019au XXe<\/strong>, p\u00e9riode \u00e0 laquelle on estime avoir fig\u00e9 les cartes maritimes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les d\u00e9couvertes des grands navigateurs sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine du d\u00e9veloppement du <strong>commerce mondial<\/strong> et des <strong>voyages<\/strong>, mais elles ont dans un premier temps conduit \u00e0 un type de commerce bien particulier : <strong>le commerce triangulaire entre l\u2019Europe, l\u2019Afrique et l\u2019Am\u00e9rique, synonyme de colonisation et d\u2019exploitation. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;190292&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;10&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.8&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.8\\\/5 - (10 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Les grands navigateurs : qui \u00e9taient-ils ? \ud83d\udd2e&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;107.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 107.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.8\/5 - (10 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00c0 la charni\u00e8re entre le Moyen-\u00c2ge et les Temps Modernes, les XVe et XVIe si\u00e8cles sont marqu\u00e9s par (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":190295,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[77,349,327],"class_list":["post-190292","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-college","tag-sixieme","tag-voyage"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190292","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/158"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190292"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190292\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/190295"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190292"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=190292"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=190292"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}