{"id":190007,"date":"2021-07-26T13:05:33","date_gmt":"2021-07-26T11:05:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-30-glorieuses\/"},"modified":"2025-01-07T11:47:44","modified_gmt":"2025-01-07T10:47:44","slug":"les-30-glorieuses","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-30-glorieuses\/","title":{"rendered":"Les 30 Glorieuses : une p\u00e9riode de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \ud83d\udcc8"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La p\u00e9riode des 30 glorieuses est une \u00e8re tr\u00e8s importante de l\u2019histoire et pourtant, elle est souvent m\u00e9connue. \ud83d\udc40 <strong>Au lendemain de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/guerre-aneantissement\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"190038\">Seconde Guerre mondiale<\/a>, la France est d\u00e9truite : pendant 30 ans, elle va se reconstruire et atteindre une prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent\u2026 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Allez, on te raconte tout sur les 30 glorieuses ! \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu&rsquo;est-ce que les 30 Glorieuses ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  On doit l\u2019expression des \u00ab\u00a030 Glorieuses\u00a0\u00bb l\u2019\u00e9conomiste Jean Fourasti\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il s\u2019inspire des Trois Glorieuses<\/strong>, trois jours r\u00e9volutionnaires qui marquent un basculement dans le pouvoir en France (27, 28, 29 juillet 1830).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Puisque les <strong>30 glorieuses est un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne mondial <\/strong>(et particuli\u00e8rement europ\u00e9en), il est int\u00e9ressant de s\u2019int\u00e9resser aux <strong>noms qu\u2019ont donn\u00e9 d\u2019autres pays \u00e0 ce moment. \ud83c\udf0d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Allemagne et Italie : \u201cMiracle \u00e9conomique\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>G\u00e9n\u00e9ralement : \u201c\u00e2ge d\u2019or\u201d<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le contexte des 30 glorieuses \ud83d\udc65<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 Glorieuses dates<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9poque des 30 Glorieuses s\u2019\u00e9tend de <strong>1946, la fin de la 2e GM (1935 &#8211; 1945), \u00e0 1975.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">\u2705 Pour une rapide remise en contexte, consulte : <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/fin-de-la-seconde-guerre-mondiale\/\">la fin de la Seconde Guerre mondiale et le nouvel ordre mondial !<\/a> \ud83d\ude09<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Qu\u2019est-ce que les 30 Glorieuses ?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les 30 Glorieuses d\u00e9signent une \u00e9poque pendant laquelle <strong>la majorit\u00e9 des \u00e9conomies occidentales connaissent une croissance exceptionnelle et r\u00e9guli\u00e8re. \ud83d\udcc8<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49<strong> Cette progression sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent marque le d\u00e9but de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Elle est caract\u00e9ris\u00e9e par plusieurs \u00e9l\u00e9ments :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>une forte croissance \u00e9conomique<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>une hausse du niveau de vie<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>d\u2019importantes avanc\u00e9es sociales<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>de grandes avanc\u00e9es technologiques et techniques<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>le plein emploi<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>un boom d\u00e9mographique<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin des conflits et le d\u00e9but d\u2019une p\u00e9riode de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme on te l\u2019a dit plus haut, les 30 glorieuses commencent en 1946, juste \u00e0 la fin de la 2e GM (1945).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019Europe est alors d\u00e9vast\u00e9e par tous les conflits de ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es. Tout est \u00e0 reconstruire : les villes comme la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \ud83d\udd28<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Les populations sont traumatis\u00e9es par les affrontements, la majorit\u00e9 des grandes villes ont \u00e9t\u00e9 bombard\u00e9es, les pays sont \u00e9puis\u00e9s par l\u2019effort de guerre et dans l\u2019ombre, la Guerre froide se pr\u00e9pare. \ud83d\ude31<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-344.gif\" alt=\"les 30 glorieuses\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p><br> <strong>\ud83d\udc49  \u00c0 l\u2019internationale, on d\u00e9cide donc s\u2019organiser. Le plan Marshall est mis en place et les accords de Bretton Woods sont sign\u00e9s. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le plan Marshall<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le plan Marshall, c\u2019est l\u2019un des symboles de la puissance am\u00e9ricaine qui va marquer la fin du des ann\u00e9es 40. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il est mis en place dans le <strong>cadre du d\u00e9but de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/tag\/guerre-froide\/\">Guerre froide<\/a> et joue un r\u00f4le important dans l\u2019affirmation des \u00c9tats-Unis contre l\u2019URSS. \ud83d\udca2<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la fin des conflits, l\u2019Europe est tr\u00e8s \u00e9prouv\u00e9e. Le <strong>G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Georges Catlett Marshall<\/strong> propose donc aux nations Europ\u00e9ennes de mettre en place <strong>un programme d\u2019aide \u00e9conomique<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Harry Truman<\/strong> est alors au pouvoir aux \u00c9tats-Unis et il signe les accords<strong> le 1er avril 1948. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Pendant 4 ans, les pays europ\u00e9ens qui auront sign\u00e9 cet accord recevront des aides et des pr\u00eats de la part des \u00c9tats-Unis jusqu\u2019au 30 juin 1952. <\/strong>\u00c0 partir de cette date ils devront avoir retrouv\u00e9 la balance de leurs comptes et \u00eatre retourn\u00e9s \u00e0 une \u00e9conomie ind\u00e9pendante.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les accords de Bretton Woods<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019autre changement qui <strong>participe directement au succ\u00e8s des 30 glorieuses,<\/strong> ce sont les <strong>accords de Bretton Woods<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Cette conf\u00e9rence instaure, en juillet 1944, un syst\u00e8me mon\u00e9taire bas\u00e9 sur la libre convertibilit\u00e9 des monnaies et la fixit\u00e9 des <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Taux_de_change\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">taux de change.<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Plus simplement, \u00e7a signifie que cette conf\u00e9rence dessine<strong> les grandes lignes du fonctionnement financier international. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  Elle a pour but de mettre en place une <strong>organisation mon\u00e9taire mondiale et de favoriser la reconstruction et le d\u00e9veloppement \u00e9conomique.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est donc sur ces deux piliers que la p\u00e9riode des 30 glorieuses commence\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUhpc3RvaXJlJnNpZ251cD10cnVl\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS GRATUIT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 glorieuses : la croissance \u00e9conomique \ud83d\udcb5<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Une forte croissance \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019augmentation de l\u2019investissement industriel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>D\u00e8s les ann\u00e9es 1950, la progression \u00e9conomique est tr\u00e8s tir\u00e9e par activit\u00e9s industrielles et le b\u00e2timent, ainsi que par les services marchands. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  L\u2019investissement industriel joue un r\u00f4le central dans cette dynamique. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour te donner une id\u00e9e, dans les ann\u00e9es 1960, les investissements repr\u00e9sentent 25% du <a href=\"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Produit_int%C3%A9rieur_brut\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener nofollow\">PIB <\/a>(Produit int\u00e9rieur brut).<strong> Autrement dit, les investissements industriels repr\u00e9sentent 25% de la production de richesse. C\u2019est \u00e9norme ! \ud83d\ude31<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-345.gif\" alt=\"les 30 glorieuses \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La lib\u00e9ralisation et l\u2019intensification des \u00e9changes.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pendant les 30 glorieuses,<strong> les march\u00e9s europ\u00e9ens s\u2019ouvrent \u00e0 l\u2019international.<\/strong> Il y a deux \u00e9tapes \u00e0 retenir pour ce processus :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Le Gatt ou General agreement on Tariffs and Trade (Accord G\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur les Tarifs et le Commerce \ud83d\udc5b<\/strong> Sign\u00e9 en 1947, il a pour but d\u2019all\u00e9ger et d\u2019harmoniser les politiques douani\u00e8res et de garantir un commerce \u00e9quitable.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>La CEE ou Communaut\u00e9 \u00c9conomique Europ\u00e9enne \ud83d\udcb6<\/strong> Cr\u00e9\u00e9e en 1957 par le trait\u00e9 de Rome, cette communaut\u00e9 a pour but d\u2019unifier la communaut\u00e9 \u00e9conomique europ\u00e9enne. C\u2019est le pilier de l\u2019union europ\u00e9enne.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La baisse du ch\u00f4mage<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre les nouvelles industries, tout ce qui a \u00e0 reconstruire et l\u2019investissement, ce n\u2019est pas le travail qui manque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Le plein-emploi est donc une caract\u00e9ristique des 30 glorieuses. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si on veut parler de chiffres, entre 1950 et 1973, voici \u00e0 quoi ressemblent les taux de ch\u00f4mage de certains pays \ud83d\ude2e :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>France : 1,8%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>RFA : inf\u00e9rieur \u00e0 1%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Japon : 1,3%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Suisse : 0%<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>\u00c9tats-Unis : 4,5%<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les grandes avanc\u00e9es technologiques et techniques comme moteurs de la croissance \u00e9conomique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le fordisme<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Le fordisme, c\u2019est l\u2019illustration parfaite de cette nouvelle \u00e8re et de sa dynamique. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En r\u00e9alit\u00e9 <strong>il ne date pas exactement des 30 Glorieuses : il a \u00e9t\u00e9 cr\u00e9\u00e9 en 1908 par Henry Ford. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En revanche, pendant les 30 glorieuses, il sert de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence en production et est l\u2019exemple parfait pour illustrer les dynamiques de cette \u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 D\u00e9finition : <em>Le Fordisme d\u00e9signe un mod\u00e8le de management de la production et de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre. Il lie la dimension verticale, la hi\u00e9rarchie, et horizontale, le travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene.<\/em> <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le but du fordisme donc, c\u2019est de <strong>d\u00e9terminer en amont les gestes les plus efficaces possible pour acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer le rendement et entrer dans la production de masse en se basant sur le travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Mais ce qui fait du fordisme un embl\u00e8me des 30 glorieuses et une r\u00e9volution,<strong> c\u2019est l\u2019attention port\u00e9e au salaire des ouvriers. Le but est de leur donner un salaire suffisant pour qu\u2019ils puissent \u00e0 leur tour devenir consommateurs. \ud83d\udc77<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La communication<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Un autre secteur qui a beaucoup <strong>particip\u00e9 au changement des soci\u00e9t\u00e9s durant les 30 glorieuses, c\u2019est la communication. \ud83d\udcfa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Entre la fin du 19e et le d\u00e9but du 20e, les moyens de communication modernes sont invent\u00e9s, d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et exploit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Ces moyens de communication donc, permettent de supprimer les fronti\u00e8res, r\u00e9duire le temps entre toutes les proc\u00e9dures et construire une \u00e9conomie internationale. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici une petite liste de ces inventions majeures :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Le t\u00e9l\u00e9phone<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La radio<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>La t\u00e9l\u00e9vision<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Les ordinateurs<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">\u2705\u00a0 Pour plus de d\u00e9tail sur le sujet, on a un article sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inventions-du-19e-siecle\/\">les inventions du 19e si\u00e8cle<\/a> \ud83d\udd25<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Ces inventions ont aussi un impact culturel et politique puisqu\u2019elles permettent, par exemple, l\u2019utilisation des m\u00e9dias en politique. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Un politicien qui a su utiliser les m\u00e9dias \u00e0 la perfection pour servir sa carri\u00e8re politique fut Charles de Gaulle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ses discours extr\u00eamement sc\u00e9naris\u00e9s et diffus\u00e9s \u00e0 la t\u00e9l\u00e9vision jou\u00e8rent un grand r\u00f4le dans l\u2019affirmation de son pouvoir et le rayonnement de la France. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les nouvelles industries<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Enfin, la croissance \u00e9conomique a aussi d\u00e9pendu des nouvelles industries n\u00e9es de ces progr\u00e8s technologiques. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si certaines de ces inventions datent du de quelques ann\u00e9es avant les trente glorieuses, c\u2019est pendant cette \u00e9poque qu\u2019elles sont largement exploit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On t\u2019a fait une petite liste d\u2019exemples :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>L\u2019automobile<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>L\u2019a\u00e9ronautique (Le concorde, l\u2019Airbus\u2026)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/conquete-de-lespace\/\">La conqu\u00eate de l\u2019espace<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Et bien d\u2019autres<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">D\u2019autres questions sur l\u2019histoire ? Regarde ce qu\u2019on a pr\u00e9par\u00e9 pour toi ! \ud83d\udc96\u2728<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705 Un article de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methodologie-histoire-geo-brevet\/\">m\u00e9thodologie d\u2019histoire sp\u00e9cial coll\u00e8ge !<\/a> \ud83d\udcbc<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705 Envie de tester tes connaissances sur <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/quiz-moyen-age-en-occident\/\">le Moyen-\u00c2ge en Occident ?<\/a> \ud83d\udc51\u2694\ufe0f\ud83d\udee1\ufe0f<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705 Peut-\u00eatre es-tu plus int\u00e9ress\u00e9 par <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/seconde-guerre-mondiale-1939-1945\/\">la Seconde guerre mondiale ?<\/a> \ud83d\udc40<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 glorieuses : une \u00e9conomie planifi\u00e9e \ud83d\udcc6<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Au lendemain de la guerre, la France enti\u00e8re est \u00e0 reconstruire, ses finances y compris.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Des plans quinquennaux (en 5 ans) sont alors cr\u00e9\u00e9s. Ils sont vus comme le moyen de relever la France et la solution pour cr\u00e9er une \u00e9conomie forte et performante. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Plan de modernisation et d&rsquo;\u00e9quipement (CGP)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Charles de Gaulle,<\/strong> qui dirige alors la France, et Jean Monnet, d\u00e9cident de cr\u00e9er le <strong>3 janvier 1946 le Commissariat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du plan de modernisation et d\u2019\u00e9quipement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Le but de ce commissariat : <strong>r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 la situation de retard et de p\u00e9nurie en France<\/strong> au lendemain de la 2e GM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La mise en \u0153uvre de la planification<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Qu\u2019est-ce qu\u2019un plan ? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Et bien, il d\u00e9finit les grandes priorit\u00e9s de recherche et d\u2019innovation. Il chiffre les moyens \u00e0 mettre en \u0153uvre et planifie les objectifs de production. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Il fixe \u00e9galement les <strong>pr\u00e9visions \u00e0 quatre ou cinq ans. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les plans s\u2019adaptent \u00e0 la situation de la France. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 De 1946 \u00e0 1975, 4 plans de reconstruction s\u2019encha\u00eenent, suivis par deux plans de croissance.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les plans : cr\u00e9ation de la modernit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour plusieurs raisons, on peut consid\u00e9rer que <strong>ces plans ont largement particip\u00e9 \u00e0 la modernisation de la France. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Le premier plan de 1946 concentre l\u2019effort industriel du pays sur six secteurs de base : le charbon, l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, le ciment, le machinisme agricole, le transport et l\u2019acier. \ud83d\udd0b<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est ce genre de plans de l\u2019\u00e9poque des 30 glorieuses qui sont \u00e0 l\u2019origine des plus grandes innovations industrielles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La planification permet aussi la <strong>naissance et l\u2019\u00e9volution de grandes structures industrielles comme des ports, autoroute, etc. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUclQzMlQTlvZ3JhcGhpZSZzaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 glorieuses ou le renouveau social \ud83d\udc6e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais les 30 glorieuses, ce n\u2019est pas que des plans et l\u2019industrie !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 Apr\u00e8s les deux guerres mondiales que a soci\u00e9t\u00e9 a travers\u00e9, un retour \u00e0 l\u2019organisation pass\u00e9e est impossible.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Un v\u00e9ritable renouveau social a lieu, et c\u2019est le droit de vote des femmes, le 21 avril 1944, qui ouvre le grand bal des r\u00e9formes qui ont transform\u00e9 notre soci\u00e9t\u00e9. \ud83d\udcaa<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le baby boom, une explosion d\u00e9mographique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu tra\u00eenes un peu sur Twitter ou TikTok, tu as surement entendu au moins une fois l\u2019expression \u201cok, boomer.\u201d Mais sais-tu d\u2019o\u00f9 \u00e7a vient ? Allez, on va t\u2019expliquer\u2026 \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u00c0 la fin de la 2e GM, une forte hausse de la natalit\u00e9 est constat\u00e9e en Europe, aux \u00c9tats-Unis, Canada, Australie et Nouvelle-Z\u00e9lande. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  Et les gens n\u00e9e \u00e0 cette \u00e9poque, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire tes grands-parents, on les appelle les baby-boomers ou les boomers tout court. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>(D\u2019o\u00f9 \u201cOk Boomer.\u201d En gros, on te traite de vieux\u2026 \ud83d\ude02)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La hausse du niveau et de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La hausse de la natalit\u00e9 est aussi li\u00e9 \u00e0 un ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne majeur des 30 glorieuses : <strong>la hausse du niveau et de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Progr\u00e8s majeurs dans la m\u00e9decine<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La raison principale pour cela, c\u2019est les progr\u00e8s de la m\u00e9decine. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  Au fil des d\u00e9couvertes et des inventions, la m\u00e9decine se d\u00e9veloppe et devient de plus en plus performante\u2026 ce qui permet de soigner de plus en plus de gens, et de mieux en mieux.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En France, l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie \u00e9tait en 1946 de 59 ans pour les hommes et de 65 ans pour les femmes. En 1975, elle atteint 69 et 76 ans. (Aujourd\u2019hui, si tu veux comparer, elle est de 79,2 et 85,3) \ud83d\udc75\ud83d\udc74<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49  La mortalit\u00e9 infantile elle baisse radicalement<\/strong> ce qui participe au baby boom. Pendant les 30 glorieuses, elle diminue de 77,8 % \u00e0 13,8 %.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour te donner un ordre d\u2019id\u00e9e, on passe d\u2019\u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s 2 enfants sur dix qui survivent \u00e0 huit enfants sur dix.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019hygi\u00e8ne<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  Une autre importante raison de la hausse du niveau et de l\u2019esp\u00e9rance de vie est le <strong>changement dans le rapport \u00e0 l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-346.gif\" alt=\"les 30 glorieuses\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Pendant les 30 glorieuses, <strong>l\u2019effort de faire de l\u2019hygi\u00e8ne une affaire d\u2019\u00c9tat (qui avait commenc\u00e9 fin 19e si\u00e8cle) se poursuit <\/strong>et, le 17 mars 1966, la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 fran\u00e7aise d&rsquo;hygi\u00e8ne, de m\u00e9decine sociale et de g\u00e9nie sanitaire est cr\u00e9\u00e9e. \ud83e\uddfc<br>\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u2019importantes avanc\u00e9es sociales et le d\u00e9but de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Avanc\u00e9es sociales<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les 30 glorieuses sont une \u00e8re de grandes avanc\u00e9es pour les femmes. Apr\u00e8s la guerre, elles s\u2019\u00e9mancipent, acc\u00e8dent \u00e0 un travail autonome et revendiquent leurs droits. \ud83d\udc6d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Parmi ceux-ci, le droit d\u2019avoir un ch\u00e9quier ou celui d\u2019avoir un compte en banque par exemple\u2026 (depuis 1965 seulement !)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Le plus grand bouleversement soci\u00e9tal des 30 glorieuses, c\u2019est le passage \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 <strong>l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la production<\/strong>, on peut mieux produire, en plus grande quantit\u00e9 et moins cher.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De plus, le salaire fixe est introduit et peu \u00e0 peu, <strong>tout le monde peut consommer.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le temps de travail diminue aussi, laissant de la place pour les loisirs. <\/strong>Et qui dit loisirs dit consommation\u2026 \ud83c\udfa2\ud83c\udfa8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019exode rural des paysans<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Enfin, un autre changement principal est l\u2019exode rural des paysans, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire la migration des paysans en ville. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En effet, l\u2019amplification de l\u2019industrie conduit \u00e0 une industrialisation des m\u00e9tiers en France.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 L&rsquo;agriculture repr\u00e9sente 36% de l&#8217;emploi total en France en 1946, 31% en 1955 contre 18% en 1970 et 9% en 1975. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 En plus de la baisse du travail dans le secteur rural, <strong>on assiste \u00e0 une modernisation de l\u2019agriculture <\/strong>: la m\u00e9canisation, l\u2019apparition des engrais chimiques, la s\u00e9lection des plantes et des races d&rsquo;animaux, etc. \ud83c\udf3e\ud83c\udf3d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tout est fait pour r\u00e9ussir \u00e0 satisfaire la demande en constante expansion. \ud83d\udcc8<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;rsquo; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/adymrxvmro.cloudimg.io\/v7\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                       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                                                 <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 glorieuses : une croissance internationale \ud83c\udf0d<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le taux moyen de croissance<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pendant les 30 glorieuses, le taux moyen de croissance avoisine le 4%. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Dans les calculs, il faut juste bien faire attention \u00e0 ne pas compter l\u2019apr\u00e8s-guerre (de 1945 \u00e0 1950 \u00e0 peu pr\u00e8s) : \u00e0 ce moment-l\u00e0, l\u2019effort national est concentr\u00e9 sur la construction des villes et des institutions, moins sur le d\u00e9veloppement industriel \u201cpur\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La France vit une \u00e8re de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49 <strong>En 1938, l\u2019indice de production en France est \u00e0 100. En 1973, soit 35 plus tard, l\u2019indice de production est \u00e0 452.<\/strong> Il a plus que quadrupl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les puissances qui se d\u00e9marquent<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Si on observe les taux de croissance des diff\u00e9rents pays concern\u00e9s par les 30 glorieuses, trois typologies se d\u00e9tachent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Les pays mod\u00e9r\u00e9s.<\/strong> \ud83d\udca4 Par exemple les \u00c9tats-Unis (3,5 % l\u2019an) ou la Grande-Bretagne (2,7 %).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les pays rapides<\/strong>.\ud83c\udfc3 Par exemple la France (5,1 %), la RFA, ou Allemagne de l\u2019Ouest (5,1 %), la Suisse (5,25 %), l\u2019Italie (5,5 %) ou l\u2019Espagne (6%).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Les pays exceptionnels <\/strong>\ud83c\udfc6 : le Japon \u00e0 10%<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin des 30 glorieuses : les 30 piteuses \ud83d\udcc9<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La fin de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Malheureusement, et comme toute dynamique d\u2019augmentation, les<strong> 30 glorieuses atteignent leurs limites \u00e0 partir de la fin des ann\u00e9es 1960.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Les pays occidentaux entrent dans une aire de \u201cstagflation\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udca1 Stagflation : <em>le tassement de la croissance, de l\u2019investissement et la mont\u00e9e du ch\u00f4mage s\u2019accompagnent d\u2019une acc\u00e9l\u00e9ration de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/inflation-et-deflation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"241079\">l\u2019inflation<\/a>. (L\u2019inflation c\u2019est la mont\u00e9e des prix)<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En plus de la stagflation, l\u2019\u00e9conomie internationale et europ\u00e9enne fait face \u00e0 <strong>plusieurs chocs\ud83d\udca5<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>La fin du syst\u00e8me mon\u00e9taire de Bretton Woods en 1971\/1973. Il avait \u00e9t\u00e9 un \u00e9l\u00e9ment essentiel de la croissance \u00e9conomique du d\u00e9but de la p\u00e9riode.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hausse du prix du baril de p\u00e9trole \u00e0 partir de 1973<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ralentissement de la productivit\u00e9<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Hausse du ch\u00f4mage g\u00e9n\u00e9ral<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les Trente Glorieuses prennent fin et les pays occidentaux entrent dans une \u00e8re de crise profonde et durable : c\u2019est la fin de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 et le d\u00e9but des 30 piteuses. \ud83d\ude14<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Les 30 piteuses<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\ud83d\udc49 Cette expression est utilis\u00e9e pour d\u00e9crire les ann\u00e9es de crise qui ont succ\u00e9d\u00e9 les 30 glorieuses. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Elle fait ironiquement r\u00e9f\u00e9rence aux 30 glorieuses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udca1 Pendant cette p\u00e9riode, de 1980 \u00e0 1993, les plans de la crise se succ\u00e8dent en France&#8230; le temps de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 est d\u00e9finitivement r\u00e9volu !<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-347.gif\" alt=\"les 30 glorieuses\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ce qu\u2019il faut retenir des 30 Glorieuses : Dates et vocabulaire<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<table id=\"tablepress-717\" class=\"tablepress tablepress-id-717\">\n<thead>\n<tr class=\"row-1\">\n\t<th class=\"column-1\">Dates<\/th><th class=\"column-2\">1946-1975 \/ 1er juillet 1948 \/ 1947 \/ 1957 \/ 21 avril 1944 <\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody class=\"row-striping row-hover\">\n<tr class=\"row-2\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Noms Propres<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">Jean Fourasti\u00e9, Harry Truman, G\u00e9n\u00e9ral Georges Catlett Marshall, Charles de Gaulle <\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-3\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Concepts principaux \u00e0 retenir <\/td><td class=\"column-2\">30 glorieuses, le plan Marshall, les accords de Bretton Woods, GATT, CEE, les plans, les 30 piteuses, inflation, stagflation, taux de croissance, baby boom, modernisation de l\u2019agriculture, le fordisme, les m\u00e9dias, soci\u00e9t\u00e9 de consommation, lib\u00e9ralisation des \u00e9changes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"row-4\">\n\t<td class=\"column-1\">Les caract\u00e9ristiques de la p\u00e9riode<\/td><td class=\"column-2\">une forte croissance \u00e9conomique, une hausse du niveau de vie, d\u2019importantes avanc\u00e9es sociales, de grandes avanc\u00e9es technologiques et techniques, le plein emploi,<br \/>\nun boom d\u00e9mographique<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<!-- #tablepress-717 from cache -->\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion sur les 30 glorieuses<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Et voil\u00e0 ! Maintenant tu sais tout sur les 30 glorieuses en France et dans le reste du monde. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Comme tu as pu le voir, c\u2019est une p\u00e9riode extr\u00eamement riche et passionnante : en tout cas, nous on esp\u00e8re que \u00e7a t\u2019a passionn\u00e9\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/giphy-250.gif\" alt=\"les 30 glorieuses \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Allez, \u00e0 bient\u00f4t pour un prochain article ! \ud83d\ude09<br> <\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;190007&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;27&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.2&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.2\\\/5 - (27 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Les 30 Glorieuses : une p\u00e9riode de prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 sans pr\u00e9c\u00e9dent \ud83d\udcc8&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;119.3&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 119.3px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.2\/5 - (27 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La p\u00e9riode des 30 glorieuses est une \u00e8re tr\u00e8s importante de l\u2019histoire et pourtant, elle est souvent m\u00e9connue. (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":326,"featured_media":166789,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821],"tag":[77,770,358,352],"class_list":["post-190007","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","tag-college","tag-fiche-revision","tag-france","tag-troisieme"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190007","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/326"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=190007"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/190007\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/166789"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=190007"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=190007"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=190007"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}