{"id":189412,"date":"2020-08-06T08:36:32","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T06:36:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/crise-de-1929\/"},"modified":"2024-08-29T00:12:43","modified_gmt":"2024-08-28T22:12:43","slug":"crise-de-1929","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/crise-de-1929\/","title":{"rendered":"La crise de 1929 : entre d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres \u00e9conomiques et sociaux \ud83d\udc41"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>A ce jour, difficile d\u2019\u00e9voquer la Bourse sans mentionner la grande crise de 1929. C\u2019est sans doute la crise la plus marquante de l\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle !<\/strong> Lorsque j\u2019\u00e9tais plus jeune, d\u00e8s lors que quelqu\u2019un tentait de m\u2019expliquer ce qu\u2019\u00e9tait une crise \u00e9conomique, je prenais mes jambes \u00e0 mon cou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Beaucoup d\u2019articles, de livres et d\u2019encyclop\u00e9dies sont ponctu\u00e9s de termes difficiles \u00e0 comprendre pour un lyc\u00e9en ou coll\u00e9gien. C\u2019est pourquoi je vais t\u2019aider \u00e0 en apprendre plus tout en \u00e9tant claire, simple et objective ! Ma fiche de cours est divis\u00e9e en diff\u00e9rentes parties et sous-parties qui te permettent de suivre le fil conducteur de ma pens\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>De plus, j\u2019inclus un lexique des notions cl\u00e9s et quelques citations te permettant d\u2019avoir une vision d\u2019ensemble, de solidifier tes acquis et d\u2019illustrer tes arguments <\/strong>\ud83d\ude0e<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Et si les r\u00e9percussions sociales de la crise de 1929 te passionnent, d\u00e9couvre nos <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/histoire\">cours d&rsquo;histoire<\/a> <\/strong>pour explorer en profondeur cette p\u00e9riode tumultueuse. \ud83d\udcda<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>RAPPEL<\/strong><br> Pour l\u2019\u00e9preuve de la <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methode-de-la-question-problematisee\/\">question probl\u00e9matis\u00e9e<\/a>, le sujet est formul\u00e9 sous forme de question que tu peux reprendre en tant que probl\u00e9matique.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En premi\u00e8re et en seconde, le sujet est accompagn\u00e9 d\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9ments de construction qui te permette de construire ton plan. En terminale, on consid\u00e8re que tu es capable d\u2019\u00e9tablir ton plan en t\u2019aidant uniquement de la question problematis\u00e9e \ud83d\udc4d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Pour ce chapitre, plusieurs probl\u00e9matiques sont possibles :<\/strong><br> \ud83d\udccc  Dans quel contexte na\u00eet la crise de 1929 ?<br> \ud83d\udccc  Comment est-on pass\u00e9 d\u2019une crise \u00ab am\u00e9ricaine \u00bb \u00e0 une crise \u00ab mondiale et globale \u00bb ?<br> \ud83d\udccc  Comment la crise boursi\u00e8re de 1929 est-elle devenue une crise \u00e9conomique et sociale dans les ann\u00e9es 30 ?<br> \ud83d\udccc  Quelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les politiques de mises en \u0153uvre qui ont permis de r\u00e9tablir l\u2019\u00e9conomie mondiale ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Voici la probl\u00e9matique que j\u2019ai choisi pour construire mon plan :<br>\n<strong>Dans quelle mesure la crise de 1929 est-elle devenue une crise mondiale ayant des r\u00e9percussions sur le plan \u00e9conomique et sociale et quels ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les solutions mises en \u0153uvre par les \u00e9tats pour surmonter la d\u00e9pression ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>De cette probl\u00e9matique d\u00e9coule trois grands axes : la crise aux Etats-Unis (I) \ud83d\uddfd, l\u2019expansion de la crise en Europe (II) \ud83c\udf0d et les solutions mises en \u0153uvre (III) \ud83d\udc4c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je t\u2019invite \u00e0 proposer d\u2019autres id\u00e9es de probl\u00e9matiques et de plans en commentaires. On ne le r\u00e9p\u00e9tera jamais assez, il existe plusieurs plans pour une m\u00eame probl\u00e9matique. <strong>Maintenant, plus besoin de paniquer \u00e0 la sortie d\u2019un contr\u00f4le lorsque ton pote et toi n\u2019avez pas le m\u00eame plan<\/strong> \ud83d\ude09.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de d\u00e9buter le cours, je t\u2019invite \u00e0 lire les d\u00e9finitions des notions-cl\u00e9s que je vais employer tout au long de l\u2019article. Par ailleurs, je te conseille d\u2019utiliser un r\u00e9pertoire durant ton ann\u00e9e scolaire qui te seras d\u2019une grande utilit\u00e9 m\u00eame pour tes \u00e9tudes sup\u00e9rieures ! \ud83d\ude04<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Je te propose aussi de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-faire-une-frise-chronologique\/\">r\u00e9aliser une frise chronologique<\/a> avec les dates que tu juges \u00eatre plus importante. <strong>Cela te permettra de restituer les connaissances acquises, de te les approprier et de te faciliter les r\u00e9visions avant un contr\u00f4le ou un examen<\/strong> \u270f\ufe0f. Si tu n\u2019es pas un adepte de la frise chronologique, je te conseille <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/memoire-d-elephant-application-anki\/\">l\u2019application Anki<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Voil\u00e0 tous nos articles pour majorer en Histoire-g\u00e9o \ud83e\udd47<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methode-composition-histoire-bac\/\">M\u00e9thode de la composition<\/a> \ud83d\udc4c<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/methode-etude-de-doc-histoire-bac\/\">M\u00e9thode de l&rsquo;\u00e9tude de document<\/a> \ud83d\udcdd<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/>\u2705\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/croquis-geographie-bac\/\">M\u00e9thode du croquis<\/a> \ud83d\udd8d<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"lexique-des-notions-cles\">Lexique des notions-cl\u00e9s<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Accords d\u2019Ottawa<\/strong> : accords commerciaux sign\u00e9s en 1932 pr\u00f4nant des droits de douanes plus favorables \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9gard des membres.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Action<\/strong> : part du capital d\u2019une entreprise.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Actionnariat populaire<\/strong> : actionnariat compos\u00e9 de particuliers<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Call loan<\/strong> : syst\u00e8me d\u2019achats \u00e0 cr\u00e9dits d\u2019actions financ\u00e9s \u00e0 90% par des emprunts bancaires avec une couverture de seulement 10%.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Capital<\/strong> : richesse provenant de l\u2019\u00e9pargne ou de l\u2019emprunt destin\u00e9e \u00e0 la production de nouveaux biens ou d\u2019un revenu.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Commonwealth<\/strong> : communaut\u00e9 institu\u00e9e en 1931 entre la Grande Bretagne et des Etats issus de l\u2019empire colonial britannique ayant les m\u00eames objectifs politiques ou \u00e9conomiques.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Demande<\/strong> : quantit\u00e9 de bien(s) ou de service(s) qu\u2019un consommateur souhaite acqu\u00e9rir \u00e0 un prix d\u00e9fini.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Effort de guerre<\/strong> : mobilisation sociale et industrielle visant \u00e0 subvenir aux besoins militaires d\u2019un Etat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Five dollar a day<\/strong> : politique de hausse des salaires (salaire journalier de 5 dollars), instaur\u00e9e par Ford en 1914.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fordisme<\/strong> : th\u00e9orie d\u2019organisation industrielle instaur\u00e9e par Henri Ford visant \u00e0 accro\u00eetre la productivit\u00e9 par la standardisation des produits et par le moving assembly.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Indice boursier<\/strong> : outil statistique utilis\u00e9 par les investisseurs pour mesurer l\u2019\u00e9volution des titres qui le composent.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Krach<\/strong> : chute brutale et soudaine des cours des actions<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Moving assembly (ou travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene)<\/strong> : type d\u2019organisation du travail o\u00f9 le travailleur reste fix\u00e9 \u00e0 son poste devant une machine et les pi\u00e8ces dont il a besoin lui sont amen\u00e9es automatiquement \u00e0 un rythme d\u00e9fini par l\u2019employeur.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Offre<\/strong> : quantit\u00e9 maximale de biens ou de services qu\u2019un agent \u00e9conomique ou un ensemble d\u2019agents souhaitent vendre pour un prix donn\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Price-earnings ratio (PER)<\/strong> : ratio boursier correspondant au rapport entre la valeur boursi\u00e8re d\u2019une entreprise et ses profits.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Production de masse<\/strong> : production con\u00e7ue pour fabriquer des produits standardis\u00e9s en grande quantit\u00e9.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Protectionnisme \u00e9conomique<\/strong> : ensemble de mesures visant \u00e0 prot\u00e9ger la production d\u2019un pays contre la concurrence \u00e9trang\u00e8re.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM1 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Margot2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Margot<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Arts et M\u00e9tiers ParisTech<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">22\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&rsquo;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9ographie ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&rsquo;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        PRENDRE UN COURS OFFERT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-etats-unis-epicentre-de-la-crise-de-1929\">Les Etats-Unis, \u00e9picentre de la crise de 1929<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Avant de t\u2019expliquer l\u2019origine du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne de la crise, il me para\u00eet judicieux de t\u2019expliquer dans quel contexte s\u2019inscrit l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine avant l\u2019av\u00e8nement de la crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-annees-folles-1920-1929\">Les ann\u00e9es folles (1920-1929)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les ann\u00e9es 1920 d\u00e9finissent ce qu\u2019on appelle les ann\u00e9es folles am\u00e9ricaines (ou \u00ab Roaring Twenties \u00bb). Tu en as s\u00fbrement d\u00e9j\u00e0 entendu parler \ud83d\ude09.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quelle est la signification de l\u2019expression \u00ab ann\u00e9es folles \u00bb ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  Les Roaring Twenties* caract\u00e9risent une p\u00e9riode de grandes avanc\u00e9es sur le plan \u00e9conomique, culturelle et soci\u00e9tal. Cette phase, qui d\u00e9bute \u00e0 la fin de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) et qui se termine tragiquement avec la crise de 1929, conna\u00eet de multiples d\u00e9veloppements dans divers secteurs cr\u00e9ant un climat euphorique aux Etats-Unis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mais ce n\u2019est pas tout ! Les am\u00e9ricains souhaitent c\u00e9l\u00e9brer la fin de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale (1914-1918) et rompre avec le pass\u00e9. Ils ont une volont\u00e9 de \u00ab retour \u00e0 la normale \u00bb (\u00ab back to normalcy \u00bb). Libert\u00e9, soulagement et folie sont \u00e0 l\u2019honneur des ann\u00e9es 20 ! De quoi regretter ces ann\u00e9es\u2026 \ud83d\udc83\ud83d\ude06  L\u2019insouciance et l\u2019euphorie caract\u00e9risent cette p\u00e9riode, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019expression \u00ab Roaring Twenties \u00bb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Livre<\/strong> \ud83d\udcda  : Gatsby le Magnifique \u00e9crit par F. Scott Fitzgerald (1925).<br> <strong>Film<\/strong> \ud83c\udfa5  : La ru\u00e9e vers l\u2019or r\u00e9alis\u00e9 par Charlie Chaplin (1925).<br> <strong>Musique<\/strong> \ud83c\udfb5 : Louis Armstrong (1901-1971).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quelles \u00e9taient les secteurs en plein d\u00e9veloppement durant la seconde r\u00e9volution industrielle (1870-1945) ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Au sortir de la Premi\u00e8re Guerre mondiale, les Etats-Unis entame une seconde r\u00e9volution industrielle*. Celle-ci marque un r\u00e9el changement dans les modes de vie et dans l\u2019\u00e9conomie \u00e9tats-uniennes.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>La seconde r\u00e9volution industrielle est fond\u00e9e sur l\u2019utilisation de nouvelles sources d\u2019\u00e9nergie telles que le p\u00e9trole \u26fd et l\u2019\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 \u26a1\ufe0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019exploitation de ces deux nouvelles sources d\u2019\u00e9nergies permet l\u2019\u00e9mergence de nouveaux secteurs d\u2019activit\u00e9s comme l\u2019automobile \ud83d\ude97, la sid\u00e9rurgie \ud83c\udfed  et la chimie \ud83e\uddea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La demande* croissante li\u00e9e \u00e0 une d\u00e9mographie exponentielle, \u00e0 un mod\u00e8le de consommation de masse ainsi qu\u2019au dynamisme des gains de productivit\u00e9 dans l\u2019industrie (ex : Ford T) provoque, entre 1921 et 1929, une hausse de 50% \ud83d\udcc8  de la production industrielle.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Souviens-toi, la premi\u00e8re r\u00e9volution industrielle (fin XVIII\u00e8me si\u00e8cle &#8211; XIX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle) naquit en Angleterre et pr\u00f4nait une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 dominante commerciale et industrielle notamment gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 des innovations tels que la machine \u00e0 vapeur \ud83d\ude82  ou encore le water frame \ud83e\uddf5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quelles ont \u00e9t\u00e9 les solutions mises en place pour soutenir la production de masse* ?<\/strong><br>\nL\u2019activit\u00e9 des entreprises \u00e9tant au plus haut point, de nouvelles techniques d\u2019organisations du travail naissent et ont pour principal objectif l\u2019am\u00e9lioration de la productivit\u00e9 de la main d\u2019\u0153uvre en vue d\u2019\u00e9liminer la fl\u00e2nerie (ou \u00ab fallacy \u00bb) des ouvriers et de r\u00e9pondre \u00e0 une forte demande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Au cours des ann\u00e9es 1910, l\u2019industriel am\u00e9ricain Henry Ford adopte le Taylor System* (taylorisme) en y introduisant le Moving assembly* (ou travail \u00e0 la cha\u00eene)<\/strong> et pour compenser les efforts engendr\u00e9s applique le principe de Five dollar a Day* \ud83d\udcb8. C\u2019est la naissance du fordisme*. Gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette nouvelle organisation, la productivit\u00e9 du travail s\u2019accro\u00eet de 43% entre 1929 et 1929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-krach-boursier-a-wall-street\">Le krach boursier \u00e0 Wall Street<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La croissance \u00e9conomique aux Etats-Unis reste forte au cours des ann\u00e9es 1920 soutenue par le dynamisme de l\u2019investissement, du logement \ud83c\udfe1  et par la demande de biens de consommation durables (ex : voiture \ud83d\ude97, radios \ud83d\udcfb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"chiffres-cles\">Chiffres cl\u00e9s<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Entre 1921 et 1929, l\u2019indice boursier Dow Jones* passe de 75 \u00e0 315.<\/strong> Si tu effectues le taux d\u2019\u00e9volution, tu obtiens une augmentation d\u2019environ 320%. Tu peux v\u00e9rifier le r\u00e9sultat en t\u2019armant de ta calculatrice et en t\u2019aidant du graphique ci-dessous !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crise-1.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68034\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>La production industrielle conna\u00eet au cours de cette p\u00e9riode, une hausse de 50% tandis que l\u2019indice des actions augmentait d\u2019environ 300%. Cette hausse des cours (notamment remarquable entre 1928 et 1929) est dite sp\u00e9culative*. Les sp\u00e9culateurs achetaient pour vendre plus cher contribuant \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation du prix des actions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, les cours augmentaient plus vite que les profits des entreprises. Le price-earnings ratio (PER)* \u00e9tait donc tr\u00e8s \u00e9lev\u00e9.<br>\nIl y avait une d\u00e9connexion entre l\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle et les march\u00e9s financiers \ud83d\ude31<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Si la croissance \u00e9conomique des Etats-Unis laissait pr\u00e9sager un avenir \u00e9conomique florissant, plusieurs facteurs ont \u00e9branl\u00e9 la destin\u00e9e du pays :<\/strong><br> \ud83d\udc49 Le climat euphorique des Roaring Twenties<br> \ud83d\udc49  La surproduction industrielle<br> \ud83d\udc49 Le \u00ab call loan \u00bb * ou \u00ab achats sur marge \u00bb<br> \ud83d\udc49 L\u2019actionnariat populaire*<br> \ud83d\udc49 Les d\u00e9clarations optimistes d\u2019hommes influents<br> \ud83d\udc49 Le laxisme mon\u00e9taire de la FED (banque centrale)<br> \ud83d\udc49 Les Investment trust (soci\u00e9t\u00e9 d\u2019investissements)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00ab Il n\u2019y a pas de raison d\u2019\u00eatre inquiet, la mar\u00e9e haute de la prosp\u00e9rit\u00e9 continuera \u00bb<br>\nAndrew W. Mellon, secr\u00e9taire d\u2019Etat au Tr\u00e9sor, 1929.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Figure-toi que quelques mois apr\u00e8s cette d\u00e9claration, les ventes d\u2019automobiles \ud83d\ude97  et la production d\u2019acier d\u00e9gringolaient \ud83d\udcc9\u2026<br> <strong>Ce ralentissement \u00e9conomique est d\u00fb \u00e0 l\u2019augmentation du taux d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat \u00e0 6% par la FED dont l\u2019objectif \u00e9tait de freiner la sp\u00e9culation afin d\u2019\u00e9tablir un \u00e9quilibre entre l\u2019\u00e9conomie r\u00e9elle et l\u2019\u00e9conomie financi\u00e8re.<\/strong> Cela provoque une panique g\u00e9n\u00e9rale et de nombreux actionnaires s\u2019empressent de vendre leurs actions provoquant une baisse de la demande. L\u2019offre devient alors sup\u00e9rieure \u00e0 la demande. S\u2019ensuit alors les trois Black Days.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Le Jeudi 24 octobre 1929 \u00e0 midi, le Dow Jones baissait d\u2019environ 22.6%. Pour limiter la casse, six banques de New York d\u00e9cid\u00e8rent d\u2019investir en masse. A la fermeture, le Dow ne baissait \u00ab que \u00bb de 2%. Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait qu\u2019une question de temps \ud83d\udd50  avant que cela ne les rattrape\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pourquoi-la-bulle-speculative-a-choisi-declater-le-jeudi-24-octobre\">Pourquoi la bulle sp\u00e9culative a choisi d\u2019\u00e9clater le jeudi 24 octobre ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Les Trois Black Days font partie des pires jours que le Dow Jones n\u2019ait jamais connu en termes de pourcentage de baisse.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udc49  M\u00eame si les facteurs dont je t\u2019ai parl\u00e9 pr\u00e9c\u00e9demment joue un r\u00f4le consid\u00e9rable dans l\u2019\u00e9clatement de cette bulle sp\u00e9culative, la une des journaux du New York Times et du Washington Post ont attis\u00e9 la panique \ud83d\ude31 avec comme gros titres : \u00ab les prix des actions s&rsquo;effondrent en cas de forte liquidation. \u00bb (NYT) ou \u00ab une vague de vente \u00e9norme cr\u00e9e une quasi-panique \u00e0 mesure que les stocks s&rsquo;effondrent \u00bb (WP).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-repercussions-de-la-crise-aux-etats-unis\">Les r\u00e9percussions de la crise aux Etats-Unis \ud83d\uddfd<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab La particularit\u00e9 du Grand Krach de 1929 c\u2019est que le pire continuait \u00e0 empirer \u00bb,<br>\nJohn Kenneth Galbraith, The Great Crash 1929, 1954.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une crise boursi\u00e8re se caract\u00e9rise par une baisse g\u00e9n\u00e9rale des valeurs boursi\u00e8res d\u00e9clench\u00e9 par un manque de confiance des investisseurs.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manifestations de la crise boursi\u00e8re :<br> \ud83d\udc49 Perte de 80% du Dow Jones (1929 \u2013 1932).<br> \ud83d\udc49 R\u00e9duction massive des exportations.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Dur\u00e9e du krach \u00e9conomique : 4 jours<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une crise bancaire traduit une situation dans laquelle un ou plusieurs \u00e9v\u00e8nements entra\u00eenent des pertes pour les banques et d\u00e9gradent leurs bilans.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manifestations de la crise bancaire :<br> \ud83d\udc49 Perte de confiance g\u00e9n\u00e9rale envers les banques.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Restriction des activit\u00e9s de cr\u00e9dits bancaires.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Retraits massifs des d\u00e9p\u00f4ts par les \u00e9pargnants r\u00e9sidents ou \u00e9trangers.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Faillites de 38% des banques (1934) comme la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre New York Bank.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Une crise \u00e9conomique d\u00e9signe une d\u00e9gradation brutale de la situation \u00e9conomique d\u2019un pays.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Manifestations de la crise \u00e9conomique :<br> \ud83d\udc49 Baisse de la croissance \u00e9conomique.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Baisse de 50 % de la production industrielle (1929-1932).<br> \ud83d\udc49 Repli sur soi (ou protectionnisme \u00e9conomique*).<br> \ud83d\udc49 Faillites de 85 000 entreprises am\u00e9ricaines.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Baisse de -26.7% du Produit Int\u00e9rieur Brut (PIB)* entre 1929 et 1933.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Baisse des prix de -46% (1929-1932).<br> \ud83d\udc49 Fermeture d\u2019usines industrielles.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Une crise sociale na\u00eet du manque de confiance d\u2019un peuple dans son \u00e9conomie.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Manifestations de la crise sociale :<\/strong><br> \ud83d\udc49 Mis\u00e8re paysanne : chute de 55% des prix agricoles (entre 1929 et 1933).<br> \ud83d\udc49 Baisse du revenu des fonctionnaires, des retrait\u00e9s et des agriculteurs<br> \ud83d\udc49 Perte du pouvoir d\u2019achat<br> \ud83d\udc49 Ruine des commer\u00e7ants<br> \ud83d\udc49 Ch\u00f4mage : 25% en 1933<br> \ud83d\udc49 \u00ab Hooverville \u00bb : bidonvilles aux Etats-Unis durant la Grande D\u00e9pression.<br> \ud83d\udc49 Famine<br> \ud83d\udc49 Multiplication des soupes populaires et des h\u00e9bergements d\u2019urgence<br> \ud83d\udc49 Organisation de \u00ab marche de la faim \u00bb (ex : Detroit)<br> \ud83d\udc49 Suicide de personnes ruin\u00e9es<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Histoire g\u00e9ographie\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            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xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                 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  class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Nicolas2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Nicolas<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">CentraleSup\u00e9lec<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> d&rsquo;histoire-g\u00e9o est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Fais-toi guider par un \u00e9tudiant pass\u00e9 par une des meilleures \u00e9coles de France.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J&rsquo;EN PROFITE MAINTENANT\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-passage-dune-crise-americaine-a-une-crise-mondiale\">Le passage d\u2019une crise am\u00e9ricaine \u00e0 une crise mondiale<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le poids de l\u2019\u00e9conomie am\u00e9ricaine conjugu\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019essor de la premi\u00e8re mondialisation (1850-1914) \u00e9tend la crise au niveau mondial<\/strong> \ud83c\udf0d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-crise-de-1929-du-point-de-vue-de-lallemagne\">La crise de 1929 du point de vue de l\u2019Allemagne<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pourquoi-la-crise-impacte-elle-en-second-lieu-lallemagne\">Pourquoi la crise impacte-elle en second lieu l\u2019Allemagne ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>A ton avis, quel \u00e9v\u00e8nement majeur impacte l\u2019Allemagne au cours des ann\u00e9es 1910 ? Comme tu l\u2019as sans doute devin\u00e9, la premi\u00e8re guerre mondiale \ud83d\udca3  frappe de plein fouet beaucoup de pays en Europe dont l\u2019Allemagne. Apr\u00e8s sa d\u00e9faite, elle est astreinte \u00e0 de lourdes r\u00e9parations \u00e9conomiques \u00e9tabli par le Conseil des Quatre* lors du Trait\u00e9 de Versailles* (ou diktat*) sign\u00e9 en 1919.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019Allemagne d\u00e9pend alors des capitaux am\u00e9ricains, premier pr\u00eateur mondial de capitaux, pour le financement des dommages de guerre.<\/strong> Avec le krach boursier \ud83d\udcc9, les banques am\u00e9ricaines rapatrient leurs capitaux d\u00e9pos\u00e9s \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9tranger affectant lourdement l\u2019\u00e9conomie allemande.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"comment-se-manifeste-elle\">Comment se manifeste-elle ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>La crise se manifeste au niveau \u00e9conomique, social mais aussi politique. <strong>Avec un recul de 40% de la production manufacturi\u00e8re en 1930, les prix des produits manufactur\u00e9s baissent de 30% (1929-1932) tout comme ceux de grosses denr\u00e9es agricoles qui eux chutent de 65%.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Certains stocks entiers de bl\u00e9s \ud83c\udf3d et de voitures \ud83d\ude97  sont m\u00eame d\u00e9truits&#8230; Si aujourd\u2019hui l\u2019Allemagne est l\u2019un des pays les moins touch\u00e9s par le ch\u00f4mage, son taux de ch\u00f4mage atteint 30% en 1932 \ud83d\ude31.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quelles-en-sont-les-consequences\">Quelles en sont les cons\u00e9quences ?<\/h4>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>C\u2019est le krach le plus grave jamais enregistr\u00e9.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">John Maynard Keynes<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9conomiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La gravit\u00e9 du krach de 1929 en fait son unicit\u00e9. En plus d\u2019\u00e9branler le syst\u00e8me bancaire \ud83d\udcb0 avec la faillite de la c\u00e9l\u00e8bre Danatbank en 1931, la crise est \u00e0 l\u2019origine d\u2019autres maux. En effet, le dictateur Hitler s\u2019approprie cette crise pour gagner du terrain en politique et ainsi mettre en place un r\u00e9gime totalitaire.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il invite les ch\u00f4meurs \u00e0 participer \u00e0 des organisations extr\u00e9mistes nazies tel que Parti national-socialiste des travailleurs allemands (NSDAP).<\/strong> Avec ce bouleversement, il ancre dans la m\u00e9moire de la population allemande une politique antis\u00e9mite et s\u00e8me le trouble.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-crise-du-point-de-vue-de-langleterre\">La crise du point de vue de l\u2019Angleterre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pourquoi-la-crise-de-1929-impacte-elle-ensuite-langleterre\">Pourquoi la crise de 1929 impacte-elle ensuite l\u2019Angleterre ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Pour t\u2019aider \u00e0 comprendre l\u2019extension de la crise, imagine-toi une s\u00e9rie de dominos dont la chute d\u2019un seul entra\u00eene celle des autres  . Dans ce cas, le premier domino repr\u00e9sente les Etats-Unis, le second l\u2019Allemagne, le troisi\u00e8me l\u2019Angleterre, le quatri\u00e8me la France, etc. En investissant dans une panoplie de pays europ\u00e9ens \ud83c\udf0d, notamment l\u2019Allemagne, la Grande-Bretagne s\u2019est rendue vuln\u00e9rable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Lors du krach \ud83d\udcc9, elle est dans l\u2019incapacit\u00e9 de rapatrier ses capitaux. En plus de cela, le financement de son effort de guerre* par les Etats-Unis a accentu\u00e9 son endettement.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/v1.Y2lkPTc5MGI3NjExejQ2MHIxM3k0ZHpsN3UzdXRrbm81em82M2RzM3k3d3g0OWEwOGNoZCZlcD12MV9naWZzX3NlYXJjaCZjdD1n\/fLmtLsMg8bQglQUZ8l\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"homme qui dit : &quot;that's a recipe for disaster&quot;\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p><br> Si ce d\u00e9clin permet aux Etats-Unis d\u2019emporter la place de premi\u00e8re puissance mondiale, la Grande-Bretagne continue d\u2019occuper une place importante dans le commerce mondial et de conserver des liens \u00e9conomiques solides avec ses anciennes colonies au sein du Commonwealth* gr\u00e2ce aux Accords d\u2019Ottawa* sign\u00e9s en 1932 \u270d\ufe0f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quelles-sont-les-consequences-sociales-et-economiques-notables-en-angleterre\">Quelles sont les cons\u00e9quences sociales et \u00e9conomiques notables en Angleterre ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Face \u00e0 la crise, l\u2019Angleterre copie l\u2019Allemagne ainsi que les Etats-Unis en adoptant des mesures protectionnistes \ud83d\udee1\ufe0f. Le but est de limiter les dommages sur la vie \u00e9conomique \ud83d\udcb0 du pays.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les Accords d\u2019Ottawa et les normes contraignantes instaur\u00e9es par BSI Group (British Standards Institution) ont ainsi permis de r\u00e9duire le d\u00e9ficit commercial, d\u2019am\u00e9liorer le niveau de vie des anglais et de privil\u00e9gier les entreprises nationales.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Toutefois, le taux de ch\u00f4mage reste \u00e9lev\u00e9 jusqu\u2019en 1932 avec 15% de la population active. En augmentant les imp\u00f4ts et en r\u00e9duisant les salaires, le gouvernement nourrit la d\u00e9flation*.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9sultats ne sont pas ceux escompt\u00e9s et conduisent, le 21 septembre 1931, le gouvernement britannique \u00e0 abandonner l\u2019\u00e9talon d\u2019or*<\/strong> \ud83d\udcb0 et \u00e0 d\u00e9valuer la livre sterling \ud83d\udcb7  afin de relancer la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9 \u00e9conomique du pays. Eh oui, plus la valeur de la monnaie baisse, plus le pays devient attractif en termes d\u2019exportations ! \u2708\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Il n\u2019y aura pas de cons\u00e9quences graves ni directes \u00e0 Londres. Nous trouvons les perspectives d\u00e9cid\u00e9ment encourageantes.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">John Maynard Keynes<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9conomiste<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"quelle-repercussion-a-t-elle-eu-sur-la-vie-politique-du-pays\">Quelle r\u00e9percussion a-t-elle eu sur la vie politique du pays ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu n\u2019es pas sans savoir qu\u2019aujourd\u2019hui, l\u2019\u00e9conomie et la politique marche main dans la main \ud83e\udd1d. <strong>Une situation \u00e9conomique bancale engendre des instabilit\u00e9s politiques.<\/strong> Le fascisme et le nazisme se sont justement hiss\u00e9s au pouvoir \ud83d\udc51  en extrapolant les cons\u00e9quences \u00e9conomiques de la crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ainsi, l\u2019enjeu des ann\u00e9es 1930 fut la volont\u00e9 d\u2019apaisement (ou Appeasement) face \u00e0 une Allemagne nazie et une Italie fasciste.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On voit d\u2019ailleurs appara\u00eetre au cours des ann\u00e9es 30, la British Union of Fascists (Union Britannique des Fascistes) cr\u00e9e par Oswald Mosley, la formation du Cliveden set (groupe d\u2019influence britannique proche de l\u2019extr\u00eame-droite) et les sorties m\u00e9diatiques des s\u0153urs Mitford. Tous ces marqueurs visent \u00e0 sympathiser avec l\u2019ennemi et \u00e9viter une mont\u00e9e de tensions \u26a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"la-crise-du-point-de-vue-de-la-france\">La crise du point de vue de la France<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"pourquoi-la-crise-impacte-elle-si-tard-la-france\">Pourquoi la crise impacte-elle si tard la France ?<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu l\u2019as sans doute remarqu\u00e9, la France \ud83e\udd50  est touch\u00e9e bien plus tard que ces voisins par la crise de 1929. Comme je te l\u2019ai expliqu\u00e9 auparavant, la crise s\u2019est r\u00e9pandu par r\u00e9action en cha\u00eene \u26d3\ufe0f. Sa faible insertion dans le syst\u00e8me bancaire international lui a permis de retarder l\u2019entrechoc \ud83d\udca5. <strong>C\u2019est \u00e0 cause de la d\u00e9valuation de la livre britannique \ud83d\udcb7  en 1931 que le Franc rencontre des difficult\u00e9s.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quels autres \u00e9v\u00e9nements marquent la France et quelles en sont les cons\u00e9quences ?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>S\u2019ensuit ensuite la d\u00e9valuation du dollar \ud83d\udcb5  en 1933. La France et ses partenaires du \u00ab bloc or \u00bb deviennent moins attractif en raison de leur co\u00fbt d\u2019exportations plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 de 27% sur le march\u00e9 mondial. <strong>La chute des exportations \u2708\ufe0f provoque alors une baisse de la production industrielle \ud83c\udfed  g\u00e9n\u00e9rant un ch\u00f4mage de masse.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Cela entra\u00eene un appauvrissement et une inqui\u00e9tude des populations. Les gouvernements se succ\u00e8dent en vain sans parvenir \u00e0 r\u00e9tablir l\u2019ordre et connaissent une impopularit\u00e9 grandissante. Vient se rajouter \u00e0 cela l\u2019affaire Stavisky, \u00e9ni\u00e8me scandale politico-\u00e9conomique de l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>En bref, Stavisky est un escroc \ud83c\udfad  ayant b\u00e9n\u00e9ficier de l\u2019appui d\u2019hommes politiques pour d\u00e9velopper son business de faux bons et ainsi d\u00e9tourner des millions de francs. Apr\u00e8s son suicide, la population remet en cause les relations qu\u2019ils entretenaient avec de nombreux politiques et le malheur de celle-ci est exploit\u00e9 par des partis d\u2019extr\u00eame droite.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>\u00ab En France comme dans le monde 1931 est vraiment l&rsquo;ann\u00e9e noire \u00bb<br>\nAlfred Sauvy<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9mdW5uZWwtc3R1ZGVudC1xdWFsaWZpY2F0aW9u\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part\u2019 global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS OFFERT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"les-solutions-mises-en-oeuvre-pour-resoudre-la-crise-de-1929\">Les solutions mises en \u0153uvre pour r\u00e9soudre la crise de 1929<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>En 1929, des hommes d\u2019Etat tels que Hoover, Mac Donald ou Poincar\u00e9 menaient une politique \u00e0 tendance d\u00e9flationniste. Pour rompre avec ce syst\u00e8me, des programmes tels que le New Deal, le Front Populaire ou encore les Accords Matignons sont mis en place afin de relancer l\u2019\u00e9conomie \ud83d\udcb8.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"le-new-deal-ou-la-nouvelle-donne-instaure-par-roosevelt\">Le New Deal ou \u00ab la nouvelle donne \u00bb instaur\u00e9 par Roosevelt<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019expression \u00ab New Deal \u00bb ou la nouvelle donne fut employ\u00e9e pour la premi\u00e8re fois en 1932 lors de la campagne \u00e9lectorale \ud83d\uddf3\ufe0f  de Roosevelt contre le pr\u00e9sident r\u00e9publicain sortant Hoover.<\/strong> Elle d\u00e9signe l\u2019ensemble des mesures de politiques \u00e9conomique et sociale adopt\u00e9e aux Etats-Unis \ud83d\uddfd par le gouvernement du pr\u00e9sident Roosevelt \u00e0 partir de 1933 pour enrayer les effets de la grande crise.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1933-le-premier-new-deal\">1933&nbsp;: le premier New Deal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crise-2.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68031\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"1935-le-second-new-deal\">1935 : le second New Deal<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Crise-3.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-68032\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Sujets possibles et ouvertures :<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2712\ufe0f  Peut-on comparer les crises de 1929 et de 2008 ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2712\ufe0f  Quelles sont les similitudes et les \u00e9carts notables entre la crise de 1929 et la crise du coronavirus ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2712\ufe0f  Le Brexit peut-il provoquer une crise \u00e9conomique ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2712\ufe0f  Peut-on qualifier la crise du coronavirus comme la plus grande de l\u2019histoire \u00e9conomique ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u2712\ufe0f  Si la grande crise de 1929 impacte l\u2019Am\u00e9rique du Nord, quels effets a-t-elle eu en Am\u00e9rique Latine ?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si tu veux approfondir ta compr\u00e9hension des strat\u00e9gies de redressement \u00e9conomique post-1929 prends des <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/cours\/economie\">cours d&rsquo;\u00e9conomie sur mesure<\/a><\/strong>, et deviens un expert de la mati\u00e8re. \ud83c\udf0d<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;189412&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;42&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.6&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.6\\\/5 - (42 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;La crise de 1929 : entre d\u00e9s\u00e9quilibres \u00e9conomiques et sociaux \ud83d\udc41&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;130.9&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 130.9px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.6\/5 - (42 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>A ce jour, difficile d\u2019\u00e9voquer la Bourse sans mentionner la grande crise de 1929. C\u2019est sans doute la (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":159,"featured_media":163806,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,821,826],"tag":[317,770,79,355],"class_list":["post-189412","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-histoire","category-ses-economie-esh","tag-bac","tag-fiche-revision","tag-lycee","tag-terminale"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/159"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189412"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189412\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/163806"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=189412"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=189412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}