{"id":189408,"date":"2020-08-04T21:33:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-04T19:33:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux\/"},"modified":"2025-05-14T17:41:40","modified_gmt":"2025-05-14T15:41:40","slug":"courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/courants-litteraires-chronologie-enjeux\/","title":{"rendered":"Les courants litt\u00e9raires : chronologie et enjeux \ud83d\udd70"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>La connaissance des courants litt\u00e9raires est la cl\u00e9 pour comprendre les textes auxquels tu es confront\u00e9s puisque tu es en mesure de les <strong>CONTEXTUALISER<\/strong> (ce mot terrible \ud83d\ude31).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On a retrac\u00e9 pour toi l\u2019histoire des courants litt\u00e9raires et ce qu\u2019ils impliquent en terme d\u2019enjeux intellectuels et de langage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>D\u00e9sormais, tu n\u2019as plus d\u2019excuses !<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Comprendre le contexte dans lequel un texte a \u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e9crit t\u2019aidera \u00e0 mieux te l&#8217;approprier et <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-faire-un-commentaire-compose\/\">\u00e0 construire plus facilement un commentaire compos\u00e9<\/a> ou une dissertation.<\/strong> Enfin, bien conna\u00eetre tes courants litt\u00e9raires te sera utile pour r\u00e9diger tes introductions. On a ajout\u00e9 une petite surprise \u00e0 la fin de l&#8217;article pour mieux visualiser tout cela. Non, ne nous remercie pas, c\u2019est cadeau. \ud83d\ude09<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p><strong data-rich-text-format-boundary=\"true\">Besoin d&#8217;aide en fran\u00e7ais ? On a ce qu&#8217;il te faut \u2712\ufe0f<br data-rich-text-line-break=\"true\" \/><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul style=\"list-style:none;\">\n<li>\u2705 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/comment-faire-une-bonne-dissertation\/\">M\u00e9thode de la dissertation<\/a> \ud83d\udcdd<\/li>\n<li>\u2705 \u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/ameliorer-son-orthographe\/\">Comment am\u00e9liorer son style \u00e9crit<\/a> \ud83d\udcaf<\/li>\n<li>\u2705\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/roman-genre-litteraire\/\">Litt\u00e9rature fran\u00e7aise : le Roman du Moyen-\u00c2ge \u00e0 nos jours<\/a> \ud83d\udcd6<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mouvement litt\u00e9raire : l\u2019Humanisme \ud83d\udc68\u200d\ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 la Renaissance, l\u2019homme est au centre des pr\u00e9occupations. Il y a une volont\u00e9 profonde de progr\u00e8s et d\u2019innovation du corps et de l\u2019esprit. Il s\u2019agit, par un rapport plus dense au savoir et \u00e0 la langue, <strong>d\u2019\u00e9duquer et de devenir \u00ab plus humain \u00bb.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"read-also\">\n    <p class=\"read-also__title\">\u00c0 lire aussi<\/p>\n            <div class=\"read-also__list\">\n            <p>D\u00e9couvre tout ce que tu as \u00e0 savoir sur le mouvement litt\u00e9raire qu&#8217;est <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/humanisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">l&#8217;humanisme<\/a> !<\/p>\n\n        <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<p>La Pl\u00e9iade est le nom d\u2019un groupe de po\u00e8tes du XVIe si\u00e8cle.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il compte notamment Pierre de Ronsard, Joachim du Bellay, \u00c9tienne Jodelle, R\u00e9my Belleau, Jean-Antoine de Ba\u00eff, Jacques Peletier, et Pontus de Tyard.<\/strong> Leur souhait ? R\u00e9nover les <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/formes-poetiques\/\">formes po\u00e9tiques<\/a> en s\u2019inspirant des Anciens, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire des po\u00e8tes de l\u2019Antiquit\u00e9, dont les textes sont red\u00e9couverts gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 la traduction. \ud83d\udcdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019inspiration tient une place importante dans les th\u00e9ories de la Pl\u00e9iade. Selon ces auteurs, le po\u00e8te devrait s\u2019abandonner \u00e0 une \u00ab fureur divine \u00bb pour produire une \u0153uvre de qualit\u00e9 qui lui vaudra une gloire \u00e9ternelle. C\u2019est gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 cette derni\u00e8re que le po\u00e8te conna\u00eetra l\u2019immortalit\u00e9.<strong> La figure du po\u00e8te tient en effet une place importante dans la soci\u00e9t\u00e9, il est celui qui r\u00e9v\u00e8le les choses, le monde, il est celui qui \u00e9duque.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>La langue est neuve et savante.<\/strong> Les auteurs de la Pl\u00e9iade s\u2019appuient sur les \u00e9crits des Anciens pour pouvoir ensuite les imiter librement, en y m\u00ealant des influences plus modernes. Ils revisitent les mythes antiques mais avec un souci de vari\u00e9t\u00e9 et exploitent diff\u00e9rents genre, en travaillant sur la forme. C\u2019est \u00e0 ce moment que l&#8217;importance du sonnet \u00e9merge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mignonne-allons-voir-si-la-rose\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/mignonne-allons-voir-si-la-rose\/\">Pierre de Ronsard<\/a>, Joachim Du Bellay<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Classicisme \ud83c\udfad<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Au XVIIe, la religion r\u00e9gie la soci\u00e9t\u00e9<\/strong>. La croyance en un Dieu tout puissant, cr\u00e9ateur d\u2019un monde parfait, stable, beau, \u00e0 son image est dominante. De cette croyance d\u00e9coule l\u2019id\u00e9al de l\u2019honn\u00eate homme: il fait preuve de retenue, est ouvert, curieux, savant sans \u00eatre p\u00e9dant, agr\u00e9able, poli, raffin\u00e9.<strong> En un mot, il doit plaire \u00e0 la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. <\/strong>\ud83d\udcaf<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le but primordial est de plaire et d\u2019instruire. L\u2019art doit provoquer la r\u00e9flexion par le biais d\u2019une forte r\u00e9action \u00e9motionnelle (rires, pleurs, terreur&#8230;), sinon, il reste superficiel et inutile. Pour cela, les auteurs du <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/classicisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">classicisme<\/a> utilise la mimesis, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire l&#8217;imitation du monde pour dire sa perfection et s\u2019appuient sur <strong>la raison qui \u00e9merge des lois stables, la beaut\u00e9 qui correspond \u00e0 des codes, des id\u00e9aux, ou encore la mort.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>On retrouve dans l\u2019\u00e9criture un souci de perfection, d\u2019o\u00f9 l\u2019autorit\u00e9 de la raison, de l\u2019ordre, et des r\u00e8gles qui en d\u00e9coulent, notamment le respect de la vraisemblance (au th\u00e9\u00e2tre s\u2019applique alors la r\u00e8gle des trois unit\u00e9s) et des biens\u00e9ances (le spectateur ne doit pas \u00eatre choqu\u00e9: pas de violence, ni de sang sur sc\u00e8ne).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Il en \u00e9merge \u00e9galement un souci d\u2019\u00e9ternel, d\u2019universel.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019ouvrage de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence du classicisme est l\u2019Art po\u00e9tique de Boileau. <strong>Il y \u00e9nonce un ensemble de r\u00e8gles qui ont pour finalit\u00e9 la beaut\u00e9 d\u2019une \u0153uvre.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/FLze1pgnsmBMs\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Dracula qui montre son d\u00e9saccord\"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mouvement litt\u00e9raire : le Baroque \ud83d\udd2e<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/baroque-mouvement-litteraire\/\">baroque<\/a> commence \u00e0 la fin du XVIe et s\u2019ach\u00e8ve \u00e0 la moiti\u00e9 du XVIIe. Il se d\u00e9veloppe dans un contexte de crises: crise religieuse, \u00e9conomique, intellectuelle mais \u00e9galement politique. <strong>Ce climat g\u00e9n\u00e9ral occasionne une perte de confiance en la stabilit\u00e9 et en la V\u00e9rit\u00e9.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le baroque met en avant l\u2019illusion, le r\u00eave, la confusion, le changement, le d\u00e9sespoir, et les libert\u00e9s d\u2019un monde dont on ne peut percer le secret. <strong>Cette originalit\u00e9 des artistes se manifeste par un souci moindre des auteurs Anciens et par une plus grande ind\u00e9pendance de pens\u00e9e allant pour certains jusqu\u2019\u00e0 la tentation du \u00ab libertinage \u00bb intellectuel.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le baroque se caract\u00e9rise par l\u2019exub\u00e9rance de l\u2019imagination et du style.<\/strong> Il est un art du mouvement qui cherche surprendre le lecteur par ses encha\u00eenements d\u2019images, par le go\u00fbt des contrastes et des jeux sur les mots, par une esth\u00e9tique expresssive, hyperbolique et parfois provocatrice. C\u2019est le r\u00e8gne de la m\u00e9tamorphose, de l\u2019instabilit\u00e9 du monde, de l\u2019inconstance de l\u2019homme. \ud83e\udd2f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>L\u2019illusion comique<\/em>, Corneille<br>Th\u00e9ophile de Viau<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUZyYW4lQzMlQTdhaXMmc2lnbnVwPXRydWU=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CMP1 Fran\u00e7ais\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Olivier2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Olivier<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">La Sorbonne<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">13\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Victor2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Victor<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESCP<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin d&#8217;un <span style=\"color: #4cc583;\">prof particulier<\/span> de fran\u00e7ais ? <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Nos Sherpas sont l\u00e0 pour t&#8217;aider \u00e0 progresser et prendre confiance en toi !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Courant litt\u00e9raire : le Romantisme \ud83e\udd40<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Apr\u00e8s un si\u00e8cle domin\u00e9 par la Raison des Lumi\u00e8res, <strong>l\u2019on repense le monde \u00e0 partir de la sensibilit\u00e9.<\/strong> Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/romantisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"257537\">romantisme<\/a> na\u00eet au XIXe, de l\u2019esprit de la R\u00e9volution. L\u2019Histoire tient d\u2019ailleurs une place importante dans ce courant: on s\u2019en inspire mais on la d\u00e9nonce aussi. On assiste \u00e0 une naissance de l\u2019individu, de l\u2019\u00eatre sensible qui se caract\u00e9rise par une lib\u00e9ration de l\u2019art et du Moi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/romantisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">romantisme<\/a> s\u2019oppose \u00e0 la r\u00e9gularit\u00e9 classique et le rationalisme philosophique des si\u00e8cles pr\u00e9c\u00e9dents.<\/strong> Le h\u00e9ros romantique est en proie au \u00ab mal du si\u00e8cle \u00bb, un sentiment de malaise et d\u2019insatisfaction, l\u2019impression de ne pas \u00eatre n\u00e9 \u00e0 la bonne \u00e9poque. La figure du po\u00e8te est majeure, il est un guide, d\u2019o\u00f9 une po\u00e9sie qui peut se montrer engag\u00e9e.\ud83d\udce3<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>De l\u2019\u00e9criture romantique \u00e9merge une domination du \u00ab je \u00bb et des sentiments. La po\u00e9sie romantique est fortement lyrique et cela se r\u00e9percute sur les images et sur les rythmes. <strong>Il s\u2019agit d\u2019exprimer les mouvements de l\u2019\u00e2me. L\u2019on recherche \u00e0 s\u2019\u00e9vader dans le r\u00eave, l\u2019exotisme ou le pass\u00e9, le myst\u00e8re ou encore le fantastique.<\/strong> La nature, th\u00e8me tr\u00e8s pr\u00e9sent du romantisme, r\u00e9pond \u00e0 ce besoin de solitude et d\u2019\u00e9vasion. Les paysages d\u00e9crits sont souvent le reflet d\u2019\u00e9tats d\u2019\u00e2me.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left\"><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/victor-hugo\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/victor-hugo\/\">Victor Hugo<\/a>, <em>Les Ch\u00e2timents<\/em><br> Alphonse de Lamartine, <em>M\u00e9ditations po\u00e9tiques<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/media.giphy.com\/media\/LklfTtQHkcVCSWTqbg\/giphy.gif\" alt=\"Anderson Silva qui m\u00e9dite \"\/><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le Parnasse, ou le mouvement de l\u2019art pour l\u2019art \ud83c\udfa8<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/parnasse-mouvement-litteraire\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/parnasse-mouvement-litteraire\/\">Parnasse<\/a> n\u00e9 au XIXe en r\u00e9action \u00e0 l\u2019utilitarisme bourgeois et aux exc\u00e8s de la sensibilit\u00e9 romantique. L\u2019art se veut alors d\u00e9gag\u00e9 de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La po\u00e9sie n\u2019a qu\u2019elle-m\u00eame comme but ce qui correspond \u00e0 l\u2019id\u00e9e de \u00ab<strong> l\u2019art pour l\u2019art<\/strong> \u00bb formul\u00e9e par Th\u00e9ophile Gautier. Autrement dit, elle ne vise rien d\u2019autre que le plaisir et la Beaut\u00e9. \ud83d\ude0d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u00c0 travers l\u2019\u00e9criture s\u2019exprime un refus du monde, du politique, de l\u2019Histoire. Cela oblige \u00e0 choisir des sujets plus d\u00e9tach\u00e9s du pr\u00e9sent comme les mythes ou les arts. <strong>La langue elle, est pr\u00e9cieuse, soigneusement choisie et soutenue.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le texte de r\u00e9f\u00e9rence \u00e0 ce courant est la pr\u00e9face \u00e0 Mademoiselle de Maupin par Th\u00e9ophile Gautier et son c\u00e9l\u00e8bre:<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"citation\">\n        <q class=\"citation__text\"><p>Il n&#8217;y a de vraiment beau que ce qui ne peut servir \u00e0 rien ; tout ce qui est utile est laid, car c&#8217;est l&#8217;expression de quelque besoin, et ceux de l&#8217;homme sont ignobles et d\u00e9go\u00fbtants, comme sa pauvre et infirme nature.<\/p>\n<\/q>\n\n                    <div class=\"citation__infos  citation__infos--full \">\n                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-name\">Th\u00e9ophile Gautier<\/p>\n                                                    <p class=\"citation__infos-job\">\u00c9crivain<\/p>\n                            <\/div>\n            <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Le r\u00e9alisme et le naturalisme \ud83d\udc41<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Les r\u00e9volutions de 1830 et 1848 sont un \u00e9chec politique dont d\u00e9coule la d\u00e9sillusion des auteurs.<\/strong> Ils r\u00e9agissent contre le romantisme et pensent que l\u2019art ne doit rejeter aucun sujet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/realisme-litteraire\/\">r\u00e9alisme<\/a> et le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-naturalisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">naturalisme<\/a> poursuivent la m\u00eame but&nbsp;: le roman doit repr\u00e9senter la r\u00e9alit\u00e9. Les auteurs trouvent alors leur inspiration aupr\u00e8s des milieux populaires, jusque-l\u00e0 d\u00e9daign\u00e9s par la litt\u00e9rature. <strong>Le roman est le genre dominant de ces courants.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019auteur part de l\u2019observation de faits de la vie quotidienne pour construire une narration. D\u00e8s lors, la description passe souvent devant l\u2019action.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Si le r\u00e9alisme et le naturalisme cherchent \u00e0 d\u00e9crire la r\u00e9alit\u00e9, les m\u00e9thodes diff\u00e8rent. L\u2019approche naturaliste se veut plus scientifique et cela s\u2019observe par les mots utilis\u00e9s et la fa\u00e7on dont les personnages sont consid\u00e9r\u00e9s. <strong>Le roman est alors \u00ab exp\u00e9rimental \u00bb comme le revendique Zola.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/realisme-litteraire\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/realisme-litteraire\/\">R\u00e9alisme<\/a> : <em>La Com\u00e9die Humaine<\/em>, Honor\u00e9 de Balzac<br> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-naturalisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/le-naturalisme-mouvement-litteraire\/\">Naturalisme<\/a> : La s\u00e9rie les <em>Rougon-Macquart<\/em>, \u00c9mile Zola<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zdWJqZWN0PUZyYW4lQzMlQTdhaXMmc2lnbnVwPXRydWU=\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"CPM2 Fran\u00e7ais\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Agathe2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Agathe<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Cle\u0301mence2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Cl\u00e9mence<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Antoine2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Antoine<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">18\u20ac\/h\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Pierre2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Pierre<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ESSEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Sophie2x.png);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Sophie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Bordeaux<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">12\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Ton premier <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">cours particulier<\/span> de fran\u00e7ais est <span style=\"color: #4cc483;\">offert<\/span> ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83c\udf81\">\ud83c\udf81<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p>Tous nos profs sont pass\u00e9s par les meilleures \u00e9coles de France !<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        J\u2019EN PROFITE !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Courant litt\u00e9raire : le symbolisme \ud83d\udddd<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>C\u2019est en r\u00e9action aux certitudes mat\u00e9rialistes et scientifiques du positivisme du XIXe, au r\u00e9alisme et au naturalisme que na\u00eet au XIXe le symbolisme. Le monde pour les symbolistes est un temple de myst\u00e8res et de symboles \u00e0 explorer. <strong>La po\u00e9sie est charg\u00e9e de les mettre en lumi\u00e8re.<\/strong> \ud83c\udf24<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le symbolisme cherche \u00e0 mettre en valeur et \u00e9clairer les symboles du monde : il s\u2019agit de confronter le lecteur \u00e0 la <strong>possibilit\u00e9 d\u2019un d\u00e9chiffrement, de lever le voile qui recouvre le monde pour en d\u00e9couvrir le sens cach\u00e9. <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On pourrait parler d\u2019une intention m\u00e9taphysique, d\u2019une mise en sc\u00e8ne du myst\u00e8re, voire d\u2019un certain mysticisme. Le symbolisme vise \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9l\u00e9vation vers ce myst\u00e8re.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le symbolisme est la po\u00e9sie du r\u00eave, des mati\u00e8res et des \u00e9l\u00e9ments insaisissables. <strong>On y trouve une importante cr\u00e9ation d\u2019impressions, notamment par un effort sur la musicalit\u00e9 et un souci de trouver une langue neuve pour dire ce myst\u00e8re du monde.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>St\u00e9phane Mallarm\u00e9, Antoine Rimbaud, Paul Verlaine<br> \u00ab Correspondances \u00bb, <em><a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-fleurs-du-mal-de-baudelaire\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/les-fleurs-du-mal-de-baudelaire\/\">Les Fleurs du Mal<\/a><\/em>, Charles Baudelaire<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mouvement litt\u00e9raire : le surr\u00e9alisme \ud83e\udde0<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Au XXe se d\u00e9veloppe un attrait certain pour les sujets de la psychanalyse, de l&#8217;inconscient, notamment \u00e9tudi\u00e9s par Sigmund Freud. <strong>Le <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/surrealisme-courant-litteraire\/\">surr\u00e9alisme<\/a> est un mouvement qui se lie \u00e0 une pens\u00e9e r\u00e9volutionnaire, antibourgeoise, antinationaliste.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Andr\u00e9 Breton d\u00e9finit le premier Manifeste du Surr\u00e9alisme comme \u00ab automatisme psychique pur, par lequel on se propose d\u2019exprimer, soit verbalement, soit par \u00e9crit, soit de toute autre mani\u00e8re, le fonctionnement r\u00e9el de la pens\u00e9e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dict\u00e9e de la pens\u00e9e, en l\u2019absence de tout contr\u00f4le exerc\u00e9 par la raison, en dehors de toute pr\u00e9occupation esth\u00e9tique ou morale \u00bb. <strong>Le surr\u00e9alisme tend \u00e0 mettre en avant une v\u00e9rit\u00e9, un nouveau rapport au monde trop souvent n\u00e9glig\u00e9, celui de l\u2019inconscient.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Les auteurs surr\u00e9alistes sont nombreux \u00e0 pratiquer l\u2019\u00e9criture automatique, c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire \u00e0 \u00e9crire de fa\u00e7on instinctive, \u00e0 laisser aller la plume sans r\u00e9fl\u00e9chir pour justement s\u2019affranchir d\u2019une pens\u00e9e r\u00e9gie par la raison. <strong>De cette \u00e9criture d\u00e9coule une importance des images, et notamment des images inattendues.<\/strong> \u270d\ufe0f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Andr\u00e9 Breton, <em>Le manifeste du surr\u00e9alisme<\/em> (1924)<br> <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/paul-eluard\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/paul-eluard\/\">Paul \u00c9luard<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">L\u2019oulipo \ud83e\udd13<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le d\u00e9veloppement de la linguistique auquel a fortement contribu\u00e9 Ferdinand de Saussure, a modifi\u00e9 l\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eat port\u00e9 au langage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Fond\u00e9 en 1960, l\u2019Oulipo est l\u2019acronyme de \u00ab <strong>Ouvroir de litt\u00e9rature potentielle<\/strong> \u00bb, un groupe de recherche dont l\u2019objectif est d\u2019exp\u00e9rimenter des formes litt\u00e9raires nouvelles fond\u00e9es sur la notion de r\u00e9\u00e9criture et de contraintes. Le chef de file de ce mouvement est Raymond Queneau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019\u00e9criture \u00e0 contrainte doit permettre de cr\u00e9er de nouvelles possibilit\u00e9s litt\u00e9raires mais aussi d\u2019explorer un inconscient, un imaginaire, les possibilit\u00e9s po\u00e9tiques.\ud83e\uddd0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>L\u2019\u00e9criture est en perp\u00e9tuel mouvement.<\/strong> Parmi les proc\u00e9d\u00e9s de l\u2019Oulipo l\u2019on trouve: l\u2019expansion qui s\u2019oppose au r\u00e9sum\u00e9 et consiste \u00e0 ajouter apr\u00e8s chaque mot un ou plusieurs mots, la substitution par laquelle certaines lettres sont remplac\u00e9es par d\u2019autres, ou encore le d\u00e9placement qui consiste \u00e0 faire permuter un mot avec un autre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Zazie dans le m\u00e9tro<\/em>, Raymond Queneau<br><em>La Disparition<\/em>, Georges Perec, un roman \u00e9crit sans qu\u2019y apparaisse jamais la lettre &#8220;e&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n\n<section class=\"push \">\n        <div >\n            \n                                                <div class=\"push__container  qcd\" data-target=\"_self\" data-qcd=\"aHR0cHM6Ly9zaGVycGFzLmNvbS9wcm9mZXNzZXVycz9zaWdudXA9dHJ1ZQ==\" data-banner=\"2\" data-name=\"Cours part&amp;#8217; global #3 = CPG3\" style=\"background-color: #F3FBF7\" >\n                                                                        <div class=\"push__teachers\">\n    <div class=\"d-flex justify-content-center d-md-none\">\n        <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\" alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n    <\/div>\n    <div class=\"swiper\">\n        <div class=\"swiper-wrapper\">\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Martin2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Martin<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">HEC Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">23\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jade2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jade<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Paris<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">21\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Bastien2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Bastien<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Polytechnique<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">26\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Emilie2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Emilie<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Sciences Po Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">19\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Hugo2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Hugo<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Insa Lyon<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">16\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Alma2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Alma<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">ENS Paris-Saclay<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">24\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/David2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">David<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">EDHEC<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">25\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                                            <div class=\"swiper-slide\">\n                    <div class=\"push__teachers-card\">\n                        <div\n                            class=\"push__teachers-profil\"\n                            \n                            style=\"background-image: url(https:\/\/sherpas.com\/content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Jeanne2x.jpg);\"\n                        >\n                    <\/div>\n                         <p class=\"push__teachers-name\">Jeanne<\/p>                          <p class=\"push__teachers-school\">Aix-Marseille Universit\u00e9<\/p>                                                     <div class=\"push__teachers-note\">\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                                    <svg  class=\"active\" >\n                                        <use\n                                            xlink:href=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/sprite.svg#star\"\/>\n                                    <\/svg>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                 <p class=\"push__teachers-price\">17\u20ac\/h<\/p>                     <\/div>\n                <\/div>\n                    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                                                    <div class=\"push__content\">\n                                                            <div  class=\"d-none d-md-block\" >\n                                    <img decoding=\"async\" class=\"push__logo\" src=\"\/content\/themes\/sherpas-theme\/dist\/images\/logo.svg\"\n                                        alt=\"Logo Sherpas\">\n                                <\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__title\"><p>Besoin de cours particuliers ? <span role=\"img\" aria-label=\"\u2728\">\u2728<\/span><!-- notionvc: 27874cb7-7cca-4c68-a2e3-ea8000cbb55b --><\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                                                        <div class=\"push__text\"><p><span style=\"color: #48b378;\">4 points<\/span> de plus sur ta <span style=\"color: #48b378;\">moyenne<\/span> avec nos profs Sherpas ! <span role=\"image\" aria-label=\"\ud83d\udcc8\">\ud83d\udcc8<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n                                                        <div class=\"push__promo-button   \">\n                                                                                                    <div\n                                        class=\"btn btn-primary\"\n                                        style=\"color: ; border-color: ; background-color: \"\n\n                                    >\n                                        JE PRENDS UN COURS GRATUIT !\n                                    <\/div>\n                                                            <\/div>\n                                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n                                    <\/div>\n    <\/section>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">La po\u00e9sie engag\u00e9e du XX\u00e8me si\u00e8cle \u270a<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Contexte historique<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>La Seconde Guerre mondiale, les p\u00e9riodes de d\u00e9colonisation et les violences qui l\u2019accompagnent donnent aux auteurs mati\u00e8res \u00e0 \u00e9crire, mais surtout des causes \u00e0 d\u00e9fendre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Enjeux<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>L\u2019engagement des auteurs est celui de guider, d\u2019enseigner, de rendre hommage, d\u2019appeler au combat, \u00e0 l\u2019espoir. La po\u00e9sie n\u2019est pas marginale, elle est en lien avec le monde et ses souffrances. <strong>Elle se veut action. <\/strong>\ud83d\udca5<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Langage<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le th\u00e8me majeur de <a href=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/poesie-engagee\/\">la po\u00e9sie engag\u00e9e<\/a> est la libert\u00e9. Les auteurs invitent \u00e0 se battre, pacifiquement, pour l\u2019embrasser. <strong>En obstacle \u00e0 cette libert\u00e9 se tiennent la guerre, le racisme et d\u2019autres horreurs encore.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Exemple<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Le mouvement de la n\u00e9gritude avec notamment les figures d\u2019Aim\u00e9 C\u00e9saire et L\u00e9opold S\u00e9dar Senghor<br>\n<em>Po\u00e9sie et V\u00e9rit\u00e9<\/em>, Paul Eluard<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion sur les courants litt\u00e9raires<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\ud83d\udcdd Tu l\u2019auras compris, l\u2019histoire des courants litt\u00e9raires s\u2019est construite par opposition successives. Les auteurs se sont appuy\u00e9s sur ceux qui leur avaient pr\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9s pour \u00e9crire. En s\u2019en inspirant d\u2019abord mais souvent en s\u2019y opposant radicalement.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>En ayant conscience du contexte et des raisons pour lesquelles est n\u00e9 un courants litt\u00e9raire, tu as toutes tes chances d\u2019en saisir les \u00e9crits qui en d\u00e9coule.<\/strong> \ud83e\udd17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pour finir : la petite frise surprise des mouvements litt\u00e9raires \ud83c\udf89<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Tu nous excuseras, c&#8217;est fait maison mais au moins c&#8217;est complet \ud83e\udd2d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/content\/uploads\/2021\/10\/Sans-titre-e1596618078147.png\" alt=\"frise courants mouvements litt\u00e9raires\" class=\"wp-image-67933\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n<div class=\"kk-star-ratings kksr-auto kksr-align-center kksr-valign-bottom\"\n    data-payload='{&quot;align&quot;:&quot;center&quot;,&quot;id&quot;:&quot;189408&quot;,&quot;slug&quot;:&quot;default&quot;,&quot;valign&quot;:&quot;bottom&quot;,&quot;ignore&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;reference&quot;:&quot;auto&quot;,&quot;class&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;count&quot;:&quot;61&quot;,&quot;legendonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;readonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;score&quot;:&quot;4.5&quot;,&quot;starsonly&quot;:&quot;&quot;,&quot;best&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;gap&quot;:&quot;5&quot;,&quot;greet&quot;:&quot;Tu as aim\u00e9 cet article ?&quot;,&quot;legend&quot;:&quot;4.5\\\/5 - (61 votes)&quot;,&quot;size&quot;:&quot;24&quot;,&quot;title&quot;:&quot;Les courants litt\u00e9raires : chronologie et enjeux \ud83d\udd70&quot;,&quot;width&quot;:&quot;128&quot;,&quot;_legend&quot;:&quot;{score}\\\/{best} - ({count} {votes})&quot;,&quot;font_factor&quot;:&quot;1.25&quot;}'>\n            \n<div class=\"kksr-stars\">\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-inactive\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"1\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"2\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"3\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"4\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" data-star=\"5\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n    \n<div class=\"kksr-stars-active\" style=\"width: 128px;\">\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n            <div class=\"kksr-star\" style=\"padding-right: 5px\">\n            \n\n<div class=\"kksr-icon\" style=\"width: 24px; height: 24px;\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n<\/div>\n                \n\n<div class=\"kksr-legend\" style=\"font-size: 19.2px;\">\n            4.5\/5 - (61 votes)    <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>La connaissance des courants litt\u00e9raires est la cl\u00e9 pour comprendre les textes auxquels tu es confront\u00e9s puisque tu (&#8230;)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":159,"featured_media":262887,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"category":[803,806],"tag":[317,371,79,355],"class_list":["post-189408","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-apprendre-matiere","category-lettres","tag-bac","tag-courants-litteraires","tag-lycee","tag-terminale"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189408","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/159"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=189408"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/189408\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/262887"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=189408"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/category?post=189408"},{"taxonomy":"tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/sherpas.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tag?post=189408"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}