{"id":190112,"date":"2021-09-08T14:40:25","date_gmt":"2021-09-08T12:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mediterranee-medievale\/"},"modified":"2026-10-22T17:16:34","modified_gmt":"2026-10-22T15:16:34","slug":"mediterranee-medievale","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mediterranee-medievale\/","title":{"rendered":"[2nde] Tout savoir sur la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale \u2693"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Ahh la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/strong>\u2026 rien qu\u2019\u00e0 entendre le titre de ce chapitre d\u2019histoire, tu trembles d\u00e9j\u00e0 de peur ! \ud83d\ude31 Tu ne sais pas faire la diff\u00e9rence entre l\u2019empire byzantin et l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien d\u2019un point de vue religieux ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Califats, chiites, sunnites, schisme, basileus\u2026 ces notions se confondent en une masse confuse et incompr\u00e9hensible dans ta t\u00eate ? \ud83e\udd2f Pas de panique : tu es au bon endroit. Dans cet article, nous allons t\u2019expliquer <strong>tout ce qu\u2019il faut savoir sur les trois civilisations ayant domin\u00e9 la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e entre le XIe et XIIIe si\u00e8cle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu verras que, contrairement \u00e0 ce que l\u2019on pourrait penser, la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale et ses trois civilisations regorgent de rebondissements palpitants et d&rsquo;\u00e9v\u00e9nements dignes d\u2019une s\u00e9rie Netflix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si tu es passionn\u00e9 par les croisades et les interactions entre les civilisations ? Renforce tes connaissances avec des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours de soutien en histoire m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/a><\/strong> pour mieux comprendre les conflits de l&rsquo;\u00e9poque. \u2694\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-trois-grandes-civilisations-de-la-mediterranee-medievale\">Les trois grandes civilisations de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale \ud83c\udf0a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Et oui, tu t\u2019en doutais peut-\u00eatre apr\u00e8s avoir lu l\u2019intro de cet article\u2026 la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale est domin\u00e9e par <strong>trois civilisations diff\u00e9rentes : l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien, l\u2019empire byzantin et le monde musulman.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ces civilisations ont li\u00e9 des <strong>relations complexes entre elles<\/strong> : elles seront \u00e0 la fois alli\u00e9es d\u2019un point de vue commercial \ud83e\udd1d, mais aussi concurrentes voire ennemies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de d\u00e9couvrir les liens qui les unissaient, les terribles guerres qui les ont d\u00e9chir\u00e9es, commen\u00e7ons par d\u00e9couvrir leurs caract\u00e9ristiques respectives.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"loccident-chretien\">L\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien \u271d\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme son nom l\u2019indique, l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien se situe en Occident (\u00e0 l\u2019ouest) et la religion dominante est le christianisme et plus particuli\u00e8rement le catholicisme.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-1-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-1.mp4\" width=\"498\" height=\"498\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 498 \/ 498;max-width:100%;width:498px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br> Plus s\u00e9rieusement, l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien na\u00eet \u00e0 la suite de <strong>la chute de l\u2019empire romain en 476<\/strong>. C\u2019est un ensemble de royaumes plac\u00e9s sous l\u2019autorit\u00e9 du Pape. Les principaux royaumes \ud83d\udc51 sont :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le royaume de France<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le Saint Empire romain germanique<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le royaume d\u2019Espagne et du Portugal<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Au sud de l\u2019Italie, le royaume normand<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-place-de-la-politique-et-de-la-religion-au-sein-de-loccident-chretien\">La place de la politique et de la religion au sein de l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A partir du XI\u00e8me si\u00e8cle, l\u2019Occident chr\u00e9tien s\u2019organise autour de <strong>soci\u00e9t\u00e9s f\u00e9odales<\/strong>. Ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s sont compos\u00e9es de trois ordres, elles sont donc <a href=\"https:\/\/www.linternaute.fr\/dictionnaire\/fr\/definition\/tripartite\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\"><strong>tripartites<\/strong><\/a> (<em>mot compliqu\u00e9 que tu peux caser dans tes copies pour impressionner ton prof et avoir l\u2019air plus intelligent \ud83d\ude04<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les clercs (ceux qui prient, principalement les religieux et les moines) \ud83d\ude4f\ud83c\udffb<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les nobles et les chevaliers (ceux qui combattent) \u2694\ufe0f<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les paysans, les commer\u00e7ants et les artisans (ceux qui travaillent) \u26cf\ufe0f<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Ces soci\u00e9t\u00e9s f\u00e9odales sont organis\u00e9es en seigneuries, dirig\u00e9es par des seigneurs o\u00f9 travaillent les paysans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et la place de l\u2019Eglise dans les seigneuries me diras-tu ?\ud83e\udd14 L\u2019Eglise joue un r\u00f4le important dans le pouvoir politique. Les seigneurs qui dirigent estiment avoir re\u00e7u leur pouvoir des mains de Dieu et ils l\u2019exercent en son nom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Ce r\u00e9gime politique est appel\u00e9 <strong>la th\u00e9ocratie<\/strong>, du grec \u00ab th\u00e9os \u00bb (Dieu) et \u00ab kratos \u00bb (pouvoir). Un peu d\u2019\u00e9tymologie, \u00e7a ne fait jamais de mal. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong>\u2705 Jette un \u0153il \u00e0 notre article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/locutions-latines-a-connaitre\/\">les locutions latines \u00e0 conna\u00eetre \ud83d\udcab<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lempire-byzantin\">L\u2019Empire byzantin \u2626\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019Empire byzantin na\u00eet \u00e0 la suite de <strong>la s\u00e9paration de l\u2019empire romain en 395 par l\u2019empereur Th\u00e9odose<\/strong>. Il prend le nom d\u2019empire byzantin en r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 sa capitale, <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/constantinople\/\">Byzance, plus tard devenue Constantinople<\/a>. Il s\u2019\u00e9tend autour de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, des Balkans \u00e0 l\u2019Anatolie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-place-de-la-politique-et-de-la-religion-au-sein-de-lempire-byzantin\">La place de la politique et de la religion au sein de l\u2019empire byzantin.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019empire byzantin est gouvern\u00e9 par <strong>le Basileus<\/strong>, consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme le lieutenant de Dieu sur terre. Il concentre tous les pouvoirs, dirigeant l\u2019\u00e9tat et l\u2019arm\u00e9e. Il nomme <strong>le Patriarche<\/strong>, qui est le chef de l\u2019\u00e9glise orthodoxe.<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-407.gif\" alt=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Oui tu as bien lu, contrairement \u00e0 ce qu\u2019on pourrait penser, la religion n\u2019est pas gouvern\u00e9e par le Pape dans l\u2019empire byzantin mais par le Patriarche, suite au <strong>schisme.<\/strong> Ce mot complexe ne t\u2019\u00e9voque rien du tout ?<br>\n<br>\nUn petit r\u00e9capitulatif s\u2019impose. \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recap-le-schisme\">\u2714\ufe0f R\u00e9cap : le schisme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Le schisme d\u00e9signe la s\u00e9paration entre l\u2019Eglise catholique d\u2019Occident et l\u2019Eglise orthodoxe d\u2019Orient ayant eu lieu en 1054. Voici les quelques diff\u00e9rences entre ces \u00e9glises :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-833\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-833\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">\u00c9glise catholique<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">\u00c9glise orthodoxe<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Chef religieux : le Pape<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Chef religieux : le Patriarche de Constantinople<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les pr\u00eates sont c\u00e9libataires<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Les pr\u00eatres peuvent se marier<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Plan de l'\u00c9glise en croix latine<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Plan de l'\u00c9glise en croix grecque<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-5\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Messe en latin<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Messe en grec<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-6\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les ic\u00f4nes ne sont pas v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Les ic\u00f4nes sont v\u00e9n\u00e9r\u00e9es<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-833 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-monde-musulman\">&nbsp;Le monde musulman \u262a\ufe0f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le monde musulman na\u00eet <strong>\u00e0 la suite des conqu\u00eates effectu\u00e9es par les Califes apr\u00e8s la mort de Mahomet en 632 afin de diffuser l\u2019islam.<\/strong> C\u2019est un vaste territoire qui, \u00e0 partir de l\u2019Arabie, s\u2019est \u00e9tendu en Afrique du Nord, au sud de l\u2019Espagne, au Proche Orient ainsi qu\u2019au nord de l\u2019Inde.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"place-de-la-politique-et-la-religion-dans-le-monde-musulman\">Place de la politique et la religion dans le monde musulman<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le monde musulman m\u00e9di\u00e9val est aussi r\u00e9gi par <strong>une th\u00e9ocratie<\/strong>. Il est d\u2019abord d\u00e9tenu par le proph\u00e8te Mahomet, ensuite \u00e0 sa mort par <strong>des Califes<\/strong> (\u00ab rempla\u00e7ants \u00bb en arabe). Les Califes sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s comme les repr\u00e9sentants de Dieu sur terre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Qui sont donc les Califes ayant r\u00e9gn\u00e9 suite \u00e0 la mort de Mahomet ? \ud83e\udd14 Le monde musulman est divis\u00e9 en <strong>deux courants<\/strong> concernant cette question : les chiites et les sunnites.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 <strong>Diff\u00e9rence entre les chiites et les sunnites :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les chiites consid\u00e8rent que la succession de Mahomet doit se fonder sur <strong>l\u2019h\u00e9r\u00e9dit\u00e9<\/strong>. C\u2019est donc le gendre de Mahomet, Ali, qui devrait gouverner.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les sunnites consid\u00e8rent que le successeur de Mahomet peut \u00eatre <strong>\u00e9lu<\/strong> ou <strong>d\u00e9sign\u00e9<\/strong> au sein d\u2019une dynastie, \u00e0 condition que les traditions (la \u00ab Sunna \u00bb en arabe) soient respect\u00e9es.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">\u2705 Tu veux en savoir plus sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/bagdad-histoire-5eme\/\">Bagdad au Moyen-\u00c2ge<\/a> ? \u270c<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Ce d\u00e9saccord entre chiites et sunnites est \u00e0 l\u2019origine de la division de l\u2019empire musulman en plusieurs califats :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le Califat de Cordoue<\/strong>, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend sur la moiti\u00e9 du Sud de l\u2019Espagne et au Maghreb. Il est domin\u00e9 par diverses dynasties sunnites entre le VIIIe et le XIIIe si\u00e8cle, dont celles des Omeyades, des Almoravides et des Almohades.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le Califat de Fatimides<\/strong>, qui s\u2019\u00e9tend de l\u2019\u00c9gypte jusqu\u2019aux fronti\u00e8res de l\u2019empire byzantin, est dirig\u00e9 par la dynastie chiite des Fatimides.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Le Califat de Bagdad<\/strong>, situ\u00e9 au Moyen-Orient, est gouvern\u00e9 par la dynastie chiite Abbaside.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>A partir du IXe si\u00e8cle, <strong>les Turcs Seldjoukides<\/strong> vont remettre en question ces divisions. Mais nous parlerons de leur impact plus tard au cours de cet article !<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                            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          class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS OFFERT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-mediterranee-medievale-un-espace-dechanges-commerciaux\">La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : un espace d\u2019\u00e9changes commerciaux \ud83d\udcb0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Et oui, tu t\u2019en doutes bien, ces trois civilisations sont rentr\u00e9es en contact, notamment par le biais <strong>d\u2019\u00e9changes commerciaux.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-mediterranee-medievale-un-carrefour-commercial\">La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : un carrefour commercial \ud83d\udd04<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, par sa position g\u00e9ographique, est un v\u00e9ritable carrefour entre l\u2019Europe, l\u2019Afrique et l\u2019Asie permettant de faire circuler de nombreuses marchandises venant des quatre coins du monde. \ud83c\udf0d<br> Voici les marchandises qui y circulaient au Moyen-\u00c2ge :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les produits de luxe<\/strong> comme les \u00e9pices, la soie, les parfums et l\u2019or viennent d\u2019Orient, des Indes, de Chine, d\u2019Afrique et vont vers l\u2019Occident.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les mati\u00e8res premi\u00e8res<\/strong>, telles que le tissu, le cuir, le bois viennent d\u2019Europe de l\u2019Ouest et vont vers l\u2019Orient.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-3-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-3.mp4\" width=\"480\" height=\"480\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 480 \/ 480;max-width:100%;width:480px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Tu te demandes peut-\u00eatre comment de tels \u00e9changes faits aux quatre coins de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e sont coordonn\u00e9s ? \ud83e\udd14<br>\n<br>\nLa r\u00e9ponse est simple ! \ud83d\ude04 <strong>Ils sont coordonn\u00e9s par un peuple de marchants.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allez, une petite devinette pour essayer de trouver. \ud83d\ude09 Ces personnes se situent sur une p\u00e9ninsule en forme de botte situ\u00e9e au sud de l\u2019Europe, ce sont ? <strong>Les marchands italiens !<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-role-des-republiques-maritimes-italiennes-dans-le-commerce-mediterraneen\">Le r\u00f4le des r\u00e9publiques maritimes italiennes dans le commerce m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en \u2693<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de comprendre quel \u00e9tait le r\u00f4le des marchands italiens dans le commerce, il faut savoir que l\u2019Italie \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque n\u2019\u00e9tait pas <strong>un royaume uni<\/strong>. En effet, la p\u00e9ninsule \u00e9tait divis\u00e9e en <strong>cit\u00e9s rivales<\/strong> qui entraient souvent en conflit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les cit\u00e9s dominant le commerce au Moyen-\u00c2ge \u00e9taient au nombre de <strong>quatre<\/strong>, toutes situ\u00e9es au Nord de l\u2019Italie :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Amalfi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pise<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>G\u00eanes<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Venise<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Les marchands italiens servaient d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires commerciaux entre le Nord de l\u2019Europe et le reste de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e. <\/strong>Prenons l\u2019exemple de Venise pour comprendre quel \u00e9tait leur r\u00f4le.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"venise-une-grande-puissance-commerciale-et-maritime-au-coeur-de-la-mediterranee-medievale\">\u2714\ufe0f Venise, une grande puissance commerciale et maritime au c\u0153ur de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Le port de Venise \u00e9tait sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le n\u00e9goce de produits de luxe. \ud83d\udc8e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les V\u00e9nitiens achetaient donc ces produits aux marchands musulmans pour les revendre en Occident. Pour r\u00e9aliser cette action, ils exploitaient des comptoirs qu\u2019ils poss\u00e9daient dans l\u2019empire byzantin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong>Tu peux donc constater que nos trois civilisations sont en contact entre elles gr\u00e2ce au commerce organis\u00e9 par les V\u00e9nitiens.<\/strong> \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-4-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-4.mp4\" width=\"498\" height=\"214\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 498 \/ 214;max-width:100%;width:498px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-mediterranee-medievale-un-carrefour-culturel\">La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale : un carrefour culturel \ud83d\udcd6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale n\u2019est pas uniquement un espace d\u2019\u00e9changes commerciaux, mais \u00e9galement un <strong>carrefour<\/strong> o\u00f9 se c\u00f4toient <strong>diff\u00e9rentes cultures<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>C\u2019est le cas de la Sicile, qui a d\u2019abord \u00e9t\u00e9 conquise par l&rsquo;arm\u00e9e de Byzance, ensuite par les Arabes et enfin par les Normands au Xe si\u00e8cle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-sicile-normande-un-espace-multiculturel-au-coeur-de-la-mediterranee-medievale\">\u2714\ufe0f La Sicile normande : un espace multiculturel au c\u0153ur de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Normands, apr\u00e8s avoir conquis la Sicile, mettent en place une <strong>coexistence pacifique <\/strong>\ud83d\udd4a\ufe0f entre les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s qui y vivent, chaque peuple ayant l<strong>e droit de pratiquer sa langue et sa religion<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude4f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu es impressionn\u00e9 par autant de tol\u00e9rance vis-\u00e0-vis des \u00e9trangers ?<strong> Attends de voir les d\u00e9cisions diplomatiques du roi normand Roger II. \ud83d\ude09<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Pour le roi Roger II, la coexistence entre les diff\u00e9rentes communaut\u00e9s est tr\u00e8s importante. C\u2019est pour cette raison qu\u2019il s\u2019entoure de <strong>conseillers latins, byzantins et arabes<\/strong>. Il fait \u00e9galement r\u00e9diger ses trait\u00e9s dans ces trois langues.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Ce brassage culturel est aussi pr\u00e9sent dans <strong>l\u2019architecture de la capitale de la Sicile : Palerme<\/strong>. <strong>La cath\u00e9drale de Monreale<\/strong> (\u26a0\ufe0f attention \u00e0 ne pas confondre avec la ville de Montr\u00e9al au Canada : \u00e7a n\u2019a rien a voir Tabernacle !) est un exemple phare du style <strong>arabo-normand <\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Les d\u00e9corations en arabesques sont arabes.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les coupoles recouvertes de mosa\u00efques dor\u00e9es sont byzantines.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le plan en croix et les ogives qui soutiennent les vo\u00fbtes sont normands.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-mediterranee-medievale-au-coeur-des-conflits\">La M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale au c\u0153ur des conflits \ud83d\udca5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Malheureusement, la vie n\u2019est pas toute rose\u2026 m\u00eame si nos trois civilisations ont eu des relations pacifiques celles-ci se sont d\u00e9t\u00e9rior\u00e9es, entra\u00eenant <strong>des conflits<\/strong>. \ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Tu as surement entendu parler des croisades, lorsque tu \u00e9tais au coll\u00e8ge ?<\/strong> Ou peut-\u00eatre que tes cours de 5e te paraissent \u00eatre plus anciens que l\u2019extinction des dinosaures ? \ud83e\udd95<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-5-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-5.mp4\" width=\"380\" height=\"344\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 380 \/ 344;max-width:100%;width:380px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\"><\/video><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Tes cours de 5\u00e8me aussi \u00e2g\u00e9s que cette dame&#8230;<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Donc voici un petit r\u00e9capitulatif pour y voir plus clair. \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"recap-les-croisades\">\u2714\ufe0f R\u00e9cap : les croisades<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu te souviens des <strong>Turcs Seldjoukides<\/strong> qu\u2019on avait \u00e9voqu\u00e9s au d\u00e9but de l\u2019article ? \ud83e\udd14 Ils envahissent le Proche Orient entre 1071 et 1087, emp\u00eachant ainsi les chr\u00e9tiens \u00e0 r\u00e9aliser leur p\u00e8lerinage \u00e0 J\u00e9rusalem, contrairement \u00e0 l\u2019autorisation qui avait jusque-l\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 accord\u00e9e par les Arabes qui occupaient la r\u00e9gion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 L\u2019empereur byzantin se sentant menac\u00e9 par les Turcs Seldjoukides demande de l\u2019aide au Pape Urbain II. Celui-ci lance <strong>la premi\u00e8re croisade en 1095<\/strong> pour reprendre <strong>les lieux saints<\/strong>, mais \u00e9galement pour <strong>r\u00e9concilier les deux \u00e9glises divis\u00e9es apr\u00e8s le schisme<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>Le pape Urbain II appelle tous les fid\u00e8les chr\u00e9tiens \u00e0 d\u00e9livrer les lieux saints, en leur promettant le salut de leurs \u00e2mes<\/strong>. \ud83d\ude4f\ud83c\udffb Les crois\u00e9s s\u2019emparent de la ville de J\u00e9rusalem <strong>le 15 juillet 1099 et cr\u00e9ent les \u00c9tats latins d\u2019Orient :<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La principaut\u00e9 d\u2019Antioche<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le royaume de J\u00e9rusalem<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le comt\u00e9 de Tripoli<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Le comt\u00e9 d\u2019Edesse<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais ces \u00e9tats ne vont pas durer longtemps. En effet, les musulmans vont se lancer dans une guerre sainte et ils parviendront \u00e0 reprendre Edesse en 1144.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> En r\u00e9action, le Pape Bernard de Clairvaux appelle \u00e0 la deuxi\u00e8me croisade (1146-1149)<\/strong>. Celle-ci n\u2019emp\u00eachera pas Saladin de reprendre J\u00e9rusalem aux chr\u00e9tiens <strong>en 1187<\/strong>. Les chr\u00e9tiens essayeront de la reprendre avec <strong>la troisi\u00e8me croisade (1189-1192)<\/strong>, qui sera un \u00e9chec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On te l\u2019avait dit que la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale regorgeait de rebondissements dignes d\u2019une s\u00e9rie Netflix ! \ud83c\udf7f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le dernier de ces rebondissements est la quatri\u00e8me croisade, qui prend une tournure inattendue.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udd00 Elle est d\u00e9tourn\u00e9e par les V\u00e9nitiens (encore eux, ils sont partout) <strong>et aboutira au sac de Constantinople en 1204, rendant ainsi le schisme entre chr\u00e9tiens d\u2019Orient et chr\u00e9tiens d\u2019Occident irr\u00e9versible.<\/strong><br>Mais les conflits religieux au Moyen-\u00c2ge ne s\u2019arr\u00eatent pas l\u00e0 ! \ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-video aligncenter\"><video autoplay loop muted playsinline poster=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-6-poster.webp\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2026\/10\/mediterranee-medievale-gif-6.mp4\" width=\"480\" height=\"270\" style=\"aspect-ratio: 480 \/ 270;max-width:100%;width:480px;height:auto\" aria-label=\"m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9dievale\"><\/video><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><br>Les Espagnols se lancent dans <strong>la Reconquista<\/strong> (reconqu\u00eate) du sud de l\u2019Espagne, qui est alors d\u00e9tenue par les musulmans. <strong>Elle dure 150 ans et se solde par la victoire des Espagnols \u00e0 Grenade en 1492.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion-sur-la-mediterranee-medievale\">Conclusion sur la m\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Et voil\u00e0, d\u00e9sormais la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale n\u2019a plus de secrets pour toi ! \ud83d\ude04 Comme tu as pu le constater, ces trois civilisations vont entretenir des <strong>relations complexes<\/strong> entre elles, \u00e9tant tour \u00e0 tour partenaires commerciaux mais \u00e9galement ennemies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais les \u00e9changes commerciaux r\u00e9alis\u00e9s en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque vont inciter les Espagnols et les Portugais, inquiets de l\u2019essor de la puissance ottomane et v\u00e9nitienne, de d\u00e9couvrir de <strong>nouvelles routes commerciales<\/strong>\u2026. et de <strong>nouvelles terres<\/strong>, notamment en Am\u00e9rique. Mais \u00e7a c\u2019est une autre histoire ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Intrigu\u00e9 par les dynasties et les conflits du monde m\u00e9di\u00e9val ? Approfondis ta compr\u00e9hension avec un <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\/online\"><strong>professeur particulier en histoire<\/strong> <strong>en ligne<\/strong><\/a> pour voyager \u00e0 travers le temps. \ud83d\udd4c<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A bient\u00f4t pour un prochain article ! \ud83d\udc4b\ud83e\udd73<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;190112&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;170&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.4&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.4\\\/5 - (170 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;[2nde] Tout savoir sur la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale \u2693&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;125.1&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 125.1px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.4\/5 - (170 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ahh la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e m\u00e9di\u00e9vale\u2026 rien qu\u2019\u00e0 entendre le titre de ce chapitre d\u2019histoire, tu trembles d\u00e9j\u00e0 de peur (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":167208,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[79,372,353],"class_list":["post-190112","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-lycee","tag-moyen-age","tag-seconde"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190112","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190112"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190112\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/167208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=190112"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=190112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}