{"id":190249,"date":"2021-11-14T14:40:59","date_gmt":"2021-11-14T13:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/"},"modified":"2024-08-28T23:26:40","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T21:26:40","slug":"inventions-du-19e-siecle","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00e9volution industrielle : les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle \ud83d\udd70"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La r\u00e9volution industrielle, c&rsquo;est le passage d\u2019une <strong>soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 dominante agraire \u00e0 une<\/strong> <strong>soci\u00e9t\u00e9 commerciale et industrielle<\/strong>. Ce processus historique s\u2019est traduit par les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle, inventions qu&rsquo;on va se faire un plaisir de te pr\u00e9senter. D\u00e9couvertes techniques, machines, proc\u00e9d\u00e9s, brevets&#8230; on te dit tout sur les inventions qui ont boulevers\u00e9 ce si\u00e8cle. Pr\u00eat ? C&rsquo;est parti ! \u200b\ud83d\ude80<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 D\u00e9finition<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>L\u2019expression <strong>\u00ab r\u00e9volution industrielle \u00bb d\u00e9signe le processus de changement rapide de l\u2019industrie<\/strong>. Si elle poss\u00e8de un lien avec les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle, c&rsquo;est parce que ces r\u00e9volutions ont profond\u00e9ment marqu\u00e9 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 en agriculture, en droit, en politique, etc.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"introduction-sur-la-revolution-industrielle\">Introduction sur la r\u00e9volution industrielle \ud83d\udca5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"contexte\">Contexte\u200b \ud83d\udcd6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si la Grande-Bretagne est reconnue comme \u00e9tant<strong> le premier berceau de la r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/strong>, c\u2019est parce que les d\u00e9couvertes et les inventions se sont multipli\u00e9es \u00e0 cet endroit-l\u00e0. Par la suite, cette vague d\u2019innovations est arriv\u00e9e jusqu&rsquo;\u00e0 d&rsquo;autres <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/apprendre-pays-et-capitales\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"207775\">pays<\/a> qualifi\u00e9s de \u00ab suiveurs<strong> <\/strong>\u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Exemples<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>la France ;<\/li>\n<li>les \u00c9tats-Unis ;<\/li>\n<li>l\u2019Allemagne ;<\/li>\n<li>la Russie ;<\/li>\n<li>le Japon.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-periodes-de-la-revolution-industrielle\">Les p\u00e9riodes de la r\u00e9volution industrielle<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 Voici les deux phases qui composent cette p\u00e9riode importante :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>La premi\u00e8re r\u00e9volution industrielle <strong>d\u00e9bute avec l&rsquo;invention de la machine \u00e0 vapeur en 1769<\/strong> et elle est marqu\u00e9e par des innovations li\u00e9es aux transports, au textile, etc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u200b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u21aa\ufe0f Exemple :<\/strong> en 1800, 80% du coton est travaill\u00e9 m\u00e9caniquement.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>La seconde r\u00e9volution industrielle<strong> s&rsquo;\u00e9tend de 1850 \u00e0 1914<\/strong> (date de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-premiere-guerre-mondiale\/\">Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale<\/a>) et elle est marqu\u00e9e par des innovations li\u00e9es \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 et \u00e0 l\u2019industrie chimique et p\u00e9troli\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #1 = CPG1\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fabien2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fabien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier cours particulier est offert ! <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><!-- notionvc: 91b6b7d7-50f2-46f4-ae1f-ecbabe834aad --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles et universit\u00e9s.<!-- notionvc: 21bb66b6-b36d-4ce8-8950-173722d75a1e --><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: #ffffff; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-inventions-du-xixe-siecle-dans-lagriculture\">Les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle dans l\u2019agriculture \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udf3e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Durant la seconde moiti\u00e9 du XIXe si\u00e8cle, le domaine de l&rsquo;<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/agriculture\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"263157\">agriculture<\/a> \u00e9volue en profondeur. Avec la r\u00e9volution industrielle viennent <strong>la m\u00e9canisation agricole et le d\u00e9veloppement des transports<\/strong>. Les soci\u00e9t\u00e9s rurales prennent un petit coup de neuf et on abolit (enfin !) l&rsquo;assolement triennal. \ud83c\udf3e<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\ud83d\udca1 Le savais-tu ?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Au d\u00e9but du Moyen \u00c2ge, on d\u00e9veloppe ce qu&rsquo;on appelle \u00ab l&rsquo;assolement triennal \u00bb, <strong>une m\u00e9thode de production qui r\u00e9partit les terres de chaque village en trois lots<\/strong>. Progressivement, cette pratique est abandonn\u00e9e au profit d&rsquo;une agriculture plus intensive.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Bien entendu, on ne s&rsquo;arr\u00eate pas en si bon chemin ! Avec la nouvelle organisation des cultures appara\u00eet <strong>une vraie r\u00e9volution m\u00e9canique<\/strong>. Au milieu du XIXe si\u00e8cle, elle prend son essor en France et sa caract\u00e9rise par l&rsquo;apparition de diff\u00e9rents engins agricoles.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Exemples<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li>La faucheuse qui sert \u00e0 couper les v\u00e9g\u00e9taux,<\/li>\n<li>la moissonneuse qui r\u00e9colte les cultures,<\/li>\n<li>la batteuse qui s\u00e9pare chaque grain de son enveloppe.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udccd <strong>Note : <\/strong>c&rsquo;est en 1834 que l\u2019am\u00e9ricain Cyrus McCormick invente <strong>la premi\u00e8re faucheuse-moissonneuse<\/strong> <strong>m\u00e9canique<\/strong>. Cette machine est une grosse d\u00e9couverte puisqu&rsquo;elle permet de r\u00e9duire la main-d&rsquo;oeuvre.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1024&amp;h=853\" alt=\"Une moissonneuse passe dans un champ.\" class=\"wp-image-265643\" style=\"width:608px;height:405px\" width=\"608\" height=\"405\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1280 1280w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=188 188w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=557 557w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=378 378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 608px) 100vw, 608px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u00e8s 1840, on voit aussi l&rsquo;arriv\u00e9e <strong>des premiers engrais chimiques et des pesticides<\/strong>, ce qui permet d&rsquo;augmenter les rendements. Bref, c&rsquo;est un pas de g\u00e9ant pour l&rsquo;agriculture !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"relance\">\n        <div >\n                            <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">\n                    <div class=\"relance__container\"\n                        >\n                        \n                                                        <picture>\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Me\u0301thode-de-la-Composition-en-Histoire-au-Bac-7.jpeg\" media=\"(min-width: 999px)\">\n                            <source srcset=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Me\u0301thode-de-la-Composition-en-Histoire-au-Bac-7.jpeg\" media=\"(max-width: 999px)\">\n                                <img decoding=\"async\"\n                                    src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Me\u0301thode-de-la-Composition-en-Histoire-au-Bac-7.jpeg\"\n                                    alt=\"Me\u0301thode de la Composition en Histoire au Bac 7\"\n                                >\n                            <\/picture>\n                                                <div class=\"relance__content\">\n                            \n                                <div class=\"relance__title\"> <p>Besoin d&rsquo;un coup de pouce en histoire ? Prends des cours particuliers et progresse !\u200b \ud83c\udfaf<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <button type=\"button\"\n                                    class=\"relance__button btn btn-white\">\n                                Cartonne en histoire\n                            <\/button>\n                        <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n                <\/a>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n    \n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-inventions-du-xixe-siecle-dans-lindustrie\">Les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle dans l\u2019industrie<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-machine-a-vapeur\">La machine \u00e0 vapeur \u2668\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1769, <strong>l\u2019ing\u00e9nieur britannique James Watt invente la machine \u00e0 vapeur<\/strong> : moteur \u00e0 combustion qui transforme l\u2019\u00e9nergie thermique d\u00e9gag\u00e9e par la vapeur d\u2019eau en une \u00e9nergie m\u00e9canique. Cette invention repr\u00e9sente un tournant dans l\u2019histoire de l&rsquo;industrie. C&rsquo;est m\u00eame LA cl\u00e9 de la r\u00e9volution industrielle !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-1.gif\" alt=\"Des ouvriers travaillent \u00e0 l'usine.\" class=\"wp-image-265645\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>Cette innovation chamboule aussi les transports, le textile, la m\u00e9tallurgie, etc. L\u2019apparition de cette technologie a permis<strong> la cr\u00e9ation exponentielle des machines<\/strong>, ce qui a concentr\u00e9 les ouvriers dans les usines et non plus chez eux. On parle alors de <em>factory system<\/em> !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-inventions-dans-le-textile\">Les inventions dans le textile \ud83d\udc57<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le textile est l&rsquo;un des secteurs qui a le plus \u00e9volu\u00e9 au cours du XIXe si\u00e8cle. Il a \u00e9t\u00e9 un secteur moteur dans la transition gr\u00e2ce aux multiples inventions qui ont vu le jour. Par exemple, <strong>les capacit\u00e9s de tissage ont augment\u00e9 <\/strong>de mani\u00e8re exponentielle.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li><strong>1733 :<\/strong> la navette volante de John Kay multiplie par cinq la taille des \u00e9toffes.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1767 :<\/strong> la Waterframe substitue la force hydraulique \u00e0 la force humaine.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1785 :<\/strong> le premier m\u00e9tier \u00e0 tisser m\u00e9canique n\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 ces nouvelles techniques, <strong>la production textile a \u00e9t\u00e9 multipli\u00e9e par quatre en Grande-Bretagne <\/strong>en l&rsquo;espace de quarante ans. De m\u00eame, les innovations du secteur textile ont apport\u00e9 de nouvelles innovations dans d\u2019autres secteurs comme la sid\u00e9rurgie.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b<strong>\ud83d\udccd Exemple :<\/strong> les machines ne sont plus en bois, mais en fer.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-inventions-du-xixe-siecle-dans-lhygiene-et-la-sante\">Les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle dans l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne et la sant\u00e9  <\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-vaccins\">Les vaccins \ud83d\udc89<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Dans les ann\u00e9es 1790, Edward Jenner, scientifique et m\u00e9decin anglais, <strong>invente le premier vaccin et d\u00e9pose un brevet :<\/strong> <strong>le vaccin contre la variole<\/strong>. Dans un premier temps, l\u2019opinion publique y est r\u00e9ticente. Il faudra attendre 1840 pour que le gouvernement britannique encourage la vaccination. \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83d\udd2c<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1024&amp;h=853\" alt=\"Une personne se fait vacciner.\" class=\"wp-image-265647\" style=\"width:445px;height:297px\" width=\"445\" height=\"297\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1280 1280w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=188 188w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=557 557w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=725 725w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-2.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=378 378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/louis-pasteur\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"258132\">Louis Pasteur<\/a> continue sur cette voie<\/strong> en inventant le vaccin contre le chol\u00e9ra des poules en 1879, le vaccin contre la maladie du charbon en 1881 et le vaccin contre la rage en 1885.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-lentilles-et-lunettes-de-vue\">Les lentilles et lunettes de vue \ud83d\udc40<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Au XIXe, <strong>les lunettes se d\u00e9veloppent et sont produites en masse<\/strong> gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la m\u00e9canisation. Si tu es un fin connaisseur, tu sais s\u00fbrement que les verres concaves existaient d\u00e9j\u00e0 depuis le XVe si\u00e8cle. Cependant, ils n\u2019ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9mocratis\u00e9s parce qu&rsquo;ils \u00e9taient jug\u00e9s inesth\u00e9tiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Rappel : <\/strong>les verres concaves sont <strong>des verres plus fins au centre et plus larges aux bords<\/strong>. C&rsquo;est cette forme particuli\u00e8re qui leur permet de corriger la vision de loin.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u200b\ud83d\udd25 Autres d\u00e9couvertes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <ul>\n<li><strong>1825 :<\/strong> George Airy invente des verres qui corrigent l\u2019astigmatisme.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vers 1840 :<\/strong> les binocles sont remplac\u00e9s par des verres \u00e0 branches.<\/li>\n<li><strong>1887 :<\/strong> les lentilles bifocales sont d\u00e9velopp\u00e9es \u00e0 partir de verre souffl\u00e9.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-rayons-x\">Les rayons X \ud83d\udc65<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les rayons X furent d\u00e9couverts par <strong>le physicien W. R\u00f6ntgen en 1895<\/strong>. Cette d\u00e9couverte lui valu le prix Nobel en physique ! Plut\u00f4t cool, pas vrai ?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"360\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-3.gif\" alt=\"Bob l'\u00e9ponge teste les rayons X.\" class=\"wp-image-265650\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-radium\">Le radium \u2622<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le radium a \u00e9t\u00e9 d\u00e9couvert par le c\u00e9l\u00e8bre duo <strong>Pierre et <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/la-biographie-de-marie-curie\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"214354\">Marie Curie<\/a> en 1898<\/strong>. Ils se sont bas\u00e9s sur la d\u00e9couverte d\u2019Henri Becquerel qui s&rsquo;\u00e9tait rendu compte que les sels d\u2019uranium \u00e9mettaient des rayons diff\u00e9rents des rayons X. D&rsquo;o\u00f9 le nom :  rayons uraniques !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En v\u00e9rit\u00e9, c\u2019est Marie Curie qui a d\u00e9couvert la radioactivit\u00e9 <strong>en s\u2019int\u00e9ressant au rayonnement des sels d\u2019uranium<\/strong>. Puis, avec son mari, elle s\u2019est int\u00e9ress\u00e9e aux min\u00e9raux d\u00e9tenant de l\u2019uranium et a d\u00e9couvert deux nouveaux \u00e9l\u00e9ments extr\u00eamement radioactifs : le polonium et le radium.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Pour leurs travaux, <strong>le couple recevra aussi un prix Nobel en physique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-technologies-de-la-communication\">Les technologies de la communication<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-son-et-le-cinema\">Le son et le cin\u00e9ma \ud83d\udcf3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1876, <strong>Alexander Graham Bell cr\u00e9e le vibraphone<\/strong> : premier t\u00e9l\u00e9phone au monde, compos\u00e9 de bois et de fil tremp\u00e9 dans de l\u2019acide. Le premier t\u00e9l\u00e9graphe est n\u00e9. Cette machine permet de transmettre des messages \u00e0 distance. \u260e\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 En 1877, l\u2019am\u00e9ricain <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/thomas-edison\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"258596\">Thomas Edison<\/a> met \u00e0 son tour au point le phonographe<\/strong>, un outil capable d\u2019enregistrer et de restituer les sons. Incroyable, pas vrai ?<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg\" alt=\"Thomas Edison et le phonographe.\" class=\"wp-image-265652\" style=\"width:421px;height:531px\" width=\"421\" height=\"531\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=723 723w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=238 238w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=99 99w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=216 216w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=294 294w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-5-edited.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=48 48w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 421px) 100vw, 421px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>En 1892, \u00c9mile Reynaud  pr\u00e9sente les premi\u00e8res projections non photographiques sur grand \u00e9cran : <strong>les premiers dessins anim\u00e9s<\/strong>. Ils durent plus d\u2019une minute. En 1900, les films d\u2019animation vont jusqu\u2019\u00e0 5 minutes. Les premiers films photographiques datent quant \u00e0 eux de 1895. \ud83c\udfa5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lelectricite\">L\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \ud83d\udca1<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les premi\u00e8res exp\u00e9riences d\u2019\u00e9clairage \u00e9lectrique naissent de la technique de l\u2019incandescence :<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 1835 : Lindsay pr\u00e9sente une lampe \u00e9lectrique \u00e0 lumi\u00e8re constante.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 1879 : Edison con\u00e7oit une ampoule avec une fibre de coton carbonis\u00e9e.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 1897 : la lampe de Nernst remplace le filament carbone par le c\u00e9ramique.<\/p>\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 1800 : Volta invente la premi\u00e8re pile volta\u00efque.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #2 = CPG2\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Thibault2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Thibault<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris Ulm<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">20\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Noemie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">No\u00e9mie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">M2 en droit \u00e0 Assas<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Fanny2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Fanny<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Ponts ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Simon2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Simon<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">4e ann\u00e9e de m\u00e9decine<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un prof particulier ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 9b5ed38b-ea2e-4d3c-a3bb-f0091c2eedd2 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos profs sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser !<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- notionvc: 20490bdd-6579-484b-9d99-0ff0bc1aa8e7 --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-inventions-du-xixe-siecle-dans-les-transports\">Les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle dans les transports \ud83d\udee4<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Les inventions dans le secteur des transports ont \u00e9t\u00e9 si importantes dans l\u2019histoire qu\u2019on parle souvent de <strong>\u00ab r\u00e9volution des transports \u00bb<\/strong>. \u00c7a t&rsquo;intrigue ? Voyons \u00e7a de plus pr\u00e8s ensemble ! \ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-routes\">Les routes \ud83d\udee3<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 l\u2019initiative de l\u2019\u00c9tat<strong> <\/strong>(comme en France) ou \u00e0 l\u2019initiative des entrepreneurs pragmatiques (comme en Grande-Bretagne),<strong> les routes ont beaucoup \u00e9volu\u00e9 au cours du XIXe si\u00e8cle<\/strong>. Elles ont subi de nombreuses transformations.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"you-know\">\n                <div class=\"you-know__title\"><p>\u21aa\ufe0f Exemple<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                        <div class=\"you-know__text\">\n            <p>Le rev\u00eatement macadam a permis <strong>l\u2019imperm\u00e9abilit\u00e9 des routes<\/strong> et de doubler la vitesse des diligences de sept \u00e0 dix-sept kilom\u00e8tres par heure. Il tire son nom de son inventeur : John Loudon McAdam.<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n              <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 <strong>ces nouvelles technologies qui facilitent les transports<\/strong>, les routes se multiplient : en France, le programme des Routes Royales entrepris sous <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/portrait-de-napoleon\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"243697\">Napol\u00e9on<\/a> se poursuit avec la route d\u2019Espagne et la route du col du Montgen\u00e8vre vers l\u2019Italie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-navigation\">La navigation \u2693\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200bEn 1803, <strong>Robert Fulton d\u00e9veloppe le premier bateau \u00e0 vapeur<\/strong> : le Steamboat qui permet de traverser l\u2019Atlantique en treize jours. De m\u00eame, les voiliers sont grandement chang\u00e9s. Dans les ann\u00e9es 1830, on met quarante jours pour traverser l\u2019Atlantique. En affinant les voiles, on passe \u00e0 quinze jours. \u26f5\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-6.gif\" alt=\"Un minion p\u00e9dale tr\u00e8s vite.\" class=\"wp-image-265656\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 En 1822, le paquebot est cr\u00e9\u00e9 : l\u2019Aaron Manby, premier bateau en m\u00e9tal, p\u00e8se 116 tonnes !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-chemins-de-fer\">Les chemins de fer \ud83d\ude9e<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ce domaine conna\u00eet une explosion \u00e0 partir de la cr\u00e9ation de<strong> la machine \u00e0 vapeur de James Watt<\/strong> qui ouvre un nouveau boulevard des possibles en termes d\u2019invention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u200b\ud83d\udc49 En 1804, <strong>Richard Trevithick met au point la premi\u00e8re locomotive <\/strong>qui permet de d\u00e9placer quinze tonnes de charbon sur huit kilom\u00e8tres \u00e0 une vitesse de quinze kilom\u00e8tres par heure. M\u00eame si on est toujours loin des voitures \u00e9lectriques, c\u2019est un bouleversement technologique pour l&rsquo;\u00e9poque ! \ud83d\ude82<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?func=bound&amp;w=1024&amp;h=853\" alt=\"Un chemin de fer.\" class=\"wp-image-265657\" style=\"width:472px;height:314px\" width=\"472\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1280 1280w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=300 300w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=1024 1024w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=768 768w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=188 188w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=396 396w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=288 288w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=557 557w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=265 265w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=60 60w, https:\/\/xapbm7c37i.cloudimg.io\/https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/inventions-du-19e-siecle-7.jpg?q=85&amp;force_format=webp&amp;org_if_sml=1&amp;w=378 378w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 472px) 100vw, 472px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>D\u200b\u200bans les ann\u00e9es 1830,<strong> les lignes charbonni\u00e8res s\u2019ouvrent au public<\/strong> et on cr\u00e9e des lignes passag\u00e8res. Ainsi, entre 1837 et 1850, le r\u00e9seau des chemins de fer anglais passe de 870 km \u00e0 10 500 km.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion\u200b \ud83c\udfaf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019auras compris, <strong>le XIXe si\u00e8cle est LE si\u00e8cle des d\u00e9couvertes techniques<\/strong> dans le monde entier ! En histoire, c\u2019est une p\u00e9riode essentielle \u00e0 conna\u00eetre. Ces innovations concernent tous les domaines et la plupart ont ouvert la voie aux technologies sans lesquelles tu ne t\u2019imaginerais m\u00eame pas vivre.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;190249&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;59&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;3.8&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;3.8\\\/5 - (59 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;R\u00e9volution industrielle : les inventions du XIXe si\u00e8cle \ud83d\udd70&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;107.7&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 107.7px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            3.8\/5 - (59 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La r\u00e9volution industrielle, c\u2019est le passage d\u2019une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 dominante agraire \u00e0 une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 commerciale et industrielle. Ce (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":158,"featured_media":265658,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821,814],"tag":[315,77,352],"class_list":["post-190249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","category-technologie-sciences-ingenieur","tag-brevet","tag-college","tag-troisieme"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190249","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/158"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190249"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190249\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/265658"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190249"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=190249"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=190249"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}